See commune on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for commune meaning in All languages combined (31.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "house-commune"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "people's commune"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "urban-rural commune"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mey- (change)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "commune"
},
"expansion": "Middle English commune",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "comune"
},
"expansion": "comune",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "comune"
},
"expansion": "Old French comune",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "commune"
},
"expansion": "commune",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "commūnia"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin commūnia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "commūne",
"t": "community, state"
},
"expansion": "Latin commūne (“community, state”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "commūnis",
"3": "",
"4": "common"
},
"expansion": "commūnis (“common”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "comune"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of comune",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "community"
},
"expansion": "community",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "communion"
},
"expansion": "communion",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "common"
},
"expansion": "common",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English commune, comune, from Old French comune, commune, from Medieval Latin commūnia, from Latin commūne (“community, state”), from commūnis (“common”). Doublet of comune. See also community, communion, common.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "commune (countable and uncountable, plural communes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 9 0 17 14 23 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 6 0 21 26 16 13 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 6 1 20 22 17 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 6 5 18 24 14 10 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1975, Peter J. Seybolt, editor, The Rustication of Urban Youth in China, published 2015, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 148",
"text": "The town of Chu-chou in Hunan Province, carrying out the great directive of Chairman Mao that \"educated youths must go to the villages,\" has put into practice factory-commune links, and under the leadership of cadres, has made a collective settlement of educated youths in commune and brigade farms, forest areas, and tea plantations.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community."
],
"id": "en-commune-en-noun-fXkbuvzg",
"links": [
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"rural",
"rural"
],
[
"division of labour",
"division of labour"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 4 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mašāʕiyya",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَشَاعِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 4 4",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hamaynkʻ",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "համայնք"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 4 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "komúna",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кому́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "kommuuni"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 4 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinóvio",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κοινόβιο"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 4 4",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kvutsá",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קבוצה \\ קְבוּצָה"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 4 4",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kibúts",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קיבוץ \\ קִבּוּץ"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 4 4",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "komono"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 4 4",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "komune"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 4 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khum",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "ឃុំ"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 4 4",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑɑsɑngkat",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "សង្កាត់"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 4 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščína",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "общи́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 4 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 4 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "byalag"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A local political division in many European countries."
],
"id": "en-commune-en-noun-2deJE5ta",
"links": [
[
"local",
"local"
],
[
"political",
"political"
],
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"European",
"European"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "komuna",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "կոմունա"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obštiná",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "община́"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "si⁵ zan³",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "市镇"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shìzhèn",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "市镇"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cumune"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cumuna"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obec"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kommune"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "kunta"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "frp",
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "comena"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "commune"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gemeinde"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kommune"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinótita",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κοινότητα"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "komune"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "comune"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑɑsɑngkat",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "សង្កាត់"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khum",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "ឃុំ"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "opština",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "општина"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "komun",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "کمون"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gmina"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comună"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kommúna",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "комму́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščína",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "общи́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "о̏пћина"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ȍpćina"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obec"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "municipio"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 87 4 2 2",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "komün"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The commonalty; the common people."
],
"id": "en-commune-en-noun-4MyUqMow",
"links": [
[
"commonalty",
"commonalty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The commonalty; the common people."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 9 0 17 14 23 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 6 0 21 26 16 13 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 6 1 20 22 17 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 6 5 18 24 14 10 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Communion; sympathetic conversation between friends."
],
"id": "en-commune-en-noun-obN9tBde",
"links": [
[
"Communion",
"communion"
],
[
"sympathetic",
"sympathetic"
],
[
"conversation",
"conversation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, obsolete) Communion; sympathetic conversation between friends."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 9 0 17 14 23 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 6 0 19 27 16 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 6 0 21 26 16 13 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 6 1 20 22 17 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 6 5 18 24 14 10 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1997, David Nicholas, The Growth of the Medieval City: From Late Antiquity to the Early Fourteenth Century, page 161",
"text": "In 1117 the commune and archbishop had separate consuls at Milan.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A self-governing city or league of citizens."
],
"id": "en-commune-en-noun-aJO3qqbr",
"links": [
[
"self-governing",
"self-governing"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"league",
"league"
],
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A self-governing city or league of citizens."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɒmjuːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑmjuːn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-commune-noun.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/En-us-commune-noun.ogg/En-us-commune-noun.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/En-us-commune-noun.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏm'yo͞on"
},
{
"enpr": "käm'yo͞on"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"commune"
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "communen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English communen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "comunen"
},
"expansion": "comunen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "comunier"
},
"expansion": "Old French comunier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "communier",
"t": "to share"
},
"expansion": "communier (“to share”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "commūnico"
},
"expansion": "Latin commūnico",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "communicate"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of communicate",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English communen, comunen, from Old French comunier, communier (“to share”), from Latin commūnico. Doublet of communicate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "communing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "communed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "communed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "commune (third-person singular simple present communes, present participle communing, simple past and past participle communed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 9 0 17 14 23 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 6 0 21 26 16 13 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 6 1 20 22 17 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 6 5 18 24 14 10 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "en:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To converse together with sympathy and confidence; to interchange sentiments or feelings; to take counsel."
