See mace in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mace-bearer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mace head"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "reedmace"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sergeant at mace"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mace"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mace",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "mace"
},
"expansion": "Old French mace",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "matia",
"4": "*mattia"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *mattia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "mazza"
},
"expansion": "Italian mazza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "maza"
},
"expansion": "Spanish maza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*mattjō",
"t": "cutting tool, hoe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *mattjō (“cutting tool, hoe”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English mace, borrowed from Old French mace, mache, from Vulgar Latin *mattia, *mattea, matia, (compare Italian mazza, Spanish maza), probably from Proto-West Germanic *mattjō (“cutting tool, hoe”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mace (plural maces)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 51:",
"text": "The Mace is an ancient weapon, formerly much used by cavalry of all nations, and likewise by ecclesiastics, who in consequence of their tenures, frequently took the field, but were by a canon of the church forbidden to wield the sword.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A heavy fighting club."
],
"id": "en-mace-en-noun-OTGOG8kS",
"links": [
[
"club",
"club"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], line 259:",
"text": "I am a king that find thee; and I know 'Tis not the balm, the sceptre, and the ball, The sword, the mace, the crown imperial, The intertissued robe of gold and pearl",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A ceremonial form of this weapon."
],
"id": "en-mace-en-noun-atdo8-RW",
"links": [
[
"ceremonial",
"ceremonial"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "dabbūs",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "دَبُّوس"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "gurz",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "գուրզ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "laxt",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "լախտ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "varz",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "վարզ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "toppuz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "küśək",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "күҫәк"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "suqmar",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "суҡмар"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bulavá",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "булава́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pálica",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "па́ліца"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bozdugán",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "боздуга́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "topúz",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "топу́з"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maça"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chuí",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "錘 /锤"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "palcát"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "strijdknots"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "rautanuija"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "masse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "masse d’armes"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Streitkolben"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apelatíki",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "απελατίκι"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "korúnē",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κορύνη"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Greek",
"raw_tags": [
"Byzantine Greek"
],
"roman": "apelatíkin",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ἀπελατίκιν"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "אלה"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "buzogány"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "gada"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "más"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mazza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mazza d'armi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "meisu",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "メイス"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "būzdyğan",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "бұздыған"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "meiseu",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "메이스"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "škynda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clava ferrea"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "vāle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "buožė"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bozdogan",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "боздоган"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "topuz",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "топуз"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "cokmar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "gada",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "ഗദ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "debbus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mazza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "gaḍh",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "गढ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "topuz",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "طوپوز"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gorz",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "گرز"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buzdygan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maczuga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "buława"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maça"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "buzdugan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bulavá",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "булава́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pálica",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "па́лица"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "gadā",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "गदा"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "буздо̀ва̄н"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "то̀пуз"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "buzdòvān"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tòpuz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mazza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maza de armas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "gegendir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "klubba"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "gurz",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "гурз"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "topuz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pálycja",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "па́лиця"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bulavá",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "булава́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "gurzi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 78 22 0 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "byrllysg"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "žezǎl",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "жезъл"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maça"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "žezlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"word": "marssisauva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"word": "sauva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"word": "virkasauva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "masse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Amtsstab"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"word": "jogar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"word": "gada"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mazza"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "meisu",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"word": "メイス"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"Mediaeval",
"feminine"
],
