"hardness" meaning in All languages combined

See hardness on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈhɑɹdnəs/ [General-American], /ˈhɑːdnəs/ [Received-Pronunciation] Audio: en-us-hardness.ogg [US] Forms: hardnesses [plural]
enPR: härdʹnəs Etymology: From Middle English hardness, hardnesse, from Old English heardness, from heard + -ness. Equivalent to hard + -ness. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|hardness}} Middle English hardness, {{m|enm|hardnesse}} hardnesse, {{inh|en|ang|heardness}} Old English heardness, {{m|ang|heard}} heard, {{m|ang|-ness}} -ness, {{suffix|en|hard|ness}} hard + -ness Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} hardness (countable and uncountable, plural hardnesses)
  1. The quality of being hard. Tags: countable, uncountable Translations (quality of being hard): σκληρότης (sklērótēs) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), твърдост (tvǎrdost) [feminine] (Bulgarian), издръжливост (izdrǎžlivost) [feminine] (Bulgarian), duresa [feminine] (Catalan), tvrdost [feminine] (Czech), hardheid [feminine] (Dutch), dureté [feminine] (French), durece [feminine] (Friulian), dureza [feminine] (Galician), Härte [feminine] (German), keménység (Hungarian), hardeso (Ido), durezza [feminine] (Italian), dūritās [feminine] (Latin), cietība [feminine] (Latvian), കാഠിന്യം (kāṭhinyaṁ) (Malayalam), hardhet [feminine, masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), duretat [feminine] (Occitan), dureza [feminine] (Portuguese), sinchi (Quechua), твёрдость (tvjórdostʹ) [feminine] (Russian), duresa [feminine] (Sardinian), dureza [feminine] (Spanish), hårdhet (Swedish), katigasan (Tagalog), ความแข็ง (kwaam-kɛ̌ng) (Thai), zorluk (Turkish), durté [feminine] (Walloon)
    Sense id: en-hardness-en-noun-0afC4KDF Disambiguation of 'quality of being hard': 60 26 4 2 4 1 3
  2. An instance of this quality; hardship. Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-hardness-en-noun-7qnRJU7X
  3. (inorganic chemistry) The quantity of calcium carbonate dissolved in water, usually expressed in parts per million (ppm). Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Inorganic chemistry
    Sense id: en-hardness-en-noun-jo40pl3o Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 7 6 35 3 34 7 7 Topics: chemistry, inorganic-chemistry, natural-sciences, physical-sciences
  4. The resistance to scratching, cutting, indentation or abrasion of a metal or other solid material. Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-hardness-en-noun-xSqQNf75
  5. (physics) The penetrating ability of electromagnetic radiation, such as x-rays; generally, the shorter the wavelength, the harder and more penetrating the radiation. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Physics
    Sense id: en-hardness-en-noun-Kd3l7ItA Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ness Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 7 6 35 3 34 7 7 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ness: 12 9 26 4 36 8 6 Topics: natural-sciences, physical-sciences, physics
  6. The measure of resistance to damage of a facility, equipment, installation, or telecommunications infrastructure when subjected to attack. Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-hardness-en-noun-PZeifwoQ
  7. (countable, engineering) A measure of how hard a material is Tags: countable Categories (topical): Engineering
    Sense id: en-hardness-en-noun-iSuiDlHV Topics: engineering, natural-sciences, physical-sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Hypernyms: physical property Hyponyms: metallicness, rockiness, stoniness Derived forms: hardness of hearing, Knoop hardness, macrohardness, microhardness, total hardness, Vickers hardness, water hardness

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for hardness meaning in All languages combined (11.5kB)

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "softness"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hardness of hearing"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Knoop hardness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "macrohardness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "microhardness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "total hardness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Vickers hardness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "water hardness"
    }
  ],
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      "args": {
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        "2": "hardnesse"
      },
      "expansion": "hardnesse",
      "name": "m"
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    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "ang",
        "3": "heardness"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English heardness",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "heard"
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      "expansion": "heard",
      "name": "m"
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    {
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        "2": "-ness"
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      "expansion": "-ness",
      "name": "m"
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    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "hard",
        "3": "ness"
      },
      "expansion": "hard + -ness",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English hardness, hardnesse, from Old English heardness, from heard + -ness. Equivalent to hard + -ness.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hardnesses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
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      "args": {
        "1": "~"
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      "expansion": "hardness (countable and uncountable, plural hardnesses)",
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  "hypernyms": [
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "metallicness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "rockiness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "stoniness"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hardiness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "bone"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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      "word": "cement"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "concrete"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "crystal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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      "word": "oak"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "metal"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "iron"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "steel"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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      "word": "rock"
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    {
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      "word": "stone"
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    {
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      "word": "diamond"
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    {
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      "word": "flint"
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    {
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      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "granite"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
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      "word": "marble"
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    {
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      "word": "hard"
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      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "harden"
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      "glosses": [
        "The quality of being hard."
