See bourgeois in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "antibourgeois"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bobo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bougie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bourgeoisification"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bourgeoisify"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bourgeoisly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bourgeoisness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bourgie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "de-bourgeoisify"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "narcobourgeois"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nonbourgeois"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "postbourgeois"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "semibourgeois"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "unbourgeois"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "bourgeois",
"4": "",
"5": "a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate"
},
"expansion": "French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "borgeis",
"4": "burgeis",
"t": "town dweller"
},
"expansion": "Old French burgeis (“town dweller”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*burg"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *burg",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burgz",
"4": "",
"5": "stronghold; city"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "burgess"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of burgess",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more bourgeois",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most bourgeois",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "burgeois",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bourgeois (comparative more bourgeois, superlative most bourgeois)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 10 5 4 14 15 14 15 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 14 15 11 17 10 12 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
9
]
],
"text": "bourgeois opinion",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to the middle class (often derogatory), and their presumed overly conventional, conservative, and materialistic values."
],
"id": "en-bourgeois-en-adj-QE9CUMYa",
"links": [
[
"relating",
"relating"
],
[
"middle class",
"middle class"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"presume",
"presume"
],
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"conventional",
"conventional"
],
[
"conservative",
"conservative"
],
[
"materialistic",
"materialistic"
],
[
"value",
"value"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "88 9 3",
"sense": "conventional, conservative",
"word": "square"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "burjuwāziyy",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "بُرْجُوَازِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "buržuakan",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "բուրժուական"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burges"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "buržuázny",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "буржуа́зны"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "buržoázen",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "буржоа́зен"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burgès"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǒuchǎn jiējí",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "有產階級 /有产阶级"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "buržoazní"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "borgerlig"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burgerlijk"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "porvarillinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "keskiluokkainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "bourgeois"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "bourgeois"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "bürgerlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "astikós",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "αστικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "בּוּרגָנִי"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "középosztálybeli"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "borjuis"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "orang borjuis"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "kelas menengah"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "meánaicmeach"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "buirgéiseach"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "borghese"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burgis"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "burjuaziälyq",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "буржуазиялық"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "buržoáski",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "буржоа́ски"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "borgerlig"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "Bǔrʒǔǎzǐ",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "بورژوازی"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "Bǔrʒǔǎ",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "بورژوا"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burżuazyjny"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burguês"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burghez"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burjui"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buržuáznyj",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "буржуа́зный"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "буржујски"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "буржоаски"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "buržujski"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "buržoaski"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "buržoázny"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "buržoazen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burgués"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "borgerlig"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "arianin"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burgis"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 6 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "buržuáznyj",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "буржуа́зний"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "burjuwāziyy",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "بُرْجُوَازِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "burgès"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "borgerlig"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "keskiluokkainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "poroporvarillinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "bourgeois"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "spießig"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "spießbürgerlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "nyárspolgári"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "nyárspolgárias"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "buirgéiseach"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obyvátelʹskij",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "обыва́тельский"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "burgués"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "aburguesado"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 8 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "borgerlig"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 10 13 6 5 21 17 17 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 29 4 4 2 8 32 7 10 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 10 5 4 14 15 14 15 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."
],
"id": "en-bourgeois-en-adj-bUHhoFvd",
"links": [
[
"relating",
"relating"
],
[
"bourgeoisie",
"bourgeoisie"
],
[
"third estate",
"third estate"
],
[
"French",
"French"
],
[
"Ancien Regime",
"Ancien Regime"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Of or relating to the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Marxism",
"orig": "en:Marxism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 13 4 8 17 10 17 18 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Belarusian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 10 13 8 6 20 15 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 13 6 5 21 17 17 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 13 8 6 23 16 19 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 11 7 6 17 12 15 17 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 10 5 4 14 15 14 15 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kapampangan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 13 9 7 19 15 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 14 15 11 17 10 12 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 13 8 6 23 16 19 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 14 7 6 21 15 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 14 7 6 21 15 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to the capitalist class, (usually derogatory) the capitalist exploitation of the proletariat."