],
"id": "en-commune-en-verb-8PxWfMr1"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 9 0 17 14 23 12 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 6 0 21 26 16 13 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 6 1 20 22 17 13 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English heteronyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He spent a week in the backcountry, communing with nature.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To communicate (with) spiritually; to be together (with); to contemplate or absorb."
],
"id": "en-commune-en-verb-daBQSskF",
"links": [
[
"contemplate",
"contemplate"
],
[
"absorb",
"absorb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, followed by with) To communicate (with) spiritually; to be together (with); to contemplate or absorb."
],
"raw_tags": [
"followed by with"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "en:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To receive the communion."
],
"id": "en-commune-en-verb-LZAEfWvS",
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"communion",
"communion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity, intransitive) To receive the communion."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kəˈmjuːn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-commune-verb.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-us-commune-verb.ogg/En-us-commune-verb.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-us-commune-verb.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "kəmyo͞on'"
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "komune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: komune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: komune"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "commune"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch commune",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "commune"
},
"expansion": "Old French commune",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la"
},
"expansion": "Latin [Term?]",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch commune, from Old French commune, from Latin [Term?].",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "communetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-s",
"3": "communetje"
},
"expansion": "commune f (plural communes, diminutive communetje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"com‧mu‧ne"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A commune (community living together with common property)."
],
"id": "en-commune-nl-noun-H-bQC~NB",
"links": [
[
"commune",
"commune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɔˈmynə/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ynə"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-commune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/Nl-commune.ogg/Nl-commune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Nl-commune.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کمون",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "komun"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: کمون (komun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: کمون (komun)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "комму́на",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: комму́на (kommúna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: комму́на (kommúna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kommun",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kommun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kommun"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "komün",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: komün",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: komün"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "communia",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin communia",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "communia"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin communia",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "communis"
},
"expansion": "communis",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin communia, neuter plural of communis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "commune f (plural communes)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"commune (administrative subdivision)"
],
"id": "en-commune-fr-noun-~7kdG97h",
"links": [
[
"commune",
"commune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔ.myn/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-commune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg/Fr-commune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Commune in France"
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "commune",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "commun"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of commun"
],
"id": "en-commune-fr-adj-OT-2c9g1",
"links": [
[
"commun",
"commun#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔ.myn/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-commune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg/Fr-commune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "communi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "commune (plural communi)",
"name": "it-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "comune"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of comune"
],
"id": "en-commune-it-adj-6hxQnfdk",
"links": [
[
"comune",
"comune#Italian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Alternative form of comune"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "communi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "commune m (plural communi)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "comune"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "communità"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of comune"
],
"id": "en-commune-it-noun-6hxQnfdk",
"links": [
[
"comune",
"comune#Italian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Alternative form of comune"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "commūne",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "commūne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "commūne<3>"
},
"expansion": "commūne n (genitive commūnis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "commūne<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"joint, common or public property and rights"
],
"id": "en-commune-la-noun-6dR5qUOo",
"links": [
[
"joint",
"joint"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"public",
"public"
],
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"rights",
"rights"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 23 33 5 0 18 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"public places and interests"
],
"id": "en-commune-la-noun-zrbsScu8",
"links": [
[
"places",
"places"
],
[
"interests",
"interests"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"common feature, characteristic, general rule or terms"
],
"id": "en-commune-la-noun-6OiehRjJ",
"links": [
[
"feature",
"feature"
],
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic"
],
[
"general",
"general"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
],
[
"terms",
"terms"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"general"
],
"id": "en-commune-la-noun-D-rhbVU2",
"links": [
[
"general",
"general"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"league or corporation of citizens"
],
"id": "en-commune-la-noun-diaqT6Mh",
"links": [
[
"league",
"league"
],
[
"corporation",
"corporation"
],
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) league or corporation of citizens"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a universal tax"
],
"id": "en-commune-la-noun-nZcu70xS",
"links": [
[
"tax",
"tax"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) a universal tax"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "commūne",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "commūne"
},
"expansion": "commūne",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 7 8 13 4 13 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "commūnis"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of commūnis"
],
"id": "en-commune-la-adj-0ZFLBFj0",
"links": [
[
"commūnis",
"communis#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "commune",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "… Beloved and feared, through favor of fortune,\nBoth by his lords and by his citizenry.",
"ref": "late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Clerk's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 69-70",
"roman": "Bothe of his lordes and of his commune.",
"text": "[...] Biloved and drad, thurgh favour of fortune,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"commons; citizenry"
],
"id": "en-commune-enm-noun-yvSvz3xx",
"links": [
[
"commons",
"commons"
],
[
"citizenry",
"citizenry"
]
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "komune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: komune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: komune"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "commune"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch commune",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "commune"
},
"expansion": "Old French commune",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la"
},
"expansion": "Latin [Term?]",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch commune, from Old French commune, from Latin [Term?].",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "communetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-s",
"3": "communetje"
},
"expansion": "commune f (plural communes, diminutive communetje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"com‧mu‧ne"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -s",
"Dutch terms derived from Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old French",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Latin term requests",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ynə"
],
"glosses": [
"A commune (community living together with common property)."
