"communism" meaning in English

See communism in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ˈkɒm.ju.nɪ.zm̩] [UK], [ˈkɑ.mju.nɪ.zm̩] [US], [ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪ.zm̩] [US], [ˈkɔm.jə.nɪ.zm̩] [General-Australian] Audio: En-us-communism.oga [US] Forms: communisms [plural]
Etymology: A borrowing from French communisme, which was formed from commun (“common”) (from Latin commūnis) and the suffix -isme (“-ism”). Etymology templates: {{der|en|fr|communisme}} French communisme, {{m|fr|commun||common}} commun (“common”), {{der|en|la|commūnis}} Latin commūnis, {{m|fr|-isme||-ism}} -isme (“-ism”) Head templates: {{en-noun|~}} communism (countable and uncountable, plural communisms)
  1. Any far-left political ideology or philosophy advocating holding the production of resources collectively, especially by seizing it through revolution. Tags: countable, uncountable Synonyms: aspheterism [dated, rare]
    Sense id: en-communism-en-noun-NnRh7STi
  2. Any political social system that implements a communist political philosophy. Tags: countable, uncountable
    Sense id: en-communism-en-noun-tHUqmxhw
  3. The international socialist society where classes, money, and the state no longer exist. Tags: countable, uncountable Categories (topical): Communism, Marxism Translations (society): شُيُوعِيَّة (šuyūʕiyya) [feminine] (Arabic), կոմունիզմ (komunizm) (Armenian), комуни́зъм (komunízǎm) [masculine] (Bulgarian), comunisme [masculine] (Catalan), 共產主義 [Hokkien] (Chinese), 共产主义 (kiōng-sán-chú-gī) [Hokkien] (Chinese), 共產主義 (Chinese Cantonese), 共产主义 (gung⁶ caan² zyu² ji⁶) (Chinese Cantonese), 共產主義 (Chinese Mandarin), 共产主义 (gòngchǎnzhǔyì) (Chinese Mandarin), kommunisme [common-gender] (Danish), communisme [neuter] (Dutch), kommunism (Estonian), kommunismi (Finnish), communisme [masculine] (French), comunismo [masculine] (Galician), კომუნიზმი (ḳomunizmi) (Georgian), Kommunismus [masculine] (German), κομμουνισμός (kommounismós) [masculine] (Greek), kommunistiussuseq (Greenlandic), kommunizmus (Hungarian), cumannachas [masculine] (Irish), comunismo [masculine] (Italian), 共産主義 (kyōsanshugi) (alt: きょうさんしゅぎ) (Japanese), 공산주의 (gongsanjuui) (alt: 共產主義) (Korean), komunisms [masculine] (Latvian), komunizmas [masculine] (Lithuanian), Kommunismus [German-Low-German, masculine] (Low German), комуни́зам (komunízam) [masculine] (Macedonian), komunisme (Malay), kommunisme [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), kommunisme [masculine] (Norwegian Nynorsk), komunizm [masculine] (Polish), comunismo [masculine] (Portuguese), comunism [neuter] (Romanian), коммуни́зм (kommunízm) [masculine] (Russian), co-mhaoineas [masculine] (Scottish Gaelic), комунѝзам [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), komunìzam [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), komunizem [masculine] (Slovene), comunismo [masculine] (Spanish), kommunism [common-gender] (Swedish), komünizm (Turkish), komünistlik (Turkish), اِشْتِمالِیَت (ištemāliyat) [feminine] (Urdu), chế độ cộng sản (Vietnamese), comiwnyddiaeth [feminine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-communism-en-noun-p13RoghH Disambiguation of Communism: 21 23 52 4 Disambiguation of Marxism: 26 26 42 6 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English entries with topic categories using raw markup, English hybridisms, English terms suffixed with -ism Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 21 16 51 12 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 23 17 50 10 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 32 14 44 9 Disambiguation of English hybridisms: 19 16 52 13 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ism: 24 19 49 9 Disambiguation of 'society': 14 9 76 1
  4. (rare) Readiness to share scientific findings (the first of the Mertonian norms). Tags: countable, rare, uncountable Translations (scientific norm): kommunismi (Finnish), tieteellinen kommunismi (Finnish)
    Sense id: en-communism-en-noun-ewSvsFSU Disambiguation of 'scientific norm': 3 2 2 93
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: Communism Derived forms: anarcho-communism (english: anarchist communism, free communism, libertarian communism), anticommunism (english: anti-communism), barracks communism, Fully Automated Luxury Gay Space Communism, goulash communism, market communism, military communism, para-communism, war communism Translations (ideology/philosophy): kommunisme (Afrikaans), komunizëm [masculine] (Albanian), شُيُوعِيَّة (šuyūʕiyya) [feminine] (Arabic), comunismo [masculine] (Aragonese), կոմունիզմ (komunizm) (Armenian), comunismu [masculine] (Asturian), kommunizm (Azerbaijani), komunismo (Basque), камуні́зм (kamunízm) [masculine] (Belarusian), কমিউনিজম (komiunijom) (Bengali), সাম্যবাদ (śammobad) (Bengali), комуни́зъм (komunízǎm) [masculine] (Bulgarian), ကွန်မြူနစ်စနစ် (kwanmrunacca.nac) (Burmese), ကွန်မြူနစ်ဝါဒ (kwanmrunac-wada.) (Burmese), comunisme [masculine] (Catalan), کۆمۆنیزم (komonîzm) (Central Kurdish), 共產主義 [Hokkien] (Chinese), 共产主义 (kiōng-sán-chú-gī) [Hokkien] (Chinese), 共產主義 (Chinese Cantonese), 共产主义 (gung⁶ caan² zyu² ji⁶) (Chinese Cantonese), 共產主義 (Chinese Mandarin), 共产主义 (gòngchǎnzhǔyì) (Chinese Mandarin), cumunismu [masculine] (Corsican), komunismus [masculine] (Czech), kommunisme [common-gender] (Danish), communisme [neuter] (Dutch), komunismo (Esperanto), kommunism (Estonian), kommunisma [feminine] (Faroese), kommunismi (Finnish), communisme [masculine] (French), comunismo [masculine] (Galician), კომუნიზმი (ḳomunizmi) (Georgian), Kommunismus [masculine] (German), κομμουνισμός (kommounismós) [masculine] (Greek), kommunistiussuseq (Greenlandic), સામ્યવાદ (sāmyavād) (Gujarati), קוֹמוּנִיזְם (komunízm) [masculine] (Hebrew), साम्यवाद (sāmyavād) [masculine] (Hindi), कम्युनिज़म (kamyunizam) [masculine] (Hindi), kommunizmus (Hungarian), kommúnismi [masculine] (Icelandic), komunismo (Ido), komunisme (Indonesian), cumannachas [masculine] (Irish), comunismo [masculine] (Italian), 共産主義 (kyōsanshugi) (alt: きょうさんしゅぎ) (Japanese), ಸಾಮ್ಯವಾದ (sāmyavāda) (Kannada), коммунизм (kommunizm) (Kazakh), កុម្មុយនិស្តនិយម (kommuynɨh niyum) (Khmer), លទ្ធិកុម្មុយនិស្ត (latthiʼ kommuynɨh) (Khmer), 공산주의 (gongsanjuui) (alt: 共產主義) (Korean), коммунизм (kommunizm) (Kyrgyz), ລັດທິຄອມມູນິດ (lat thi khǭm mū nit) (Lao), communismus [masculine] (Latin), komunisms [masculine] (Latvian), komynisimɛ (Lingala), komunizmas [masculine] (Lithuanian), Kommunismus [German-Low-German, masculine] (Low German), Kommunismus [masculine] (Luxembourgish), комуни́зам (komunízam) [masculine] (Macedonian), kominisma (Malagasy), komonisma (Malagasy), komunisme (Malay), faham komunis (Malay), കമ്യൂണിസം (kamyūṇisaṁ) (Malayalam), സാമ്യവാദം (sāmyavādaṁ) (Malayalam), cummynys [masculine] (Manx), whiwhingatahitanga (Maori), साम्यवाद (sāmyavād) [masculine] (Marathi), коммунизм (kommunizm) [Cyrillic] (Mongolian), эв хамт ёс (ev xamt jos) [China, Cyrillic] (Mongolian), ᠺᠣᠮᠮᠦ᠋ᠨᠢᠰᠮ (kommünism) [Mongolian] (Mongolian), ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ (eb qamtu yosu) [Mongolian] (Mongolian), kommunisme [masculine] (Norwegian Bokmål), kommunisme [masculine] (Norwegian Nynorsk), comunisme [masculine] (Occitan), ସାମ୍ଯବାଦ (samjôbadô) (Odia), کمونیسم (komonism) (Persian), komunizm [masculine] (Polish), comunismo [masculine] (Portuguese), ਸਾਮਵਾਦ (sāmavād) [masculine] (Punjabi), kumunismu (Quechua), comunism [neuter] (Romanian), коммуни́зм (kommunízm) [masculine] (Russian), comunismu [masculine] (Sardinian), comannachd [feminine] (Scottish Gaelic), co-mhaoineas [masculine] (Scottish Gaelic), комунѝзам [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), komunìzam [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), cumunismu [masculine] (Sicilian), සමසමාජවාදය (samasamājawādaya) (Sinhalese), komunizmus [masculine] (Slovak), komunizem [masculine] (Slovene), comunismo [masculine] (Spanish), ukomunisti (Swahili), kommunism [common-gender] (Swedish), komunismo (Tagalog), kalamaan (Tagalog), коммунизм (kommunizm) (Tajik), பொதுவுடமை (potuvuṭamai) (Tamil), коммунизм (qommunizm) (Tatar), సామ్యవాదము (sāmyavādamu) (Telugu), ลัทธิคอมมิวนิสต์ (lát-tí-kɔm-miu-nít) (Thai), གུང་ཁྲན་རིང་ལུགས (gung khran ring lugs) (Tibetan), དམར་པོའི་རིང་ལུགས (dmar po'i ring lugs) (Tibetan), komünizm (Turkish), komünistlik (Turkish), kommunizm (Turkmen), коммунизм (kommunizm) (Tuvan), комуні́зм (komunízm) [masculine] (Ukrainian), اِشْتِمالِیَت (ištemāliyat) [feminine] (Urdu), کمیونزم (kamyunizm) (Urdu), كوممۇنىزم (kommunizm) (Uyghur), kommunizm (Uzbek), comunismo [masculine] (Venetian), chủ nghĩa cộng sản (alt: 主義共產) (Vietnamese), kobädim (Volapük), comiwnyddiaeth [feminine] (Welsh), kommunisme [neuter] (West Frisian), קאָמוניזם (komunizm) [masculine] (Yiddish), gungcanjcujyi (Zhuang), gungcanj cujyi (Zhuang)

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for communism meaning in English (30.4kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "anarchist communism, free communism, libertarian communism",
      "word": "anarcho-communism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "english": "anti-communism",
      "word": "anticommunism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "barracks communism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Fully Automated Luxury Gay Space Communism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "goulash communism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "market communism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "military communism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "para-communism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "war communism"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "communisme"
      },
      "expansion": "French communisme",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "commun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "common"
      },
      "expansion": "commun (“common”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "commūnis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin commūnis",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "-isme",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-ism"
      },