"word": "matia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "žezol",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "жезол"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "žezlo",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "жезло"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"word": "cokmar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "buława"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maça"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žezl",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "жезл"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "жѐзло"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "žèzlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 94 5 0 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "byrllysg"
}
]
},
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"name": "Hong Kong English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 0 1 0 11 1 3 1 3 3 7 3 1 2 7 11 3 0 0 8 1 1 1 0 1 11 3 11 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 10 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 0 0 0 11 1 3 0 3 2 8 3 1 2 7 12 3 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 12 3 12 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 51 7 17 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 2 47 5 13 5 14 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 3 54 10 14 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 56 10 12 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 57 7 13 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bashkir translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 56 7 13 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 49 6 14 4 14 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 50 6 12 5 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 47 8 13 4 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 2 58 6 9 4 11 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 2 37 4 8 3 8 9 4 6 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 57 5 11 4 12 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 50 6 12 5 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 54 6 10 5 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 51 5 14 4 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 3 54 5 17 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 47 8 15 4 16 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 2 50 9 11 4 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 58 7 13 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 58 5 10 5 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 38 4 6 3 7 10 4 7 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 56 10 12 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 50 6 12 5 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 60 6 11 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latgalian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 2 64 6 11 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 56 10 12 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latvian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 56 10 12 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 56 10 12 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 53 8 10 4 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 2 64 6 11 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malayalam translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 56 7 13 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maltese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 3 63 5 13 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 56 10 12 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Nepali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 53 9 16 4 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 53 6 19 4 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 50 9 11 4 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 56 7 13 4 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 46 11 10 8 12 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 57 7 13 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 38 4 6 3 7 10 4 7 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 60 6 11 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 50 9 11 4 12 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 3 57 7 13 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sicilian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 58 5 11 4 12 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 60 6 11 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sundanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 2 35 4 8 3 9 9 4 7 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 56 10 12 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tajik translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 2 55 6 11 4 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 50 6 12 5 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 3 56 10 12 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Uzbek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 57 6 10 4 12 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 25 2 7 2 8 8 14 6 4 6 14",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Magnoliids",
"orig": "en:Magnoliids",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 20 2 21 1 7 5 17 4 3 4 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "en:Weapons",
"parents": [
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A long baton used by some drum majors to keep time and lead a marching band. If this baton is referred to as a mace, by convention it has a ceremonial often decorative head, which, if of metal, usually is hollow and sometimes intricately worked."
],
"id": "en-mace-en-noun-LXm6UzZT",
"links": [
[
"baton",
"baton"
],
[
"drum major",
"drum major"
],
[
"time",
"time"
],
[
"worked",
"worked"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:",
"text": "On the left were the Commons with their Speaker, attended by the mace. The southern door opened: and the Prince and Princess of Orange, side by side, entered, and took their place under the canopy of state.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An officer who carries a mace as a token of authority."
],
"id": "en-mace-en-noun-ziqWdRbg",
"links": [
[
"officer",
"officer"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 3 20 2 21 1 7 5 17 4 3 4 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "en:Weapons",
"parents": [
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1967, Harold B. Gill, Raymond R. Townsend, Thomas K. Ford, The Leatherworker in Eighteenth-Century Williamsburg:",
"text": "In the foreground one man uses the \"head knife” to work over the skin on the beam, while another softens a skin with the currier's mace.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A knobbed mallet used by curriers to make leather supple when dressing it."
],
"id": "en-mace-en-noun-vyHPYU2f",
"links": [
[
"mallet",
"mallet"
],
[
"currier",
"currier"
],
[
"supple",
"supple"
],
[
"dress",
"dress"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A billiard cue."
],
"id": "en-mace-en-noun-P80Aeg-1",
"links": [
[
"billiard",
"billiard"
],
[
"cue",
"cue"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A billiard cue."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/meɪs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mace.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg/En-us-mace.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mace"
],
"word": "mace"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mace"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mace",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "mace"
},
"expansion": "Old French mace",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "matia",
"4": "*mattia"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *mattia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "mazza"
},
"expansion": "Italian mazza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "maza"
},
"expansion": "Spanish maza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*mattjō",
"t": "cutting tool, hoe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *mattjō (“cutting tool, hoe”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English mace, borrowed from Old French mace, mache, from Vulgar Latin *mattia, *mattea, matia, (compare Italian mazza, Spanish maza), probably from Proto-West Germanic *mattjō (“cutting tool, hoe”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maces",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "macing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "maced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "maced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mace (third-person singular simple present maces, present participle macing, simple past and past participle maced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To hit someone or something with a mace."