],
"links": [
[
"commune",
"commune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌkɔˈmynə/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ynə"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-commune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/Nl-commune.ogg/Nl-commune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Nl-commune.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (change)",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Requests for review of Icelandic translations",
"Rhymes:English/uːn",
"Rhymes:English/uːn/2 syllables",
"en:Collectives"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "house-commune"
},
{
"word": "people's commune"
},
{
"word": "urban-rural commune"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*mey- (change)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "commune"
},
"expansion": "Middle English commune",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "comune"
},
"expansion": "comune",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "comune"
},
"expansion": "Old French comune",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "commune"
},
"expansion": "commune",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "commūnia"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin commūnia",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "commūne",
"t": "community, state"
},
"expansion": "Latin commūne (“community, state”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "commūnis",
"3": "",
"4": "common"
},
"expansion": "commūnis (“common”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "comune"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of comune",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "community"
},
"expansion": "community",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "communion"
},
"expansion": "communion",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "common"
},
"expansion": "common",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English commune, comune, from Old French comune, commune, from Medieval Latin commūnia, from Latin commūne (“community, state”), from commūnis (“common”). Doublet of comune. See also community, communion, common.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "commune (countable and uncountable, plural communes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1975, Peter J. Seybolt, editor, The Rustication of Urban Youth in China, published 2015, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 148",
"text": "The town of Chu-chou in Hunan Province, carrying out the great directive of Chairman Mao that \"educated youths must go to the villages,\" has put into practice factory-commune links, and under the leadership of cadres, has made a collective settlement of educated youths in commune and brigade farms, forest areas, and tea plantations.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community."
],
"links": [
[
"community",
"community"
],
[
"rural",
"rural"
],
[
"division of labour",
"division of labour"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A local political division in many European countries."
],
"links": [
[
"local",
"local"
],
[
"political",
"political"
],
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"European",
"European"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The commonalty; the common people."
],
"links": [
[
"commonalty",
"commonalty"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The commonalty; the common people."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Communion; sympathetic conversation between friends."
],
"links": [
[
"Communion",
"communion"
],
[
"sympathetic",
"sympathetic"
],
[
"conversation",
"conversation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable, obsolete) Communion; sympathetic conversation between friends."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1997, David Nicholas, The Growth of the Medieval City: From Late Antiquity to the Early Fourteenth Century, page 161",
"text": "In 1117 the commune and archbishop had separate consuls at Milan.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A self-governing city or league of citizens."
],
"links": [
[
"self-governing",
"self-governing"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"league",
"league"
],
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A self-governing city or league of citizens."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"historical",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɒmjuːn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɑmjuːn/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-commune-noun.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/66/En-us-commune-noun.ogg/En-us-commune-noun.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/En-us-commune-noun.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "kŏm'yo͞on"
},
{
"enpr": "käm'yo͞on"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mašāʕiyya",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَشَاعِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hamaynkʻ",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "համայնք"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "komúna",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "кому́на"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "kommuuni"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinóvio",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κοινόβιο"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kvutsá",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "קבוצה \\ קְבוּצָה"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kibúts",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "קיבוץ \\ קִבּוּץ"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "komono"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "komune"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khum",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "ឃុំ"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑɑsɑngkat",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "សង្កាត់"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščína",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "общи́на"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "small community, often rural, whose members share in the ownership of property, and in the division of labour; the members of such a community",
"word": "byalag"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "komuna",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "կոմունա"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "obštiná",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "община́"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "si⁵ zan³",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "市镇"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "shìzhèn",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "市镇"
},
{
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cumune"
},
{
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cumuna"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obec"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kommune"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "kunta"
},
{
"code": "frp",
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "comena"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "commune"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Gemeinde"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kommune"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koinótita",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κοινότητα"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "komune"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "comune"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑɑsɑngkat",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "សង្កាត់"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "khum",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "ឃុំ"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "opština",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "општина"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "komun",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "کمون"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gmina"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comună"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kommúna",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "комму́на"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obščína",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "общи́на"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "о̏пћина"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "ȍpćina"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obec"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "comuna"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "municipio"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "local political division in many European countries",
"word": "komün"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"commune"
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English heteronyms",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/uːn",
"Rhymes:English/uːn/2 syllables",
"en:Collectives"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "communen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English communen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "comunen"
},
"expansion": "comunen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "comunier"
},
"expansion": "Old French comunier",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "communier",
"t": "to share"
},
"expansion": "communier (“to share”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "commūnico"
},
"expansion": "Latin commūnico",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "communicate"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of communicate",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English communen, comunen, from Old French comunier, communier (“to share”), from Latin commūnico. Doublet of communicate.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "communing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "communed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "communed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "commune (third-person singular simple present communes, present participle communing, simple past and past participle communed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To converse together with sympathy and confidence; to interchange sentiments or feelings; to take counsel."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He spent a week in the backcountry, communing with nature.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To communicate (with) spiritually; to be together (with); to contemplate or absorb."