      "expansion": "-isme (“-ism”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A borrowing from French communisme, which was formed from commun (“common”) (from Latin commūnis) and the suffix -isme (“-ism”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "communisms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "communism (countable and uncountable, plural communisms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "commie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "communal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "communalism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "commune"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "communist"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "communistic"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "communistical"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "communistically"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "decommunisation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "authoritarianism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "capitalism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "collectivism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Hitlerism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "individualism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "leftism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Leninism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "liberalism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Maoism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Marxism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Marxism-Leninism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "National Socialism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Nazism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "socialism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Stalinism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "statism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "totalitarianism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Trotskyism"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1932, D. H. Lawrence, The Letters of D.H. Lawrence, Edited by A. Huxley, page 219",
          "text": "I want to gather together about twenty souls and sail away from this world of war and squalor and found a little colony where there shall be no money but a sort of communism as far as necessaries of life go, and some real decency.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any far-left political ideology or philosophy advocating holding the production of resources collectively, especially by seizing it through revolution."
      ],
      "id": "en-communism-en-noun-NnRh7STi",
      "links": [
        [
          "far-left",
          "far-left"
        ],
        [
          "political",
          "political"
        ],
        [
          "ideology",
          "ideology"
        ],
        [
          "philosophy",
          "philosophy"
        ],
        [
          "advocating",
          "advocate#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "holding",
          "hold#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "production",
          "production"
        ],
        [
          "resources",
          "resource#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "collectively",
          "collectively"
        ],
        [
          "seizing",
          "seize"
        ],
        [
          "revolution",
          "revolution"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "dated",
            "rare"
          ],
          "word": "aspheterism"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Any political social system that implements a communist political philosophy."
      ],
      "id": "en-communism-en-noun-tHUqmxhw",
      "links": [
        [
          "communist",
          "communist"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 16 51 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 17 50 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 14 44 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 16 52 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English hybridisms",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 19 49 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ism",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 23 52 4",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Communism",
          "orig": "en:Communism",
          "parents": [
            "Ideologies",
            "Leftism",
            "Socialism",
            "Politics",
            "Society",
            "Economics",
            "All topics",
            "Social sciences",
            "Fundamental",
            "Sciences"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 26 42 6",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Marxism",
          "orig": "en:Marxism",
          "parents": [
            "Ideologies",
            "Socialism",
            "Politics",
            "Society",
            "Economics",
            "Leftism",
            "All topics",
            "Social sciences",
            "Fundamental",
            "Sciences"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The international socialist society where classes, money, and the state no longer exist."
