See hone in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for hone meaning in English (28.0kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hone slate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hone stone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Turkey hone"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hon",
"gloss": "whetstone"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hon (“whetstone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hān"
},
"expansion": "Old English hān",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hainō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hainō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "heen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch heen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hein"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian hein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱeh₃i-",
"t": "to sharpen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₃i- (“to sharpen”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κῶνος",
"t": "cone"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos, “cone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "سان",
"t": "whetstone",
"tr": "sân"
},
"expansion": "Persian سان (sân, “whetstone”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hon (“whetstone”), from Old English hān, from Proto-Germanic *hainō (compare Dutch heen, Norwegian hein), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₃i- (“to sharpen”) (compare Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos, “cone”), Persian سان (sân, “whetstone”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hones",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hone (plural hones)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 30 36 3 1 2 2 4 7 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sharpening stone composed of extra-fine grit used for removing the burr or curl from the blade of a razor or some other edge tool."
],
"id": "en-hone-en-noun-4qRj0Myw",
"links": [
[
"sharpen",
"sharpen"
],
[
"stone",
"stone"
],
[
"grit",
"grit"
],
[
"burr",
"burr"
],
[
"curl",
"curl"
],
[
"blade",
"blade"
],
[
"razor",
"razor"
],
[
"edge tool",
"edge tool"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "bülöv"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "bülöv daşı"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "točilo",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "точило"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "brus",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "брус"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "esmoladora"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "módāoshí",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "磨刀石"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brousek"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brus"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "slibesten"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "slijpsteen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "wetsteen"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "akrigilo"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "liippakivi"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "pierre à aiguiser"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schleifstein"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Wetzstein"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "akónē",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἀκόνη"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "thēgánē",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "θηγάνη"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mola"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cote"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"alt": "といし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toishi",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "砥石"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cōs"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sinniena"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bileği",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "بلگو"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "osełka"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mó"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afiadeira"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oselók",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "осело́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "točilʹnyj kámenʹ",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "точильный ка́мень"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "brusók",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "брусо́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "asperón"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afiladera"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aguzadera"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amoladera"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "muela"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bryne"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "brynsten"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "cāṇai",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "சாணை"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "bileği"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "brus",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "брус"
},
{
"_dis1": "78 22",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "oslá",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "осла́"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 30 36 3 1 2 2 4 7 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A machine tool used in the manufacture of precision bores."
],
"id": "en-hone-en-noun-dL23yvkS",
"links": [
[
"machine tool",
"machine tool"
],
[
"bores",
"bore"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "honing mašina",
"sense": "machine tool",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хонинг машина"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "machine tool",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bruska"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "machine tool",
"word": "hoonaustyökalu"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "machine tool",
"word": "laahintatyökalu"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xon",
"sense": "machine tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хон"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hoʊn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/həʊn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-hone.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg/En-us-hone.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:hone"
],
"word": "hone"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "on",
"tags": [
"proscribed"
],
"word": "hone in"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hon",
"gloss": "whetstone"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hon (“whetstone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hān"
},
"expansion": "Old English hān",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hainō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hainō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "heen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch heen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hein"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian hein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱeh₃i-",
"t": "to sharpen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₃i- (“to sharpen”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κῶνος",
"t": "cone"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos, “cone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "سان",
"t": "whetstone",
"tr": "sân"
},
"expansion": "Persian سان (sân, “whetstone”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hon (“whetstone”), from Old English hān, from Proto-Germanic *hainō (compare Dutch heen, Norwegian hein), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₃i- (“to sharpen”) (compare Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos, “cone”), Persian سان (sân, “whetstone”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hones",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "honing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "honed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "honed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hone (third-person singular simple present hones, present participle honing, simple past and past participle honed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "grit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "sandpaper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "steel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "strop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "swarf"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To sharpen with a hone; to whet."
