See commune in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "communer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "communise"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "communize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "excommune"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "house-commune"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "intercommune"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "people's commune"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban-rural commune"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mey- (change)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "commune"
},
"expansion": "Middle English commune",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "comune"
},
"expansion": "Old French comune",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "commūnia"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin commūnia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "commūne",
"t": "community, state"
},
"expansion": "Latin commūne (“community, state”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "comune"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of comune",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English commune, comune, from Old French comune, commune, from Medieval Latin commūnia, from Latin commūne (“community, state”), from commūnis (“common”). Doublet of comune. See also community, communion, common.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "commune (countable and uncountable, plural communes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 23 8 30 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "12 22 9 30 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "16 12 3 36 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Cantonese translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "13 13 9 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Corsican translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 18 9 29 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "16 12 3 32 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "14 15 9 33 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "13 13 10 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Franco-Provençal translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "16 12 3 32 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "17 12 4 31 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "14 20 5 32 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "16 14 2 34 34",
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"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 9 31 32",
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"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 3 33 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 8 29 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 2 40 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 20 8 31 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 3 38 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 9 31 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 9 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 22 9 30 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "16 13 3 33 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "13 19 7 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 8 29 30",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "13 13 9 34 31",
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},
{
"_dis": "16 13 2 34 34",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "13 13 9 34 31",
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1975, Peter J. Seybolt, editor, The Rustication of Urban Youth in China, published 2015, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 148:",
"text": "The town of Chu-chou in Hunan Province, carrying out the great directive of Chairman Mao that \"educated youths must go to the villages,\" has put into practice factory-commune links, and under the leadership of cadres, has made a collective settlement of educated youths in commune and brigade farms, forest areas, and tea plantations.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community."
],
"id": "en-commune-en-noun-fXkbuvzg",
"links": [
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"rural",
"rural"
],
[
"division of labour",
"division of labour"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mašāʕiyya",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَشَاعِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hamaynkʻ",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "համայնք"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "komúna",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кому́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "kommuuni"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinóvio",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κοινόβιο"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kvutsá",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קבוצה \\ קְבוּצָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kibúts",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קיבוץ \\ קִבּוּץ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "komono"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "komune"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khum",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "ឃុំ"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑɑsɑngkat",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "សង្កាត់"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščína",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "общи́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 2 1 2 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "byalag"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "14 15 9 33 29",
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{
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{
"_dis": "17 12 4 31 36",
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{
"_dis": "14 20 5 32 29",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "16 14 2 34 34",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 9 31 32",
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"_dis": "16 13 3 33 35",
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{
"_dis": "13 21 8 29 30",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 2 40 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "12 20 8 31 29",
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{
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{
"_dis": "14 14 9 31 32",
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"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 9 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 22 9 30 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 3 33 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 19 7 32 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 21 8 29 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 9 34 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 13 2 34 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 9 34 31",
"kind": "other",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"A local political division in many European countries and in Chile."
],
"id": "en-commune-en-noun-5MZIq1WX",
"links": [
[
"local",
"local"
],
[
"political",
"political"
],
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"European",
"European"
],
[
"Chile",
"Chile"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "komunë"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "komuna",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "կոմունա"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obštiná",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "община́"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "si⁵ zan³",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "市镇"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shìzhèn",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "市镇"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cumune"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cumuna"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obec"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kommune"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "gemeente"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "kunta"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "frp",
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "comena"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "commune"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gemeinde"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kommune"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinótita",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κοινότητα"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "sveitarfélag"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "komune"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "comune"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑɑsɑngkat",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "សង្កាត់"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khum",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "ឃុំ"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "savivaldybė"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "Gemeng"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "opština",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "општина"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "komun",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "کمون"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "dehestan",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "دهستان"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gmina"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "freguesia"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "município"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
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"tags": [
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],
"word": "comună"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "ro",
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"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "municipiu"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kommúna",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "комму́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "ru",
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"roman": "obščína",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
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"feminine"
],
"word": "общи́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
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},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "sh",
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"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
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],
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},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
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],
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{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "kommun"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
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"word": "komün"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
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},
{
"_dis1": "7 82 2 5 4",
"code": "vi",
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}
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"_dis": "13 13 9 34 31",
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"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, (please specify |part=Prologue or Rpilogue, or |canto=I to CXXIX):",
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[
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[
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"(uncountable, obsolete) Communion; sympathetic conversation between friends."
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"ref": "1997, David Nicholas, The Growth of the Medieval City: From Late Antiquity to the Early Fourteenth Century, →ISBN, page 161:",
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],
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],
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[
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"city"
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[
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{
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{
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Doublet of communicate",
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],
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},
{
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}
],
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[
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}
],
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],
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],
[
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],
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],
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],
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]
}
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"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Collectives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "communer"
},
{
"word": "communise"
},
{
"word": "communize"
},
{
"word": "excommune"
},
{
"word": "house-commune"
},
{
"word": "intercommune"
},
{
"word": "people's commune"
},
{
"word": "urban-rural commune"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mey- (change)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "commune"
},
"expansion": "Middle English commune",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "comune"
},
"expansion": "Old French comune",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "commūnia"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin commūnia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "commūne",
"t": "community, state"
},
"expansion": "Latin commūne (“community, state”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "comune"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of comune",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English commune, comune, from Old French comune, commune, from Medieval Latin commūnia, from Latin commūne (“community, state”), from commūnis (“common”). Doublet of comune. See also community, communion, common.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "commune (countable and uncountable, plural communes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1975, Peter J. Seybolt, editor, The Rustication of Urban Youth in China, published 2015, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 148:",
"text": "The town of Chu-chou in Hunan Province, carrying out the great directive of Chairman Mao that \"educated youths must go to the villages,\" has put into practice factory-commune links, and under the leadership of cadres, has made a collective settlement of educated youths in commune and brigade farms, forest areas, and tea plantations.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community."
