See commune in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mg",
"2": "kaominina",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Malagasy: kaominina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Malagasy: kaominina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کمون",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "komun"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: کمون (komun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: کمون (komun)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "comuna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: comuna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: comuna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "комму́на",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: комму́на (kommúna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: комму́на (kommúna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "comuna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: comuna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: comuna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kommun",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kommun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kommun"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "komün",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: komün",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: komün"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "communia"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin communia",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin communia, neuter plural of communis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "commune f (plural communes)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"commune (administrative subdivision)"
],
"id": "en-commune-fr-noun-~7kdG97h",
"links": [
[
"commune",
"commune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 8 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
112,
119
],
[
246,
253
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
95,
102
],
[
240,
247
]
],
"english": "Hence the analysis provided in Capital does not adduce reasons either for or against the viability of the rural commune, but the special study I have made of it, and the material for which I drew from original sources, has convinced me that this commune is the fulcrum of social regeneration in Russia, but in order that it may function as such, it would first be necessary to eliminate the deleterious influences which are assailing it from all sides, and then ensure for it the normal conditions of spontaneous development.",
"ref": "1967 [1881 March 8], Roger Dangeville, quoting Karl Marx, “Lettres de Marx à Véra Zassoulitch”, in L'homme et la société, number 5, page 179; English translation from “Marx to Vera Zasulich”, in Marx/Engels Collected Works, volume 46, 1992, pages 71-72:",
"text": "L’analyse donnée dans le «Capital» n’offre donc de raisons ni pour ni contre la vitalité de la commune rurale, mais l’étude spéciale que j’en ai faite, et dont j’ai cherché les matériaux dans les sources originales, m’a convaincu que cette commune est le point d’appui de la régénération sociale en Russie; mais afin qu’elle puisse fonctionner comme tel, il faudrait d’abord éliminer les influences délétères qui l’assaillent de tous les côtés et ensuite lui assurer les conditions normales d’un développement spontané.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"commune (community living together with common property)"
],
"id": "en-commune-fr-noun-nMCnL0HS",
"links": [
[
"commune",
"commune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔ.myn/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-commune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg/Fr-commune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Commune in France"
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "commune",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "commun"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of commun"
],
"id": "en-commune-fr-adj-OT-2c9g1",
"links": [
[
"commun",
"commun#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔ.myn/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-commune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg/Fr-commune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg"
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French adjective forms",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from Medieval Latin",
"French terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mg",
"2": "kaominina",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Malagasy: kaominina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Malagasy: kaominina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کمون",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "komun"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: کمون (komun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: کمون (komun)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "comuna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: comuna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: comuna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "комму́на",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: комму́на (kommúna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: комму́на (kommúna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "comuna",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: comuna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: comuna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kommun",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kommun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kommun"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "komün",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: komün",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: komün"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "communia"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin communia",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin communia, neuter plural of communis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "commune f (plural communes)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"commune (administrative subdivision)"
],
"links": [
[
"commune",
"commune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
112,
119
],
[
246,
253
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
95,
102
],
[
240,
247
]
],
"english": "Hence the analysis provided in Capital does not adduce reasons either for or against the viability of the rural commune, but the special study I have made of it, and the material for which I drew from original sources, has convinced me that this commune is the fulcrum of social regeneration in Russia, but in order that it may function as such, it would first be necessary to eliminate the deleterious influences which are assailing it from all sides, and then ensure for it the normal conditions of spontaneous development.",
"ref": "1967 [1881 March 8], Roger Dangeville, quoting Karl Marx, “Lettres de Marx à Véra Zassoulitch”, in L'homme et la société, number 5, page 179; English translation from “Marx to Vera Zasulich”, in Marx/Engels Collected Works, volume 46, 1992, pages 71-72:",
"text": "L’analyse donnée dans le «Capital» n’offre donc de raisons ni pour ni contre la vitalité de la commune rurale, mais l’étude spéciale que j’en ai faite, et dont j’ai cherché les matériaux dans les sources originales, m’a convaincu que cette commune est le point d’appui de la régénération sociale en Russie; mais afin qu’elle puisse fonctionner comme tel, il faudrait d’abord éliminer les influences délétères qui l’assaillent de tous les côtés et ensuite lui assurer les conditions normales d’un développement spontané.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"commune (community living together with common property)"
],
"links": [
[
"commune",
"commune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔ.myn/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-commune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg/Fr-commune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Commune in France"
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French adjective forms",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "commune",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "commun"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of commun"
],
"links": [
[
"commun",
"commun#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔ.myn/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-commune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg/Fr-commune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg"
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
Download raw JSONL data for commune meaning in French (5.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.