],
"id": "en-mace-en-verb-E6FnW6Sm",
"links": [
[
"mace",
"mace#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "bludgeon"
},
{
"word": "celt"
},
{
"word": "twirling baton"
},
{
"word": "warclub"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/meɪs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mace.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg/En-us-mace.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mace"
],
"word": "mace"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "メース",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "meisu"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: メース (meisu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: メース (meisu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "메이스",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 메이스 (meiseu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 메이스 (meiseu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "meihi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Maori: meihi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Maori: meihi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mês",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: mês",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: mês"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "macir"
},
"expansion": "Latin macir",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "macir"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of macir",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English, from re-interpretation of macys as a plural (as with pea); from Latin macir. Doublet of macir.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "mace (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kannada translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maithili translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Marwari translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Middle English translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 19 2 5 1 28 6 13 5 3 4 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Spices",
"orig": "en:Spices",
"parents": [
"Spices and herbs",
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii], line 45:",
"text": "I must have saffron to color the warden pies; mace; dates, none -- that's out of my note; nutmegs, seven; a race or two of ginger, but that I may beg; four pounds of prunes, and as many of raisins o' th' sun.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A spice obtained from the outer layer of the kernel of the fruit of the nutmeg."
],
"id": "en-mace-en-noun-en:spice",
"links": [
[
"spice",
"spice"
],
[
"kernel",
"kernel"
],
[
"nutmeg",
"nutmeg"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:spice"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "foelie"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qišratu jawzi ṭ-ṭībi",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "قِشْرَةُ جَوْزِ الطِيبِ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "basbās",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "بَسْبَاس"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "macis",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мацис"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macís"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "muškátový květ"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "foelie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "muskottikukka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macis"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macis"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Macis"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "masís",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "μασίς"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jāvitrī",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "जावित्री"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jāvatrī",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "जावत्री"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "szerecsendió-virág"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "bunga pala"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "macis"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "meisu",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "メース"
},
{
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "jāpatre",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "ಜಾಪತ್ರೆ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "meiseu",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "메이스"
},
{
"code": "mai",
"lang": "Maithili",
"roman": "jāpatrī",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "जापत्री"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "bunga pala"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "kembang pala"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "meihi"
},
{
"code": "mwr",
"lang": "Marwari",
"roman": "jāvantrī",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "जावंतरी"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "macys"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "pust-e jowz-e hendi",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "پوست جوز هندی"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macis"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mácis",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма́цис"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "muskátnyj cvet",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "муска́тный цвет"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "muškatni cvijet"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macis"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "muškatni cvet"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macis"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "muskotblomma"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "cātikkāy",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "சாதிக்காய்"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "jātikkāy",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "ஜாதிக்காய்"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "topuz"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "mácys",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма́цис"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "muskátnyj cvit",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "муска́тний цвіт"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "muskátnyj kvit",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "муска́тний квіт"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "jāvitrī, jāvatrī",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "جاوتری"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mês"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/meɪs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mace.ogg",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mace"
],
"word": "mace"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "From the name of one brand of the spray, Mace. Pepper spray may be derived from cayenne pepper, but not from mace (etymology 2 above), which is a different spice; rather, it was named after the weapon (etymology 1).",
"forms": [
{
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"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "mace (countable and uncountable, plural maces)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021 December 10, Michael Levenson, “Self-Proclaimed Proud Boys Member Gets 10 Years for Violence at Portland Protests”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "[…] was sentenced on Friday to 10 years in prison for shooting a man in the eye with a paintball gun, spraying people in the face with bear mace and aiming a loaded handgun at a crowd, prosecutors said.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Tear gas or pepper spray, especially for personal use."
],
"id": "en-mace-en-noun-wJbDqmzZ",
"links": [
[
"Tear gas",
"tear gas"
],
[
"pepper spray",
"pepper spray"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tear gas and pepper spray",
"word": "pippurisumute"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "meisu",
"sense": "tear gas and pepper spray",
"word": "メイス"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "slezotočívyj gaz",
"sense": "tear gas and pepper spray",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слезоточи́вый газ"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tear gas and pepper spray",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "pepparsprej"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/meɪs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mace.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg/En-us-mace.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mace"
],
"word": "mace"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "From the name of one brand of the spray, Mace. Pepper spray may be derived from cayenne pepper, but not from mace (etymology 2 above), which is a different spice; rather, it was named after the weapon (etymology 1).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maces",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "macing",
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"present"
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},
{
"form": "maced",
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"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "maced",
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"past"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To spray in defense or attack with mace (pepper spray or tear gas) using a hand-held device."