      ],
      "id": "en-communism-en-noun-p13RoghH",
      "links": [
        [
          "socialist",
          "socialist"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "šuyūʕiyya",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "شُيُوعِيَّة"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "komunizm",
          "sense": "society",
          "word": "կոմունիզմ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "komunízǎm",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "комуни́зъм"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "comunisme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "sense": "society",
          "word": "共產主義"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "roman": "gung⁶ caan² zyu² ji⁶",
          "sense": "society",
          "word": "共产主义"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "nan-hbl",
          "lang": "Chinese",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "共產主義"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "nan-hbl",
          "lang": "Chinese",
          "roman": "kiōng-sán-chú-gī",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "共产主义"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "society",
          "word": "共產主義"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "gòngchǎnzhǔyì",
          "sense": "society",
          "word": "共产主义"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "kommunisme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "communisme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "society",
          "word": "kommunism"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "society",
          "word": "kommunismi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "communisme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "comunismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "ḳomunizmi",
          "sense": "society",
          "word": "კომუნიზმი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Kommunismus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "kommounismós",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "κομμουνισμός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "kl",
          "lang": "Greenlandic",
          "sense": "society",
          "word": "kommunistiussuseq"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "society",
          "word": "kommunizmus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cumannachas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "comunismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "alt": "きょうさんしゅぎ",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kyōsanshugi",
          "sense": "society",
          "word": "共産主義"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "alt": "共產主義",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "gongsanjuui",
          "sense": "society",
          "word": "공산주의"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "komunisms"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "komunizmas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "nds-de",
          "lang": "Low German",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "German-Low-German",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Kommunismus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "komunízam",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "комуни́зам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "society",
          "word": "komunisme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "kommunisme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "kommunisme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "komunizm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "comunismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "comunism"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "kommunízm",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "коммуни́зм"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "co-mhaoineas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "комунѝзам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "komunìzam"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "komunizem"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "comunismo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "kommunism"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "society",
          "word": "komünizm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "society",
          "word": "komünistlik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "ištemāliyat",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "اِشْتِمالِیَت"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "society",
          "word": "chế độ cộng sản"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "14 9 76 1",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "society",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "comiwnyddiaeth"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2022 January 26, Liam Kofi Bright, Remco Heesen, “To Be Scientific Is To Be Communist”, in Social Epistemology, volume 37, number 3, →DOI",
          "text": "A recent survey of 633 South Korean scientists found not only that communism was the Mertonian norm they thought most respected in practice (Kim and Kim 2018, 9), but also that younger scientists’ replies showed evidence of ‘mounting tension between the commercialisation of academic science and the norm of communalism’ (Kim and Kim 2018, 19). Our focus on scientific communism and its relationship to commercial research may thus reflect the concerns of working scientists.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Readiness to share scientific findings (the first of the Mertonian norms)."
      ],
      "id": "en-communism-en-noun-ewSvsFSU",
      "links": [
        [
          "Readiness",
          "readiness"
        ],
        [
          "scientific",
          "scientific"
        ],
        [
          "finding",
          "finding"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Readiness to share scientific findings (the first of the Mertonian norms)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "rare",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 2 93",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "scientific norm",
          "word": "kommunismi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 2 2 93",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "scientific norm",
          "word": "tieteellinen kommunismi"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkɒm.ju.nɪ.zm̩]",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkɑ.mju.nɪ.zm̩]",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪ.zm̩]",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkɔm.jə.nɪ.zm̩]",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-communism.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-us-communism.oga/En-us-communism.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-us-communism.oga",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Communism"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kommunisme"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunizëm"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "šuyūʕiyya",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "شُيُوعِيَّة"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "an",
      "lang": "Aragonese",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "komunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "կոմունիզմ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kommunizm"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komunismo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "kamunízm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "камуні́зм"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "komiunijom",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "কমিউনিজম"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "śammobad",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "সাম্যবাদ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "komunízǎm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "комуни́зъм"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "kwanmrunacca.nac",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "ကွန်မြူနစ်စနစ်"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "kwanmrunac-wada.",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "ကွန်မြူနစ်ဝါဒ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunisme"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "共產主義"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "roman": "gung⁶ caan² zyu² ji⁶",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "共产主义"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "共產主義"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "roman": "kiōng-sán-chú-gī",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "共产主义"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "共產主義"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "gòngchǎnzhǔyì",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "共产主义"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "co",