],
"id": "en-hone-en-verb-RNKcBNnz",
"links": [
[
"sharpen",
"sharpen"
],
[
"whet",
"whet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To sharpen with a hone; to whet."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "bülövləmək"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "toča",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "точа"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "esmolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "gvtliha",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "ᎬᏟᎭ"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "礪"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lì",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "砺"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mó",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "磨"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ostřit"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "naostřit"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "brousit"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "nabrousit"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "skærpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "aanzetten"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "slijpen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "scherp maken"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "akrigi"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "liipata"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "aiguiser"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "honen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "feinschleifen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "ziehschleifen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lacharótz",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "לַחֲרוֹץ"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "fen"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "hiuttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "kirahuttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "affilare"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "molare"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "arrotare"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "affinare"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"alt": "とぐ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "togu",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "研ぐ"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"alt": "とぎすます",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "togisumasu",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "研ぎ澄ます"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑɑsɑngkuət",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "សង្កួត"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "oroi"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "whakaratarata"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "amolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "afiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ottáčivatʹ",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отта́чивать"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "točítʹ",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "точи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zatáčivatʹ",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "зата́чивать"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "naostriť"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "vybrúsiť"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "nabrúsiť"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "afilar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "aguzar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "amolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "bryna"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "slipa"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "skärpa"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 5 2 0",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "shlayfn",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "שלײַפֿן"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To use a hone to produce a precision bore."
],
"id": "en-hone-en-verb-euRTeOwj",
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"precision",
"precision"
],
[
"bore",
"bore"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To use a hone to produce a precision bore."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "14 77 6 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to produce a precision bore with a hone",
"word": "kalibrere"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 77 6 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to produce a precision bore with a hone",
"word": "kalibreren"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 77 6 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to produce a precision bore with a hone",
"word": "hoonata"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 77 6 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to produce a precision bore with a hone",
"word": "laahia"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 77 6 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xoningovátʹ",
"sense": "to produce a precision bore with a hone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "хонингова́ть"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2023 August 23, David E Norris, “Joseph Locke: a railway injustice...”, in RAIL, number 990, page 56",
"text": "He also honed the procedure known as cut and fill - whereby the spoil from railway cuttings was used to build up embankments.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, “Revenge”, CaptainSparklez (lyrics), Doc Exx (music), performed by TryHardNinja, parody of Usher's DJ Got Us Fallin' In Love",
"text": "Huh? Training in your room under the torchlight / Hone that form to get you ready for the big fight",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To refine or master (a skill)."
],
"id": "en-hone-en-verb-52PQshmV",
"links": [
[
"refine",
"refine"
],
[
"master",
"master"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To refine or master (a skill)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "esmolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "pilovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "vybrousit"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "finslibe"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "vervolmaken"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "vervolledigen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "hioa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "perfectionner"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "affiner"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "affuter"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "ausfeilen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "ausschleifen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "affinare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "doskonalić"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "esmerar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "aperfeiçoar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ottáčivatʹ",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отта́чивать"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "vycibriť"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "cizelovať"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "zdokonaliť"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "perfeccionar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "finslipa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 98 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "finputsa"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To make more acute, intense, or effective."
],
"id": "en-hone-en-verb-8OjMctZ7",
"links": [
[
"acute",
"acute"
],
[
"intense",
"intense"
],
[
"effective",
"effective"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "natočvam",
"sense": "to make more acute, intense or effective",
"word": "наточвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to make more acute, intense or effective",
"word": "forfine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make more acute, intense or effective",
"word": "verfijnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make more acute, intense or effective",
"word": "hioa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 1 1 98",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make more acute, intense or effective",
"word": "esmerar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hoʊn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/həʊn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-hone.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg/En-us-hone.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:hone"
],
"word": "hone"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hnúður"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hnúður",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "knot"
},
"expansion": "knot",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Icelandic hnúður. Distantly related to knot.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hones",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hone (plural hones)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "honewort"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A kind of swelling in the cheek."
