See hardiness in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hardynesse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hardynesse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hardy",
"3": "ness"
},
"expansion": "hardy + -ness",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hardynesse; equivalent to hardy + -ness.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hardinesses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "hardiness (countable and uncountable, plural hardinesses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "foolhardiness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hardness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "heartiness"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "66 22 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 24 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -ness",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 10 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 21 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 9 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Kale is known for its winter-hardiness.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1642, John Milton, An apology against a pamphlet call’d A modest confutation of the animadversions upon the remonstrant against Smectymnuus, London: John Rothwell, page 13:",
"text": "[…] with usefull and generous labours preserving the bodies health, and hardinesse; to render lightsome, cleare, and not lumpish obedience to the minde,",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “The Author Relates Several Particulars of the Yahoos. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume II, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part IV (A Voyage to the Houyhnhnms), page 284:",
"text": "But the Houynhnhnms train up their Youth to Strength, Speed, and Hardineſs, by exerciſing them in running Races up and down ſteep Hills, and over hard and ſtony Grounds […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1915, Nellie McClung, chapter 4, in In Times Like These, Toronto: McLeod & Allen:",
"text": "Wild wheat is small and hard, quite capable of looking after itself, but its heads contain only a few small kernels. Cultivated wheat has lost its hardiness and its self-reliance, but its heads are filled with large kernels which feed the nation.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The quality of being hardy.",
"The quality of being able to withstand fatigue and hardship; (of a plant) the quality of being resistant to cold or other environmental conditions."
],
"id": "en-hardiness-en-noun-jLJodsgz",
"links": [
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
],
[
"fatigue",
"fatigue"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vi], page 385, column 2:",
"text": "Plentie, and Peace breeds Cowards: Hardneſſe euer / Of Hardineſſe is Mother.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1702–1704, Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, “Book V”, in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641. […], volume I, part II, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed at the Theater, published 1707, →OCLC, page 465:",
"text": "[…] they who were not yet grown to the hardineſs of Avowing the contempt of the King […] would ſooner have been checked, and recovered their Loyalty and Obedience.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1856, John Ruskin, chapter 6, in Modern Painters […], volume III, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, , § 6:",
"text": "[…] for every sorrow that his heart turned from, he lost a consolation; for every fear which he dared not confront, he lost a portion of his hardiness; the unsceptred sweep of the storm-clouds, the fair freedom of glancing shower and flickering sunbeam, sank into sweet rectitudes and decent formalisms;",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The quality of being hardy.",
"The quality of being bold in the face of risk or authority."
],
"id": "en-hardiness-en-noun-VIPqmV1h",
"links": [
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
],
[
"bold",
"bold"
],
[
"risk",
"risk"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The quality of being hardy.",
"(obsolete) The quality of being bold in the face of risk or authority."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hardihood"
},
{
"word": "audacity"
},
{
"word": "boldness"
},
{
"word": "firmness"
},
{
"word": "assurance"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1596 (date written; published 1633), Edmund Spenser, A Vewe of the Present State of Irelande […], Dublin: […] Societie of Stationers, […], →OCLC; republished as “A View of the State of Ireland”, in The Works of Mr. Edmund Spenser, volume VI, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], 1715, →OCLC, page 1577:",
"text": "Yet ſure they are very valiant, and hardy, for the moſt part great Indurers of Cold, Labour, Hunger, and all Hardineſs […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hardship; fatigue."
],
"id": "en-hardiness-en-noun-UjBIG5Bw",
"links": [
[
"Hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"fatigue",
"fatigue"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Hardship; fatigue."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "50 50 1",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "the quality of being hardy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hoatlichkjeit"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"hardiness (plants)"
],
"word": "hardiness"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ness",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hardynesse"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hardynesse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hardy",
"3": "ness"
},
"expansion": "hardy + -ness",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hardynesse; equivalent to hardy + -ness.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hardinesses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "hardiness (countable and uncountable, plural hardinesses)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "foolhardiness"
},
{
"word": "hardness"
},
{
"word": "heartiness"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Kale is known for its winter-hardiness.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1642, John Milton, An apology against a pamphlet call’d A modest confutation of the animadversions upon the remonstrant against Smectymnuus, London: John Rothwell, page 13:",
"text": "[…] with usefull and generous labours preserving the bodies health, and hardinesse; to render lightsome, cleare, and not lumpish obedience to the minde,",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1726 October 28, [Jonathan Swift], “The Author Relates Several Particulars of the Yahoos. […]”, in Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. […] [Gulliver’s Travels], volume II, London: […] Benj[amin] Motte, […], →OCLC, part IV (A Voyage to the Houyhnhnms), page 284:",
"text": "But the Houynhnhnms train up their Youth to Strength, Speed, and Hardineſs, by exerciſing them in running Races up and down ſteep Hills, and over hard and ſtony Grounds […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1915, Nellie McClung, chapter 4, in In Times Like These, Toronto: McLeod & Allen:",
"text": "Wild wheat is small and hard, quite capable of looking after itself, but its heads contain only a few small kernels. Cultivated wheat has lost its hardiness and its self-reliance, but its heads are filled with large kernels which feed the nation.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The quality of being hardy.",
"The quality of being able to withstand fatigue and hardship; (of a plant) the quality of being resistant to cold or other environmental conditions."
],
"links": [
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
],
[
"fatigue",
"fatigue"
],
[
"hardship",
"hardship"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vi], page 385, column 2:",
"text": "Plentie, and Peace breeds Cowards: Hardneſſe euer / Of Hardineſſe is Mother.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1702–1704, Edward [Hyde, 1st] Earl of Clarendon, “Book V”, in The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641. […], volume I, part II, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed at the Theater, published 1707, →OCLC, page 465:",
"text": "[…] they who were not yet grown to the hardineſs of Avowing the contempt of the King […] would ſooner have been checked, and recovered their Loyalty and Obedience.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1856, John Ruskin, chapter 6, in Modern Painters […], volume III, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, , § 6:",
"text": "[…] for every sorrow that his heart turned from, he lost a consolation; for every fear which he dared not confront, he lost a portion of his hardiness; the unsceptred sweep of the storm-clouds, the fair freedom of glancing shower and flickering sunbeam, sank into sweet rectitudes and decent formalisms;",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The quality of being hardy.",
"The quality of being bold in the face of risk or authority."
],
"links": [
[
"hardy",
"hardy"
],
[
"bold",
"bold"
],
[
"risk",
"risk"
],
[
"authority",
"authority"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"The quality of being hardy.",
"(obsolete) The quality of being bold in the face of risk or authority."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hardihood"
},
{
"word": "audacity"
},
{
"word": "boldness"
},
{
"word": "firmness"
},
{
"word": "assurance"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1596 (date written; published 1633), Edmund Spenser, A Vewe of the Present State of Irelande […], Dublin: […] Societie of Stationers, […], →OCLC; republished as “A View of the State of Ireland”, in The Works of Mr. Edmund Spenser, volume VI, London: […] Jacob Tonson […], 1715, →OCLC, page 1577:",
"text": "Yet ſure they are very valiant, and hardy, for the moſt part great Indurers of Cold, Labour, Hunger, and all Hardineſs […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hardship; fatigue."
],
"links": [
[
"Hardship",
"hardship"
],
[
"fatigue",
"fatigue"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Hardship; fatigue."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "the quality of being hardy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hoatlichkjeit"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"hardiness (plants)"
],
"word": "hardiness"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hardiness meaning in English (5.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.