      "lang": "Corsican",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cumunismu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunismus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "kommunisme"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "communisme"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komunismo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kommunism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "kommunisma"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kommunismi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "communisme"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ḳomunizmi",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "კომუნიზმი"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Kommunismus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "kommounismós",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "κομμουνισμός"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "kl",
      "lang": "Greenlandic",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kommunistiussuseq"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "gu",
      "lang": "Gujarati",
      "roman": "sāmyavād",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "સામ્યવાદ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "komunízm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "קוֹמוּנִיזְם"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "sāmyavād",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "साम्यवाद"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "kamyunizam",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "कम्युनिज़म"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kommunizmus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kommúnismi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komunismo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komunisme"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cumannachas"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "alt": "きょうさんしゅぎ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kyōsanshugi",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "共産主義"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "kn",
      "lang": "Kannada",
      "roman": "sāmyavāda",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "ಸಾಮ್ಯವಾದ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "kommunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "коммунизм"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "kommuynɨh niyum",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "កុម្មុយនិស្តនិយម"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "latthiʼ kommuynɨh",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "លទ្ធិកុម្មុយនិស្ត"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "alt": "共產主義",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "gongsanjuui",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "공산주의"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "ckb",
      "lang": "Central Kurdish",
      "roman": "komonîzm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "کۆمۆنیزم"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "ky",
      "lang": "Kyrgyz",
      "roman": "kommunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "коммунизм"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "lo",
      "lang": "Lao",
      "roman": "lat thi khǭm mū nit",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "ລັດທິຄອມມູນິດ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "communismus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunisms"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "ln",
      "lang": "Lingala",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komynisimɛ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunizmas"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "nds-de",
      "lang": "Low German",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "German-Low-German",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Kommunismus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "lb",
      "lang": "Luxembourgish",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Kommunismus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "komunízam",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "комуни́зам"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "mg",
      "lang": "Malagasy",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kominisma"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "mg",
      "lang": "Malagasy",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komonisma"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komunisme"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "faham komunis"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "ml",
      "lang": "Malayalam",
      "roman": "kamyūṇisaṁ",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "കമ്യൂണിസം"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "ml",
      "lang": "Malayalam",
      "roman": "sāmyavādaṁ",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "സാമ്യവാദം"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "gv",
      "lang": "Manx",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cummynys"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "whiwhingatahitanga"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "mr",
      "lang": "Marathi",
      "roman": "sāmyavād",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "साम्यवाद"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "kommunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "коммунизм"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "ev xamt jos",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "China",
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "эв хамт ёс"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "kommünism",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "Mongolian"
      ],
      "word": "ᠺᠣᠮᠮᠦ᠋ᠨᠢᠰᠮ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "eb qamtu yosu",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "Mongolian"
      ],
      "word": "ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kommunisme"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kommunisme"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunisme"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "or",
      "lang": "Odia",
      "roman": "samjôbadô",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "ସାମ୍ଯବାଦ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "komonism",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "کمونیسم"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunizm"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "pa",
      "lang": "Punjabi",
      "roman": "sāmavād",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ਸਾਮਵਾਦ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "qu",
      "lang": "Quechua",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kumunismu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "comunism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "kommunízm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "коммуни́зм"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "sc",
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "comannachd"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "co-mhaoineas"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "комунѝзам"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunìzam"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cumunismu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "si",
      "lang": "Sinhalese",
      "roman": "samasamājawādaya",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "සමසමාජවාදය"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunizmus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunizem"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "sw",
      "lang": "Swahili",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "ukomunisti"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "kommunism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komunismo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kalamaan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "tg",
      "lang": "Tajik",
      "roman": "kommunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "коммунизм"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "ta",
      "lang": "Tamil",
      "roman": "potuvuṭamai",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "பொதுவுடமை"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "tt",
      "lang": "Tatar",