],
"id": "en-hone-en-noun-gzwc2tKd",
"links": [
[
"swelling",
"swelling"
],
[
"cheek",
"cheek"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hoʊn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/həʊn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-hone.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg/En-us-hone.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:hone"
],
"word": "hone"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "hogner",
"4": "",
"5": "to grumble"
},
"expansion": "French hogner (“to grumble”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "honnir",
"t": "to disgrace, shame"
},
"expansion": "honnir (“to disgrace, shame”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grogner",
"t": "to grunt"
},
"expansion": "grogner (“to grunt”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "French hogner (“to grumble”), which could be a cross of honnir (“to disgrace, shame”) and grogner (“to grunt”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hones",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "honing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "honed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "honed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hone (third-person singular simple present hones, present participle honing, simple past and past participle honed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern US English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1515–1516, published 1568, John Skelton, Againſt venemous tongues enpoyſoned with ſclaunder and falſe detractions &c.",
"roman": "Hoyning like hogges that groynis and wrotes.",
"text": "Such tunges ſhuld be torne out by the harde rootes,"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To grumble."
],
"id": "en-hone-en-verb-c6fNgxbk",
"links": [
[
"grumble",
"grumble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, US, Southern US, dialect, intransitive) To grumble."
],
"tags": [
"Southern-US",
"UK",
"US",
"dialectal",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "American English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern US English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 30 36 3 1 2 2 4 7 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To pine, lament, or long."
],
"id": "en-hone-en-verb-fWJ-69ku",
"links": [
[
"pine",
"pine"
],
[
"lament",
"lament"
],
[
"long",
"long"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, US, Southern US, dialect) To pine, lament, or long."
],
"tags": [
"Southern-US",
"UK",
"US",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hoʊn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/həʊn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-hone.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg/En-us-hone.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:hone"
],
"word": "hone"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hone",
"name": "en-interj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1836, Joanna Baillie, Witchcraft, Act 4, page 141",
"text": "Oh, hone! oh, hone! miserable wretch that I am! Do ye mak confession for me, Sir, and I'll say 't after you, as weel as I dow. Oh, hone! oh, hone!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of alas Used to express sorrow, or grief"
],
"id": "en-hone-en-intj-nDY07et6",
"links": [
[
"alas",
"alas#English"
],
[
"express",
"express#English"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow#English"
],
[
"grief",
"grief#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "alas Used to express sorrow"
},
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "or grief"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hoʊn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/həʊn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-hone.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg/En-us-hone.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:hone"
],
"word": "hone"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/əʊn",
"Rhymes:English/əʊn/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hone slate"
},
{
"word": "hone stone"
},
{
"word": "Turkey hone"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hon",
"gloss": "whetstone"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hon (“whetstone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hān"
},
"expansion": "Old English hān",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hainō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hainō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "heen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch heen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hein"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian hein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱeh₃i-",
"t": "to sharpen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₃i- (“to sharpen”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κῶνος",
"t": "cone"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos, “cone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "سان",
"t": "whetstone",
"tr": "sân"
},
"expansion": "Persian سان (sân, “whetstone”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hon (“whetstone”), from Old English hān, from Proto-Germanic *hainō (compare Dutch heen, Norwegian hein), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₃i- (“to sharpen”) (compare Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos, “cone”), Persian سان (sân, “whetstone”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hones",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hone (plural hones)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A sharpening stone composed of extra-fine grit used for removing the burr or curl from the blade of a razor or some other edge tool."
],
"links": [
[
"sharpen",
"sharpen"
],
[
"stone",
"stone"
],
[
"grit",
"grit"
],
[
"burr",
"burr"
],
[
"curl",
"curl"
],
[
"blade",
"blade"
],
[
"razor",
"razor"
],
[
"edge tool",
"edge tool"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A machine tool used in the manufacture of precision bores."