],
"id": "en-mace-en-verb--v2bKkFx",
"links": [
[
"pepper spray",
"pepper spray"
],
[
"tear gas",
"tear gas"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 0 23 2 7 2 8 7 19 7 3 6 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 23 2 6 2 7 6 22 6 3 5 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hong Kong English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 20 2 21 1 7 5 17 4 3 4 10",
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"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
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"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1989, Carl Hiaasen, chapter 22, in Skin Tight, New York: Ballantine Books:",
"text": "When Reynaldo and Willie had burst into Larkey's drug store to confront him, the old man had maced Willie square in the eyes with an aerosol can of spermicidal birth-control foam.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To spray a similar noxious chemical in defense or attack using an available hand-held device such as an aerosol spray can."
],
"id": "en-mace-en-verb-0eh42bCT",
"links": [
[
"spray can",
"spray can"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) To spray a similar noxious chemical in defense or attack using an available hand-held device such as an aerosol spray can."
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/meɪs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mace.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg/En-us-mace.ogg.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
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],
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"Mace"
],
"word": "mace"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
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"args": {
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"2": "jv",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Javanese [Term?]",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ms",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay [Term?]",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Javanese [Term?] and Malay [Term?], meaning \"a bean\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mace (plural maces)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 0 23 2 7 2 8 7 19 7 3 6 14",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 23 2 6 2 7 6 22 6 3 5 15",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 20 2 21 1 7 5 17 4 3 4 10",
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],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An old money of account in China equal to one tenth of a tael."
],
"id": "en-mace-en-noun-1lnYBsiP",
"links": [
[
"money of account",
"money of account"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"tael",
"tael"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1883, Samuel Wells Williams, The Middle Kingdom: A Survey of the Geography, Government, Education, Social Life, Arts, Religion, &c., of the Chinese Empire and Its Inhabitants:",
"text": "The decimals of the tael, called mace, candareen, and cash (tsien, fǎn, and li) , are employed in reckoning bullion.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An old weight of 57.98 grains, approximately 3.8 grams."
],
"id": "en-mace-en-noun-XkcDor2e",
"links": [
[
"weight",
"weight"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
],
[
"gram",
"gram"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chee"
},
{
"word": "tsien"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/meɪs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mace.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg/En-us-mace.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mace"
],
"word": "mace"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English genericized trademarks",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Javanese",
"English terms borrowed from Malay",
"English terms derived from Javanese",
"English terms derived from Malay",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
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"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Nepali translations",
"Terms with Old Armenian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sundanese translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Magnoliids",
"en:Spices",
"en:Weapons"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "mace-bearer"
},
{
"word": "mace head"
},
{
"word": "reedmace"
},
{
"word": "sergeant at mace"
}
],
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"args": {
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},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "mace"
},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "matia",
"4": "*mattia"
},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "mazza"
},
"expansion": "Italian mazza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
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},
"expansion": "Spanish maza",
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},
{
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"2": "gmw-pro",
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"t": "cutting tool, hoe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *mattjō (“cutting tool, hoe”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English mace, borrowed from Old French mace, mache, from Vulgar Latin *mattia, *mattea, matia, (compare Italian mazza, Spanish maza), probably from Proto-West Germanic *mattjō (“cutting tool, hoe”).",
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]
}
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],
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"pos": "noun",
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"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
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{
"ref": "1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 51:",
"text": "The Mace is an ancient weapon, formerly much used by cavalry of all nations, and likewise by ecclesiastics, who in consequence of their tenures, frequently took the field, but were by a canon of the church forbidden to wield the sword.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A heavy fighting club."
],
"links": [
[
"club",
"club"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i], line 259:",
"text": "I am a king that find thee; and I know 'Tis not the balm, the sceptre, and the ball, The sword, the mace, the crown imperial, The intertissued robe of gold and pearl",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A ceremonial form of this weapon."