      "roman": "qommunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "коммунизм"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "sāmyavādamu",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "సామ్యవాదము"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "lát-tí-kɔm-miu-nít",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "ลัทธิคอมมิวนิสต์"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "gung khran ring lugs",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "གུང་ཁྲན་རིང་ལུགས"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "dmar po'i ring lugs",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "དམར་པོའི་རིང་ལུགས"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komünizm"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komünistlik"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "tk",
      "lang": "Turkmen",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kommunizm"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "tyv",
      "lang": "Tuvan",
      "roman": "kommunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "коммунизм"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "komunízm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "комуні́зм"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "ištemāliyat",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "اِشْتِمالِیَت"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "kamyunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "کمیونزم"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "ug",
      "lang": "Uyghur",
      "roman": "kommunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "كوممۇنىزم"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "uz",
      "lang": "Uzbek",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kommunizm"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "vec",
      "lang": "Venetian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "alt": "主義共產",
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "chủ nghĩa cộng sản"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kobädim"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "comiwnyddiaeth"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "fy",
      "lang": "West Frisian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "kommunisme"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "komunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "קאָמוניזם"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "za",
      "lang": "Zhuang",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "gungcanjcujyi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "43 40 15 1",
      "code": "za",
      "lang": "Zhuang",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "gungcanj cujyi"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "communism"
  ],
  "word": "communism"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English hybridisms",
    "English hybridisms suffixed with -ism",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms suffixed with -ism",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Requests for review of Breton translations",
    "Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
    "Requests for review of Galician translations",
    "Requests for review of Persian translations",
    "Requests for review of Sicilian translations",
    "Requests for review of Slovak translations",
    "Requests for review of Somali translations",
    "Requests for review of Urdu translations",
    "en:Communism",
    "en:Marxism"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "anarchist communism, free communism, libertarian communism",
      "word": "anarcho-communism"
    },
    {
      "english": "anti-communism",
      "word": "anticommunism"
    },
    {
      "word": "barracks communism"
    },
    {
      "word": "Fully Automated Luxury Gay Space Communism"
    },
    {
      "word": "goulash communism"
    },
    {
      "word": "market communism"
    },
    {
      "word": "military communism"
    },
    {
      "word": "para-communism"
    },
    {
      "word": "war communism"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "communisme"
      },
      "expansion": "French communisme",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "commun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "common"
      },
      "expansion": "commun (“common”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "commūnis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin commūnis",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "-isme",
        "3": "",
        "4": "-ism"
      },
      "expansion": "-isme (“-ism”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A borrowing from French communisme, which was formed from commun (“common”) (from Latin commūnis) and the suffix -isme (“-ism”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "communisms",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "communism (countable and uncountable, plural communisms)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "commie"
    },
    {
      "word": "communal"
    },
    {
      "word": "communalism"
    },
    {
      "word": "commune"
    },
    {
      "word": "communist"
    },
    {
      "word": "communistic"
    },
    {
      "word": "communistical"
    },
    {
      "word": "communistically"
    },
    {
      "word": "decommunisation"
    },
    {
      "word": "authoritarianism"
    },
    {
      "word": "capitalism"
    },
    {
      "word": "collectivism"
    },
    {
      "word": "Hitlerism"
    },
    {
      "word": "individualism"
    },
    {
      "word": "leftism"
    },
    {
      "word": "Leninism"
    },
    {
      "word": "liberalism"
    },
    {
      "word": "Maoism"
    },
    {
      "word": "Marxism"
    },
    {
      "word": "Marxism-Leninism"
    },
    {
      "word": "National Socialism"
    },
    {
      "word": "Nazism"
    },
    {
      "word": "socialism"
    },
    {
      "word": "Stalinism"
    },
    {
      "word": "statism"
    },
    {
      "word": "totalitarianism"
    },
    {
      "word": "Trotskyism"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1932, D. H. Lawrence, The Letters of D.H. Lawrence, Edited by A. Huxley, page 219",
          "text": "I want to gather together about twenty souls and sail away from this world of war and squalor and found a little colony where there shall be no money but a sort of communism as far as necessaries of life go, and some real decency.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any far-left political ideology or philosophy advocating holding the production of resources collectively, especially by seizing it through revolution."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "far-left",
          "far-left"
        ],
        [
          "political",
          "political"
        ],
        [
          "ideology",
          "ideology"
        ],
        [
          "philosophy",
          "philosophy"
        ],
        [
          "advocating",
          "advocate#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "holding",
          "hold#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "production",
          "production"
        ],
        [
          "resources",
          "resource#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "collectively",
          "collectively"
        ],
        [
          "seizing",
          "seize"
        ],
        [
          "revolution",
          "revolution"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "dated",
            "rare"
          ],
          "word": "aspheterism"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Any political social system that implements a communist political philosophy."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "communist",
          "communist"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The international socialist society where classes, money, and the state no longer exist."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "socialist",
          "socialist"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2022 January 26, Liam Kofi Bright, Remco Heesen, “To Be Scientific Is To Be Communist”, in Social Epistemology, volume 37, number 3, →DOI",
          "text": "A recent survey of 633 South Korean scientists found not only that communism was the Mertonian norm they thought most respected in practice (Kim and Kim 2018, 9), but also that younger scientists’ replies showed evidence of ‘mounting tension between the commercialisation of academic science and the norm of communalism’ (Kim and Kim 2018, 19). Our focus on scientific communism and its relationship to commercial research may thus reflect the concerns of working scientists.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Readiness to share scientific findings (the first of the Mertonian norms)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Readiness",
          "readiness"
        ],
        [
          "scientific",
          "scientific"
        ],
        [
          "finding",
          "finding"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Readiness to share scientific findings (the first of the Mertonian norms)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable",