],
"links": [
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"rural",
"rural"
],
[
"division of labour",
"division of labour"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A local political division in many European countries and in Chile."
],
"links": [
[
"local",
"local"
],
[
"political",
"political"
],
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"European",
"European"
],
[
"Chile",
"Chile"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The commonalty; the common people."
],
"links": [
[
"commonalty",
"commonalty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The commonalty; the common people."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, (please specify |part=Prologue or Rpilogue, or |canto=I to CXXIX):",
"text": "For days of happy commune dead.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Communion; sympathetic conversation between friends."
],
"links": [
[
"Communion",
"communion"
],
[
"sympathetic",
"sympathetic"
],
[
"conversation",
"conversation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, obsolete) Communion; sympathetic conversation between friends."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1997, David Nicholas, The Growth of the Medieval City: From Late Antiquity to the Early Fourteenth Century, →ISBN, page 161:",
"text": "In 1117 the commune and archbishop had separate consuls at Milan.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A self-governing city or league of citizens."
],
"links": [
[
"self-governing",
"self-governing"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"league",
"league"
],
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A self-governing city or league of citizens."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kŏm'yo͞on",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɒmjuːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "käm'yo͞on",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑmjuːn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-commune-noun.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/En-us-commune-noun.ogg/En-us-commune-noun.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/En-us-commune-noun.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mašāʕiyya",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَشَاعِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hamaynkʻ",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "համայնք"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "komúna",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кому́на"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "kommuuni"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinóvio",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κοινόβιο"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kvutsá",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קבוצה \\ קְבוּצָה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kibúts",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קיבוץ \\ קִבּוּץ"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "komono"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "komune"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khum",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "ឃុំ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑɑsɑngkat",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "សង្កាត់"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščína",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "общи́на"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "byalag"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "komunë"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "komuna",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "կոմունա"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obštiná",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "община́"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "si⁵ zan³",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "市镇"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shìzhèn",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "市镇"
},
{
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cumune"
},
{
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cumuna"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obec"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kommune"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "gemeente"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "kunta"
},
{
"code": "frp",
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "comena"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "commune"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gemeinde"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kommune"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinótita",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κοινότητα"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "sveitarfélag"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "komune"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "comune"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑɑsɑngkat",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "សង្កាត់"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khum",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "ឃុំ"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "savivaldybė"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "Gemeng"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "opština",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "општина"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "komun",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "کمون"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "dehestan",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "دهستان"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gmina"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "freguesia"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "município"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comună"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "municipiu"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kommúna",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "комму́на"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščína",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "общи́на"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "о̏пћина"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ȍpćina"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obec"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "občina"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "municipio"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "kommun"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "komün"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hromada",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "громада"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "thị trấn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"commune"
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"categories": [
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/uːn",
"Rhymes:English/uːn/2 syllables",
"en:Collectives"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "communen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English communen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "comunier"
},
"expansion": "Old French comunier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "commūnico"
},
"expansion": "Latin commūnico",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "communicate"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of communicate",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English communen, comunen, from Old French comunier, communier (“to share”), from Latin commūnico. Doublet of communicate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "communing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "communed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "communed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "commune (third-person singular simple present communes, present participle communing, simple past and past participle communed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iii]:",
"text": "I would commune with you of such things / That want no ear but yours.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To converse together with sympathy and confidence; to interchange sentiments or feelings; to take counsel."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He spent a week in the backcountry, communing with nature.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To communicate (with) spiritually; to be together (with); to contemplate or absorb."
],
"links": [
[
"contemplate",
"contemplate"
],
[
"absorb",
"absorb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, followed by with) To communicate (with) spiritually; to be together (with); to contemplate or absorb."
],
"raw_tags": [
"followed by with"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Christianity"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1681, Gilbert Burnet, “[A Collection of Records, and Original Papers; with Other Instruments Referred to in the Second Part of the History of the Reformation of the Church of England.] Book I.”, in The History of the Reformation of the Church of England. The Second Part, […], London: […] T[homas] H[odgkin] for Richard Chiswell, […], →OCLC, page 207:",
"text": "Namely, in these things, in prohibiting that none should commune alone, in making the People whole Communers, or in suffering them to Commune under both kinds […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To receive the communion."
],
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"communion",
"communion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity, intransitive) To receive the communion."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "kəmyo͞on'"
},
{
"ipa": "/kəˈmjuːn/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-commune-verb.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-us-commune-verb.ogg/En-us-commune-verb.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-us-commune-verb.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːn"
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
Download raw JSONL data for commune meaning in English (19.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.