],
"links": [
[
"ceremonial",
"ceremonial"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A long baton used by some drum majors to keep time and lead a marching band. If this baton is referred to as a mace, by convention it has a ceremonial often decorative head, which, if of metal, usually is hollow and sometimes intricately worked."
],
"links": [
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],
[
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"drum major"
],
[
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"time"
],
[
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"worked"
]
]
},
{
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],
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{
"ref": "1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC:",
"text": "On the left were the Commons with their Speaker, attended by the mace. The southern door opened: and the Prince and Princess of Orange, side by side, entered, and took their place under the canopy of state.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An officer who carries a mace as a token of authority."
],
"links": [
[
"officer",
"officer"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1967, Harold B. Gill, Raymond R. Townsend, Thomas K. Ford, The Leatherworker in Eighteenth-Century Williamsburg:",
"text": "In the foreground one man uses the \"head knife” to work over the skin on the beam, while another softens a skin with the currier's mace.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A knobbed mallet used by curriers to make leather supple when dressing it."
],
"links": [
[
"mallet",
"mallet"
],
[
"currier",
"currier"
],
[
"supple",
"supple"
],
[
"dress",
"dress"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A billiard cue."
],
"links": [
[
"billiard",
"billiard"
],
[
"cue",
"cue"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A billiard cue."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
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"ipa": "/meɪs/",
"tags": [
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]
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg"
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{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
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],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "dabbūs",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "دَبُّوس"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "gurz",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "գուրզ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "laxt",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "լախտ"
},
{
"code": "xcl",
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"roman": "varz",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "վարզ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "toppuz"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "küśək",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "күҫәк"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "suqmar",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "суҡмар"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bulavá",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "булава́"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "pálica",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "па́ліца"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bozdugán",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "боздуга́н"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "topúz",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "топу́з"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maça"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chuí",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "錘 /锤"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "palcát"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "strijdknots"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "rautanuija"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "masse"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "masse d’armes"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maza"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Streitkolben"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apelatíki",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "απελατίκι"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "korúnē",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κορύνη"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Greek",
"raw_tags": [
"Byzantine Greek"
],
"roman": "apelatíkin",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ἀπελατίκιν"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "אלה"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "buzogány"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "gada"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "más"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mazza"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mazza d'armi"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "meisu",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "メイス"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "būzdyğan",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "бұздыған"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "meiseu",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "메이스"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "škynda"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "clava ferrea"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "vāle"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "buožė"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bozdogan",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "боздоган"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "topuz",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "топуз"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "cokmar"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "gada",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "ഗദ"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "debbus"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mazza"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "gaḍh",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "गढ"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "topuz",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "طوپوز"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gorz",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "گرز"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buzdygan"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maczuga"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "buława"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maça"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "buzdugan"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bulavá",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "булава́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pálica",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "па́лица"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "gadā",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "गदा"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "буздо̀ва̄н"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "то̀пуз"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "buzdòvān"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "tòpuz"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mazza"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maza"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maza de armas"
},
{
"code": "su",
"lang": "Sundanese",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "gegendir"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "klubba"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "gurz",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "гурз"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "topuz"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pálycja",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "па́лиця"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "bulavá",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "булава́"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "weapon",
"word": "gurzi"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "byrllysg"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "žezǎl",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "жезъл"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maça"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "žezlo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"word": "marssisauva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"word": "sauva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"word": "virkasauva"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "masse"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Amtsstab"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"word": "jogar"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"word": "gada"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mazza"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "meisu",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"word": "メイス"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"Mediaeval",
"feminine"
],
"word": "matia"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "žezol",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "жезол"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "žezlo",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "жезло"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"word": "cokmar"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "buława"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "maça"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žezl",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "жезл"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"neuter"
],
"word": "жѐзло"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "žèzlo"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "ceremonial form of this weapon",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "byrllysg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mace"
],
"word": "mace"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English genericized trademarks",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Javanese",
"English terms borrowed from Malay",
"English terms derived from Javanese",
"English terms derived from Malay",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Hong Kong English",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bashkir translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Nepali translations",
"Terms with Old Armenian translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Sicilian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Sundanese translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Magnoliids",
"en:Spices",
"en:Weapons"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "mace"
},
"expansion": "Middle English mace",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "mace"
},
"expansion": "Old French mace",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "matia",
"4": "*mattia"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *mattia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "mazza"
},
"expansion": "Italian mazza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "maza"
},
"expansion": "Spanish maza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*mattjō",
"t": "cutting tool, hoe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *mattjō (“cutting tool, hoe”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English mace, borrowed from Old French mace, mache, from Vulgar Latin *mattia, *mattea, matia, (compare Italian mazza, Spanish maza), probably from Proto-West Germanic *mattjō (“cutting tool, hoe”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maces",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "macing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "maced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "maced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mace (third-person singular simple present maces, present participle macing, simple past and past participle maced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "bludgeon"
},
{
"word": "celt"
},
{
"word": "twirling baton"
},
{
"word": "warclub"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To hit someone or something with a mace."