        "rare",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkɒm.ju.nɪ.zm̩]",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkɑ.mju.nɪ.zm̩]",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪ.zm̩]",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈkɔm.jə.nɪ.zm̩]",
      "tags": [
        "General-Australian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-communism.oga",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/En-us-communism.oga/En-us-communism.oga.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/En-us-communism.oga",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "Communism"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kommunisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunizëm"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "šuyūʕiyya",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "شُيُوعِيَّة"
    },
    {
      "code": "an",
      "lang": "Aragonese",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "komunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "կոմունիզմ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismu"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kommunizm"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komunismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "kamunízm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "камуні́зм"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "komiunijom",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "কমিউনিজম"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "śammobad",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "সাম্যবাদ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "komunízǎm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "комуни́зъм"
    },
    {
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "kwanmrunacca.nac",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "ကွန်မြူနစ်စနစ်"
    },
    {
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "kwanmrunac-wada.",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "ကွန်မြူနစ်ဝါဒ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "共產主義"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "roman": "gung⁶ caan² zyu² ji⁶",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "共产主义"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "共產主義"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "roman": "kiōng-sán-chú-gī",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "共产主义"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "共產主義"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "gòngchǎnzhǔyì",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "共产主义"
    },
    {
      "code": "co",
      "lang": "Corsican",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cumunismu"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunismus"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "kommunisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "communisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komunismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kommunism"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "kommunisma"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kommunismi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "communisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ḳomunizmi",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "კომუნიზმი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Kommunismus"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "kommounismós",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "κομμουνισμός"
    },
    {
      "code": "kl",
      "lang": "Greenlandic",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kommunistiussuseq"
    },
    {
      "code": "gu",
      "lang": "Gujarati",
      "roman": "sāmyavād",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "સામ્યવાદ"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "komunízm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "קוֹמוּנִיזְם"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "sāmyavād",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "साम्यवाद"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "kamyunizam",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "कम्युनिज़म"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kommunizmus"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kommúnismi"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komunismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komunisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cumannachas"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismo"
    },
    {
      "alt": "きょうさんしゅぎ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kyōsanshugi",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "共産主義"
    },
    {
      "code": "kn",
      "lang": "Kannada",
      "roman": "sāmyavāda",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "ಸಾಮ್ಯವಾದ"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "kommunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "коммунизм"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "kommuynɨh niyum",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "កុម្មុយនិស្តនិយម"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "latthiʼ kommuynɨh",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "លទ្ធិកុម្មុយនិស្ត"
    },
    {
      "alt": "共產主義",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "gongsanjuui",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "공산주의"
    },
    {
      "code": "ckb",
      "lang": "Central Kurdish",
      "roman": "komonîzm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "کۆمۆنیزم"
    },
    {
      "code": "ky",
      "lang": "Kyrgyz",
      "roman": "kommunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "коммунизм"
    },
    {
      "code": "lo",
      "lang": "Lao",
      "roman": "lat thi khǭm mū nit",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "ລັດທິຄອມມູນິດ"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "communismus"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunisms"
    },
    {
      "code": "ln",
      "lang": "Lingala",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komynisimɛ"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunizmas"
    },
    {
      "code": "nds-de",
      "lang": "Low German",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "German-Low-German",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Kommunismus"
    },
    {
      "code": "lb",
      "lang": "Luxembourgish",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Kommunismus"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "komunízam",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "комуни́зам"
    },
    {
      "code": "mg",
      "lang": "Malagasy",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kominisma"
    },
    {
      "code": "mg",
      "lang": "Malagasy",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komonisma"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komunisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "faham komunis"
    },
    {
      "code": "ml",
      "lang": "Malayalam",
      "roman": "kamyūṇisaṁ",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "കമ്യൂണിസം"
    },
    {
      "code": "ml",
      "lang": "Malayalam",
      "roman": "sāmyavādaṁ",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "സാമ്യവാദം"
    },
    {
      "code": "gv",
      "lang": "Manx",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cummynys"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "whiwhingatahitanga"
    },
    {
      "code": "mr",
      "lang": "Marathi",
      "roman": "sāmyavād",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "साम्यवाद"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "kommunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "коммунизм"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "ev xamt jos",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "China",
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "эв хамт ёс"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "kommünism",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "Mongolian"
      ],
      "word": "ᠺᠣᠮᠮᠦ᠋ᠨᠢᠰᠮ"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "eb qamtu yosu",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "Mongolian"
      ],
      "word": "ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠤ"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kommunisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kommunisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "or",
      "lang": "Odia",
      "roman": "samjôbadô",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "ସାମ୍ଯବାଦ"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "komonism",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "کمونیسم"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunizm"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pa",
