See hardness in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"word": "softness"
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{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 38:37–38:",
"text": "Who can number the cloudes in wiſedom? or who can ſtay the bottles of heauen, / When the duſt groweeh^([sic – meaning groweth]) into hardneſſe and the clods cleaue faſt together?",
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{
"_dis1": "61 27 2 2 4 1 3",
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{
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"word": "katigasan"
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"word": "ความแข็ง"
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"Terms with Walloon translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hardness of hearing"
},
{
"word": "Knoop hardness"
},
{
"word": "macrohardness"
},
{
"word": "microhardness"
},
{
"word": "total hardness"
},
{
"word": "Vickers hardness"
},
{
"word": "water hardness"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hardness"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hardness",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "heardnes"
},
"expansion": "Old English heardnes",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hard",
"3": "ness"
},
"expansion": "hard + -ness",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hardness, hardnesse, from Old English heardnes, from heard + -nes. Equivalent to hard + -ness.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hardnesses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "hardness (countable and uncountable, plural hardnesses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "physical property"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"hard‧ness"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "metallicness"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "rockiness"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "stoniness"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "hardiness"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "bone"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "cement"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "concrete"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "crystal"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "oak"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "metal"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "iron"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "steel"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "rock"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "stone"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "diamond"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "flint"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "granite"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "marble"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "hard"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "harden"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Job 38:37–38:",
"text": "Who can number the cloudes in wiſedom? or who can ſtay the bottles of heauen, / When the duſt groweeh^([sic – meaning groweth]) into hardneſſe and the clods cleaue faſt together?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The quality of being hard."
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An instance of this quality; hardship."
],
"links": [
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Inorganic chemistry"
],
"glosses": [
"The quantity of calcium carbonate dissolved in water, usually expressed in parts per million (ppm)."
],
"links": [
[
"inorganic chemistry",
"inorganic chemistry"
],
[
"calcium carbonate",
"calcium carbonate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(inorganic chemistry) The quantity of calcium carbonate dissolved in water, usually expressed in parts per million (ppm)."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"inorganic-chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The resistance to scratching, cutting, indentation or abrasion of a metal or other solid material."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Physics"
],
"glosses": [
"The penetrating ability of electromagnetic radiation, such as x-rays; generally, the shorter the wavelength, the harder and more penetrating the radiation."
],
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) The penetrating ability of electromagnetic radiation, such as x-rays; generally, the shorter the wavelength, the harder and more penetrating the radiation."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The measure of resistance to damage of a facility, equipment, installation, or telecommunications infrastructure when subjected to attack."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Engineering"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The hardness of the material was high.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A measure of how hard a material is"
],
"links": [
[
"engineering",
"engineering#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable, engineering) A measure of how hard a material is"
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "härdʹnəs",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑɹdnəs/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑːdnəs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-hardness.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/En-us-hardness.ogg/En-us-hardness.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/En-us-hardness.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "hardnesse"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "callosity"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "durity"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "firmness"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "hardness"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "induration"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "inflexibility"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "rigidity"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "renitence"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "renitency"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "stiffness"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
"word": "temper"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "tvǎrdost",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "твърдост"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izdrǎžlivost",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "издръжливост"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duresa"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tvrdost"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hardheid"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dureté"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "durece"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dureza"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Härte"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "sklērótēs",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σκληρότης"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"word": "keménység"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"word": "hardeso"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "durezza"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dūritās"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cietība"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kāṭhinyaṁ",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"word": "കാഠിന്യം"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "hardhet"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duretat"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dureza"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"word": "sinchi"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "tvjórdostʹ",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "твёрдость"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "duresa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "dureza"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"word": "hårdhet"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"word": "katigasan"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "kwaam-kɛ̌ng",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"word": "ความแข็ง"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"word": "zorluk"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "quality of being hard",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "durté"
}
],
"word": "hardness"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hardness meaning in English (10.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.