],
"links": [
[
"mace",
"mace#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/meɪs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mace.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg/En-us-mace.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mace"
],
"word": "mace"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English genericized trademarks",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Javanese",
"English terms borrowed from Malay",
"English terms derived from Javanese",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Malay",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Hong Kong English",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs/1 syllable",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kannada translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Maithili translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Marwari translations",
"Terms with Middle English translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Magnoliids",
"en:Spices",
"en:Weapons"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "メース",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "meisu"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese: メース (meisu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Japanese: メース (meisu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "메이스",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 메이스 (meiseu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Korean: 메이스 (meiseu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "meihi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Maori: meihi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Maori: meihi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mês",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: mês",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: mês"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "macir"
},
"expansion": "Latin macir",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "macir"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of macir",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English, from re-interpretation of macys as a plural (as with pea); from Latin macir. Doublet of macir.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "mace (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii], line 45:",
"text": "I must have saffron to color the warden pies; mace; dates, none -- that's out of my note; nutmegs, seven; a race or two of ginger, but that I may beg; four pounds of prunes, and as many of raisins o' th' sun.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A spice obtained from the outer layer of the kernel of the fruit of the nutmeg."
],
"links": [
[
"spice",
"spice"
],
[
"kernel",
"kernel"
],
[
"nutmeg",
"nutmeg"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:spice"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/meɪs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mace.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg/En-us-mace.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "foelie"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qišratu jawzi ṭ-ṭībi",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "قِشْرَةُ جَوْزِ الطِيبِ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "basbās",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "بَسْبَاس"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "macis",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мацис"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macís"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "muškátový květ"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "foelie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "muskottikukka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macis"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macis"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Macis"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "masís",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "μασίς"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jāvitrī",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "जावित्री"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "jāvatrī",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "जावत्री"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "szerecsendió-virág"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "bunga pala"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "macis"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "meisu",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "メース"
},
{
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"roman": "jāpatre",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "ಜಾಪತ್ರೆ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "meiseu",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "메이스"
},
{
"code": "mai",
"lang": "Maithili",
"roman": "jāpatrī",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "जापत्री"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "bunga pala"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "kembang pala"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "meihi"
},
{
"code": "mwr",
"lang": "Marwari",
"roman": "jāvantrī",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "जावंतरी"
},
{
"code": "enm",
"lang": "Middle English",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "macys"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "pust-e jowz-e hendi",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "پوست جوز هندی"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macis"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mácis",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма́цис"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "muskátnyj cvet",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "муска́тный цвет"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "muškatni cvijet"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "macis"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "muškatni cvet"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "macis"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "muskotblomma"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "cātikkāy",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "சாதிக்காய்"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "jātikkāy",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "ஜாதிக்காய்"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "topuz"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "mácys",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма́цис"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "muskátnyj cvit",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "муска́тний цвіт"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "muskátnyj kvit",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "муска́тний квіт"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "jāvitrī, jāvatrī",
"sense": "a spice",
"word": "جاوتری"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "a spice",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mês"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mace"
],
"word": "mace"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English genericized trademarks",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Javanese",
"English terms borrowed from Malay",
"English terms derived from Javanese",
"English terms derived from Malay",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Hong Kong English",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs/1 syllable",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Magnoliids",
"en:Spices",
"en:Weapons"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "From the name of one brand of the spray, Mace. Pepper spray may be derived from cayenne pepper, but not from mace (etymology 2 above), which is a different spice; rather, it was named after the weapon (etymology 1).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "mace (countable and uncountable, plural maces)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021 December 10, Michael Levenson, “Self-Proclaimed Proud Boys Member Gets 10 Years for Violence at Portland Protests”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:",
"text": "[…] was sentenced on Friday to 10 years in prison for shooting a man in the eye with a paintball gun, spraying people in the face with bear mace and aiming a loaded handgun at a crowd, prosecutors said.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Tear gas or pepper spray, especially for personal use."