],
"links": [
[
"contemplate",
"contemplate"
],
[
"absorb",
"absorb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, followed by with) To communicate (with) spiritually; to be together (with); to contemplate or absorb."
],
"raw_tags": [
"followed by with"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"en:Christianity"
],
"glosses": [
"To receive the communion."
],
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"communion",
"communion"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity, intransitive) To receive the communion."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kəˈmjuːn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-commune-verb.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a6/En-us-commune-verb.ogg/En-us-commune-verb.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/En-us-commune-verb.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "kəmyo͞on'"
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French adjective forms",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from Medieval Latin",
"French terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "kommune",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kommune",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: kommune"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "کمون",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "komun"
},
"expansion": "→ Persian: کمون (komun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Persian: کمون (komun)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "комму́на",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: комму́на (kommúna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: комму́на (kommúna)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kommun",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: kommun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: kommun"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "komün",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: komün",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: komün"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "communia",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin communia",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "communia"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin communia",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "communis"
},
"expansion": "communis",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Medieval Latin communia, neuter plural of communis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "communes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "commune f (plural communes)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"commune (administrative subdivision)"
],
"links": [
[
"commune",
"commune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔ.myn/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-commune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg/Fr-commune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Commune in France"
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French adjective forms",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "commune",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "commun"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine singular of commun"
],
"links": [
[
"commun",
"commun#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɔ.myn/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-commune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg/Fr-commune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Fr-commune.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian adjectives",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian masculine nouns",
"Italian nouns"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "communi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "commune (plural communi)",
"name": "it-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "comune"
}
],
"categories": [
"Italian obsolete terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of comune"
],
"links": [
[
"comune",
"comune#Italian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Alternative form of comune"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian adjectives",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian masculine nouns",
"Italian nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "communità"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "communi",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "commune m (plural communi)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "comune"
}
],
"categories": [
"Italian obsolete terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of comune"
],
"links": [
[
"comune",
"comune#Italian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Alternative form of comune"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin adjective forms",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin third declension nouns"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "commūne",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "commūne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "commūne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "commūnia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "commūne<3>"
},
"expansion": "commūne n (genitive commūnis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "commūne<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"joint, common or public property and rights"
],
"links": [
[
"joint",
"joint"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"public",
"public"
],
[
"property",
"property"
],
[
"rights",
"rights"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"public places and interests"
],
"links": [
[
"places",
"places"
],
[
"interests",
"interests"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"common feature, characteristic, general rule or terms"
],
"links": [
[
"feature",
"feature"
],
[
"characteristic",
"characteristic"
],
[
"general",
"general"
],
[
"rule",
"rule"
],
[
"terms",
"terms"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"general"
],
"links": [
[
"general",
"general"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"league or corporation of citizens"
],
"links": [
[
"league",
"league"
],
[
"corporation",
"corporation"
],
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) league or corporation of citizens"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-3"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"a universal tax"
],
"links": [
[
"tax",
"tax"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) a universal tax"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-3"
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin adjective forms",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin third declension nouns"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "commūne",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "commūne"
},
"expansion": "commūne",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "commūnis"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of commūnis"
],
"links": [
[
"commūnis",
"communis#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "commune",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "… Beloved and feared, through favor of fortune,\nBoth by his lords and by his citizenry.",
"ref": "late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Clerk's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 69-70",
"roman": "Bothe of his lordes and of his commune.",
"text": "[...] Biloved and drad, thurgh favour of fortune,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"commons; citizenry"
],
"links": [
[
"commons",
"commons"
],
[
"citizenry",
"citizenry"
]
]
}
],
"word": "commune"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.