      ],
      "id": "en-hardness-en-noun-0afC4KDF",
      "links": [
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          "hard",
          "hard"
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      "tags": [
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      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "tvǎrdost",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "твърдост"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "izdrǎžlivost",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "издръжливост"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "duresa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "tvrdost"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "hardheid"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dureté"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "fur",
          "lang": "Friulian",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "durece"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dureza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Härte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "sklērótēs",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "σκληρότης"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "word": "keménység"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "word": "hardeso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "durezza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dūritās"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cietība"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "ml",
          "lang": "Malayalam",
          "roman": "kāṭhinyaṁ",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "word": "കാഠിന്യം"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "hardhet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "duretat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dureza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "qu",
          "lang": "Quechua",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "word": "sinchi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "tvjórdostʹ",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "твёрдость"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "sc",
          "lang": "Sardinian",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "duresa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "dureza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "word": "hårdhet"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "word": "katigasan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "kwaam-kɛ̌ng",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "word": "ความแข็ง"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "word": "zorluk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "60 26 4 2 4 1 3",
          "code": "wa",
          "lang": "Walloon",
          "sense": "quality of being hard",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "durté"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An instance of this quality; hardship."
      ],
      "id": "en-hardness-en-noun-7qnRJU7X",
      "links": [
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          "hardship"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Inorganic chemistry",
          "orig": "en:Inorganic chemistry",
          "parents": [
            "Chemistry",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 6 35 3 34 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The quantity of calcium carbonate dissolved in water, usually expressed in parts per million (ppm)."
      ],
      "id": "en-hardness-en-noun-jo40pl3o",
      "links": [
        [
          "inorganic chemistry",
          "inorganic chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "calcium carbonate",
          "calcium carbonate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(inorganic chemistry) The quantity of calcium carbonate dissolved in water, usually expressed in parts per million (ppm)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "inorganic-chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The resistance to scratching, cutting, indentation or abrasion of a metal or other solid material."
      ],
      "id": "en-hardness-en-noun-xSqQNf75",
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
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          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Physics",
          "orig": "en:Physics",
          "parents": [
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            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
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        },
        {
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          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ness",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The penetrating ability of electromagnetic radiation, such as x-rays; generally, the shorter the wavelength, the harder and more penetrating the radiation."
      ],
      "id": "en-hardness-en-noun-Kd3l7ItA",
      "links": [
        [
          "physics",
          "physics"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(physics) The penetrating ability of electromagnetic radiation, such as x-rays; generally, the shorter the wavelength, the harder and more penetrating the radiation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "physics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The measure of resistance to damage of a facility, equipment, installation, or telecommunications infrastructure when subjected to attack."