],
"links": [
[
"Tear gas",
"tear gas"
],
[
"pepper spray",
"pepper spray"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/meɪs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mace.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg/En-us-mace.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "tear gas and pepper spray",
"word": "pippurisumute"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "meisu",
"sense": "tear gas and pepper spray",
"word": "メイス"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "slezotočívyj gaz",
"sense": "tear gas and pepper spray",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слезоточи́вый газ"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "tear gas and pepper spray",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "pepparsprej"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mace"
],
"word": "mace"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English genericized trademarks",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Javanese",
"English terms borrowed from Malay",
"English terms derived from Javanese",
"English terms derived from Malay",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Hong Kong English",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs/1 syllable",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:Magnoliids",
"en:Spices",
"en:Weapons"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "From the name of one brand of the spray, Mace. Pepper spray may be derived from cayenne pepper, but not from mace (etymology 2 above), which is a different spice; rather, it was named after the weapon (etymology 1).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maces",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "macing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "maced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "maced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mace (third-person singular simple present maces, present participle macing, simple past and past participle maced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To spray in defense or attack with mace (pepper spray or tear gas) using a hand-held device."
],
"links": [
[
"pepper spray",
"pepper spray"
],
[
"tear gas",
"tear gas"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1989, Carl Hiaasen, chapter 22, in Skin Tight, New York: Ballantine Books:",
"text": "When Reynaldo and Willie had burst into Larkey's drug store to confront him, the old man had maced Willie square in the eyes with an aerosol can of spermicidal birth-control foam.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To spray a similar noxious chemical in defense or attack using an available hand-held device such as an aerosol spray can."
],
"links": [
[
"spray can",
"spray can"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) To spray a similar noxious chemical in defense or attack using an available hand-held device such as an aerosol spray can."
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/meɪs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mace.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg/En-us-mace.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mace"
],
"word": "mace"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English genericized trademarks",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Javanese",
"English terms borrowed from Malay",
"English terms derived from Javanese",
"English terms derived from Malay",
"Hong Kong English",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪs/1 syllable",
"en:Magnoliids",
"en:Spices",
"en:Weapons"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "jv",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Javanese [Term?]",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ms",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Malay [Term?]",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Javanese [Term?] and Malay [Term?], meaning \"a bean\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "mace (plural maces)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An old money of account in China equal to one tenth of a tael."
],
"links": [
[
"money of account",
"money of account"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"tael",
"tael"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1883, Samuel Wells Williams, The Middle Kingdom: A Survey of the Geography, Government, Education, Social Life, Arts, Religion, &c., of the Chinese Empire and Its Inhabitants:",
"text": "The decimals of the tael, called mace, candareen, and cash (tsien, fǎn, and li) , are employed in reckoning bullion.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An old weight of 57.98 grains, approximately 3.8 grams."
],
"links": [
[
"weight",
"weight"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
],
[
"gram",
"gram"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "chee"
},
{
"word": "tsien"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/meɪs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mace.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg/En-us-mace.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/En-us-mace.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪs"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mace"
],
"word": "mace"
}
Download raw JSONL data for mace meaning in English (36.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.