],
"links": [
[
"machine tool",
"machine tool"
],
[
"bores",
"bore"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hoʊn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/həʊn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-hone.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg/En-us-hone.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "bülöv"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "bülöv daşı"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "točilo",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "точило"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "brus",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "брус"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "esmoladora"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "módāoshí",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "磨刀石"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brousek"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brus"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "slibesten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "slijpsteen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "wetsteen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "akrigilo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "liippakivi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "pierre à aiguiser"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schleifstein"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Wetzstein"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "akónē",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἀκόνη"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "thēgánē",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "θηγάνη"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mola"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cote"
},
{
"alt": "といし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "toishi",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "砥石"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cōs"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sinniena"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "bileği",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "بلگو"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "osełka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mó"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afiadeira"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oselók",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "осело́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "točilʹnyj kámenʹ",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "точильный ка́мень"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "brusók",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "брусо́к"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "asperón"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afiladera"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aguzadera"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "amoladera"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "muela"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bryne"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "brynsten"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "cāṇai",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "சாணை"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "bileği"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "brus",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "брус"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "oslá",
"sense": "sharpening stone",
"word": "осла́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "honing mašina",
"sense": "machine tool",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "хонинг машина"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "machine tool",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bruska"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "machine tool",
"word": "hoonaustyökalu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "machine tool",
"word": "laahintatyökalu"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xon",
"sense": "machine tool",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хон"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:hone"
],
"word": "hone"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/əʊn",
"Rhymes:English/əʊn/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "on",
"tags": [
"proscribed"
],
"word": "hone in"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hon",
"gloss": "whetstone"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hon (“whetstone”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "hān"
},
"expansion": "Old English hān",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hainō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hainō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "heen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch heen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "hein"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian hein",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱeh₃i-",
"t": "to sharpen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₃i- (“to sharpen”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κῶνος",
"t": "cone"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos, “cone”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "سان",
"t": "whetstone",
"tr": "sân"
},
"expansion": "Persian سان (sân, “whetstone”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hon (“whetstone”), from Old English hān, from Proto-Germanic *hainō (compare Dutch heen, Norwegian hein), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₃i- (“to sharpen”) (compare Ancient Greek κῶνος (kônos, “cone”), Persian سان (sân, “whetstone”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hones",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "honing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "honed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "honed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hone (third-person singular simple present hones, present participle honing, simple past and past participle honed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "grit"
},
{
"word": "sandpaper"
},
{
"word": "steel"
},
{
"word": "strop"
},
{
"word": "swarf"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To sharpen with a hone; to whet."
],
"links": [
[
"sharpen",
"sharpen"
],
[
"whet",
"whet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To sharpen with a hone; to whet."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To use a hone to produce a precision bore."
],
"links": [
[
"produce",
"produce"
],
[
"precision",
"precision"
],
[
"bore",
"bore"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To use a hone to produce a precision bore."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2023 August 23, David E Norris, “Joseph Locke: a railway injustice...”, in RAIL, number 990, page 56",
"text": "He also honed the procedure known as cut and fill - whereby the spoil from railway cuttings was used to build up embankments.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, “Revenge”, CaptainSparklez (lyrics), Doc Exx (music), performed by TryHardNinja, parody of Usher's DJ Got Us Fallin' In Love",
"text": "Huh? Training in your room under the torchlight / Hone that form to get you ready for the big fight",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To refine or master (a skill)."
],
"links": [
[
"refine",
"refine"
],
[
"master",
"master"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To refine or master (a skill)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To make more acute, intense, or effective."
],
"links": [
[
"acute",
"acute"
],
[
"intense",
"intense"
],
[
"effective",
"effective"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hoʊn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/həʊn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-hone.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg/En-us-hone.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "bülövləmək"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "toča",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "точа"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "esmolar"
},
{
"code": "chr",
"lang": "Cherokee",
"roman": "gvtliha",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "ᎬᏟᎭ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "礪"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lì",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "砺"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mó",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "磨"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ostřit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "naostřit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "brousit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "nabrousit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "skærpe"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "aanzetten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "slijpen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "scherp maken"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "akrigi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "liipata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "aiguiser"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "honen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "feinschleifen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "ziehschleifen"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "lacharótz",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "לַחֲרוֹץ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "fen"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "hiuttaa"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "kirahuttaa"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "affilare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "molare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "arrotare"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "affinare"