      ],
      "id": "en-hardness-en-noun-PZeifwoQ",
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Engineering",
          "orig": "en:Engineering",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Technology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The hardness of the material was high.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A measure of how hard a material is"
      ],
      "id": "en-hardness-en-noun-iSuiDlHV",
      "links": [
        [
          "engineering",
          "engineering#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, engineering) A measure of how hard a material is"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɑɹdnəs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɑːdnəs/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-hardness.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/En-us-hardness.ogg/En-us-hardness.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/En-us-hardness.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "härdʹnəs"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "hardnesse"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "callosity"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "durity"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "firmness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "hardness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "induration"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "inflexibility"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "rigidity"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "renitence"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "renitency"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "stiffness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "temper"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hardness"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "softness"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms suffixed with -ness",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "hardness of hearing"
    },
    {
      "word": "Knoop hardness"
    },
    {
      "word": "macrohardness"
    },
    {
      "word": "microhardness"
    },
    {
      "word": "total hardness"
    },
    {
      "word": "Vickers hardness"
    },
    {
      "word": "water hardness"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "hardness"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English hardness",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "hardnesse"
      },
      "expansion": "hardnesse",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "heardness"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English heardness",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "heard"
      },
      "expansion": "heard",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "-ness"
      },
      "expansion": "-ness",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hard",
        "3": "ness"
      },
      "expansion": "hard + -ness",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English hardness, hardnesse, from Old English heardness, from heard + -ness. Equivalent to hard + -ness.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hardnesses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "hardness (countable and uncountable, plural hardnesses)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hypernyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "physical property"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "hard‧ness"
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "metallicness"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "rockiness"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "stoniness"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "hardiness"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "bone"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "cement"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "concrete"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "crystal"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "oak"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "metal"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "iron"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "steel"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "rock"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "stone"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "diamond"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "flint"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "granite"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "marble"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "hard"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "harden"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The quality of being hard."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An instance of this quality; hardship."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hardship",
          "hardship"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Inorganic chemistry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The quantity of calcium carbonate dissolved in water, usually expressed in parts per million (ppm)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "inorganic chemistry",
          "inorganic chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "calcium carbonate",
          "calcium carbonate"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(inorganic chemistry) The quantity of calcium carbonate dissolved in water, usually expressed in parts per million (ppm)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "chemistry",
        "inorganic-chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The resistance to scratching, cutting, indentation or abrasion of a metal or other solid material."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Physics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The penetrating ability of electromagnetic radiation, such as x-rays; generally, the shorter the wavelength, the harder and more penetrating the radiation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "physics",
          "physics"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(physics) The penetrating ability of electromagnetic radiation, such as x-rays; generally, the shorter the wavelength, the harder and more penetrating the radiation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "physics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The measure of resistance to damage of a facility, equipment, installation, or telecommunications infrastructure when subjected to attack."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "en:Engineering"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The hardness of the material was high.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A measure of how hard a material is"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "engineering",
          "engineering#Noun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable, engineering) A measure of how hard a material is"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "engineering",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɑɹdnəs/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɑːdnəs/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-hardness.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d8/En-us-hardness.ogg/En-us-hardness.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/En-us-hardness.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "härdʹnəs"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "hardnesse"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "callosity"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "durity"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "firmness"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "hardness"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "induration"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "inflexibility"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "rigidity"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "renitence"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "renitency"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "stiffness"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:hardness",
      "word": "temper"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "tvǎrdost",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "твърдост"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "izdrǎžlivost",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "издръжливост"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "duresa"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "tvrdost"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "hardheid"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dureté"
    },
    {
      "code": "fur",
      "lang": "Friulian",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "durece"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dureza"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Härte"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "sklērótēs",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "σκληρότης"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "word": "keménység"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "word": "hardeso"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "durezza"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dūritās"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cietība"
    },
    {
      "code": "ml",
      "lang": "Malayalam",
      "roman": "kāṭhinyaṁ",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "word": "കാഠിന്യം"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hardhet"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "duretat"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dureza"
    },
    {
      "code": "qu",
      "lang": "Quechua",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "word": "sinchi"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "tvjórdostʹ",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "твёрдость"
    },
    {
      "code": "sc",
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "duresa"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "dureza"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "word": "hårdhet"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "word": "katigasan"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "kwaam-kɛ̌ng",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "word": "ความแข็ง"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "word": "zorluk"
    },
    {
      "code": "wa",
      "lang": "Walloon",
      "sense": "quality of being hard",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "durté"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hardness"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.