      "lang": "Punjabi",
      "roman": "sāmavād",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ਸਾਮਵਾਦ"
    },
    {
      "code": "qu",
      "lang": "Quechua",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kumunismu"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "comunism"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "kommunízm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "коммуни́зм"
    },
    {
      "code": "sc",
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismu"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "comannachd"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "co-mhaoineas"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "комунѝзам"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunìzam"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cumunismu"
    },
    {
      "code": "si",
      "lang": "Sinhalese",
      "roman": "samasamājawādaya",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "සමසමාජවාදය"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunizmus"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunizem"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sw",
      "lang": "Swahili",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "ukomunisti"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "kommunism"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komunismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kalamaan"
    },
    {
      "code": "tg",
      "lang": "Tajik",
      "roman": "kommunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "коммунизм"
    },
    {
      "code": "ta",
      "lang": "Tamil",
      "roman": "potuvuṭamai",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "பொதுவுடமை"
    },
    {
      "code": "tt",
      "lang": "Tatar",
      "roman": "qommunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "коммунизм"
    },
    {
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "sāmyavādamu",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "సామ్యవాదము"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "lát-tí-kɔm-miu-nít",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "ลัทธิคอมมิวนิสต์"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "gung khran ring lugs",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "གུང་ཁྲན་རིང་ལུགས"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "dmar po'i ring lugs",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "དམར་པོའི་རིང་ལུགས"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komünizm"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "komünistlik"
    },
    {
      "code": "tk",
      "lang": "Turkmen",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kommunizm"
    },
    {
      "code": "tyv",
      "lang": "Tuvan",
      "roman": "kommunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "коммунизм"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "komunízm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "комуні́зм"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "ištemāliyat",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "اِشْتِمالِیَت"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "kamyunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "کمیونزم"
    },
    {
      "code": "ug",
      "lang": "Uyghur",
      "roman": "kommunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "كوممۇنىزم"
    },
    {
      "code": "uz",
      "lang": "Uzbek",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kommunizm"
    },
    {
      "code": "vec",
      "lang": "Venetian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismo"
    },
    {
      "alt": "主義共產",
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "chủ nghĩa cộng sản"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "kobädim"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "comiwnyddiaeth"
    },
    {
      "code": "fy",
      "lang": "West Frisian",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "kommunisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "komunizm",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "קאָמוניזם"
    },
    {
      "code": "za",
      "lang": "Zhuang",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "gungcanjcujyi"
    },
    {
      "code": "za",
      "lang": "Zhuang",
      "sense": "ideology/philosophy",
      "word": "gungcanj cujyi"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "šuyūʕiyya",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "شُيُوعِيَّة"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "komunizm",
      "sense": "society",
      "word": "կոմունիզմ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "komunízǎm",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "комуни́зъм"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "sense": "society",
      "word": "共產主義"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "roman": "gung⁶ caan² zyu² ji⁶",
      "sense": "society",
      "word": "共产主义"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "共產主義"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "roman": "kiōng-sán-chú-gī",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "共产主义"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "society",
      "word": "共產主義"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "gòngchǎnzhǔyì",
      "sense": "society",
      "word": "共产主义"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "kommunisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "communisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "society",
      "word": "kommunism"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "society",
      "word": "kommunismi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "communisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ḳomunizmi",
      "sense": "society",
      "word": "კომუნიზმი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Kommunismus"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "kommounismós",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "κομμουνισμός"
    },
    {
      "code": "kl",
      "lang": "Greenlandic",
      "sense": "society",
      "word": "kommunistiussuseq"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "society",
      "word": "kommunizmus"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cumannachas"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismo"
    },
    {
      "alt": "きょうさんしゅぎ",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kyōsanshugi",
      "sense": "society",
      "word": "共産主義"
    },
    {
      "alt": "共產主義",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "gongsanjuui",
      "sense": "society",
      "word": "공산주의"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunisms"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunizmas"
    },
    {
      "code": "nds-de",
      "lang": "Low German",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "German-Low-German",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Kommunismus"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "komunízam",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "комуни́зам"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "society",
      "word": "komunisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kommunisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "kommunisme"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunizm"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "comunism"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "kommunízm",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "коммуни́зм"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "co-mhaoineas"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "комунѝзам"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunìzam"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "komunizem"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "comunismo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "kommunism"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "society",
      "word": "komünizm"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "society",
      "word": "komünistlik"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "ištemāliyat",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "اِشْتِمالِیَت"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "society",
      "word": "chế độ cộng sản"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "society",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "comiwnyddiaeth"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "scientific norm",
      "word": "kommunismi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "scientific norm",
      "word": "tieteellinen kommunismi"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "communism"
  ],
  "word": "communism"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.