},
{
"alt": "とぐ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "togu",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "研ぐ"
},
{
"alt": "とぎすます",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "togisumasu",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "研ぎ澄ます"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑɑsɑngkuət",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "សង្កួត"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "oroi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "whakaratarata"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "amolar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "afiar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ottáčivatʹ",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отта́чивать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "točítʹ",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "точи́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zatáčivatʹ",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "зата́чивать"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "naostriť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "vybrúsiť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "nabrúsiť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "afilar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "aguzar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "amolar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "bryna"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "slipa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "skärpa"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "shlayfn",
"sense": "to sharpen with a hone",
"word": "שלײַפֿן"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to produce a precision bore with a hone",
"word": "kalibrere"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to produce a precision bore with a hone",
"word": "kalibreren"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to produce a precision bore with a hone",
"word": "hoonata"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to produce a precision bore with a hone",
"word": "laahia"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xoningovátʹ",
"sense": "to produce a precision bore with a hone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "хонингова́ть"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "esmolar"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "pilovat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "vybrousit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "finslibe"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "vervolmaken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "vervolledigen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "hioa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "perfectionner"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "affiner"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "affuter"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "ausfeilen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "ausschleifen"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "affinare"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "doskonalić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "esmerar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "aperfeiçoar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ottáčivatʹ",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "отта́чивать"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "vycibriť"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "cizelovať"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "zdokonaliť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "perfeccionar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "finslipa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to refine or master a skill",
"word": "finputsa"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "natočvam",
"sense": "to make more acute, intense or effective",
"word": "наточвам"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to make more acute, intense or effective",
"word": "forfine"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to make more acute, intense or effective",
"word": "verfijnen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make more acute, intense or effective",
"word": "hioa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make more acute, intense or effective",
"word": "esmerar"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:hone"
],
"word": "hone"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/əʊn",
"Rhymes:English/əʊn/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "honewort"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hnúður"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hnúður",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "knot"
},
"expansion": "knot",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Icelandic hnúður. Distantly related to knot.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hones",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hone (plural hones)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A kind of swelling in the cheek."
],
"links": [
[
"swelling",
"swelling"
],
[
"cheek",
"cheek"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hoʊn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/həʊn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-hone.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg/En-us-hone.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:hone"
],
"word": "hone"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English undefined derivations",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/əʊn",
"Rhymes:English/əʊn/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "hogner",
"4": "",
"5": "to grumble"
},
"expansion": "French hogner (“to grumble”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "honnir",
"t": "to disgrace, shame"
},
"expansion": "honnir (“to disgrace, shame”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grogner",
"t": "to grunt"
},
"expansion": "grogner (“to grunt”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "French hogner (“to grumble”), which could be a cross of honnir (“to disgrace, shame”) and grogner (“to grunt”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hones",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "honing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "honed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "honed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hone (third-person singular simple present hones, present participle honing, simple past and past participle honed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English intransitive verbs",
"Southern US English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1515–1516, published 1568, John Skelton, Againſt venemous tongues enpoyſoned with ſclaunder and falſe detractions &c.",
"roman": "Hoyning like hogges that groynis and wrotes.",
"text": "Such tunges ſhuld be torne out by the harde rootes,"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To grumble."
],
"links": [
[
"grumble",
"grumble"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, US, Southern US, dialect, intransitive) To grumble."
],
"tags": [
"Southern-US",
"UK",
"US",
"dialectal",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"Southern US English"
],
"glosses": [
"To pine, lament, or long."
],
"links": [
[
"pine",
"pine"
],
[
"lament",
"lament"
],
[
"long",
"long"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, US, Southern US, dialect) To pine, lament, or long."
],
"tags": [
"Southern-US",
"UK",
"US",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hoʊn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/həʊn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-hone.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg/En-us-hone.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:hone"
],
"word": "hone"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English interjections",
"English lemmas",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/əʊn",
"Rhymes:English/əʊn/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hone",
"name": "en-interj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "intj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1836, Joanna Baillie, Witchcraft, Act 4, page 141",
"text": "Oh, hone! oh, hone! miserable wretch that I am! Do ye mak confession for me, Sir, and I'll say 't after you, as weel as I dow. Oh, hone! oh, hone!",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of alas Used to express sorrow, or grief"
],
"links": [
[
"alas",
"alas#English"
],
[
"express",
"express#English"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow#English"
],
[
"grief",
"grief#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "alas Used to express sorrow"
},
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "or grief"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/hoʊn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/həʊn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-hone.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg/En-us-hone.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/En-us-hone.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"en:hone"
],
"word": "hone"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.