],
"id": "en-bourgeois-en-adj-QhKcOhAV",
"links": [
[
"Marxism",
"Marxism"
],
[
"relating",
"relating"
],
[
"capitalist",
"capitalist"
],
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"exploitation",
"exploitation"
],
[
"proletariat",
"proletariat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Marxism) Of or relating to the capitalist class, (usually derogatory) the capitalist exploitation of the proletariat."
],
"tags": [
"Marxism"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "burjuwāziyy",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "بُرْجُوَازِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "buržuakan",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "բուրժուական"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "buržuázny",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "буржуа́зны"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "buržoázen",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "буржоа́зен"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "burgès"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "buržoazní"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "porvarillinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "bourzouádikos",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "μπουρζουάδικος"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "astikós",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "αστικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "בּוּרגָנִי"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "burzsoá"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "buirgéiseach"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "burjuaziälyq",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "буржуазиялық"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "buržoáski",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "буржоа́ски"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "burżuazyjny"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "burguês"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buržuáznyj",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "буржуа́зный"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "буржујски"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "буржоаски"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "buržujski"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "buržoaski"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "buržoázny"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "buržoazen"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 8 81",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "buržuáznyj",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "буржуа́зний"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-bourgeois.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/bʊɹʒˈwɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊɹʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bʊʒˈwɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bourgeois.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg/En-us-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-bourgeois.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg/En-au-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː"
}
],
"word": "bourgeois"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "bourgeois",
"4": "",
"5": "a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate"
},
"expansion": "French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "borgeis",
"4": "burgeis",
"t": "town dweller"
},
"expansion": "Old French burgeis (“town dweller”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*burg"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *burg",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burgz",
"4": "",
"5": "stronghold; city"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "burgess"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of burgess",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bourgeois",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "burgeois",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "bourgeois"
},
"expansion": "bourgeois (usually uncountable, plural bourgeois)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bourgeoise"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bourgeoisie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "embourgeoisement"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "épater le bourgeois"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "petit-bourgeois"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "petit bourgeois"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "petty-bourgeois"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "petty bourgeois"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "en:Politics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 14 15 11 17 10 12 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The middle class."
],
"id": "en-bourgeois-en-noun-1SxOzmUn",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"middle class",
"middle class"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics, collectively, usually in the plural) The middle class."
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"plural-normally",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "burjuwāziyya",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بُرْجُوَازِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "buržuazia",
"sense": "the middle class",
"word": "բուրժուազիա"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "the middle class",
"word": "burges"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "buržuazíja",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "буржуазі́я"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mjaščánstva",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "мяшча́нства"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "buržoázija",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "буржоа́зия"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhōngchǎn jiējí",
"sense": "the middle class",
"word": "中產階級 /中产阶级"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "buržoazie"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the middle class",
"word": "burĝaro"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the middle class",
"word": "keskiluokka"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "the middle class",
"word": "borjuis"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meánaicme"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "buržoazija",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "буржоазија"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burżuazja"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buržuazíja",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "буржуази́я"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "meščánstvo",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "меща́нство"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "буржоа́зија"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "buržoázija"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "buržoázia"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "buržoazija"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "meščanstvo"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "the middle class",
"word": "burgis"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "buržuazíja",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "буржуазі́я"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 38 2 3 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "miščánstvo",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "міща́нство"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 9 8 7 12 17 20 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 14 15 11 17 10 12 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 53 0 47 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An individual member of the middle class."
],
"id": "en-bourgeois-en-noun-E333PCB4",
"links": [
[
"individual",
"individual"
],
[
"member",
"member"
],
[
"middle class",
"middle class"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) An individual member of the middle class."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "buržua",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"word": "բուրժուա"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "buržuá",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржуа́"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "buržúj",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржу́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mješčanín",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мешчані́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mjaščánka",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мяшча́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "buržoá",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржоа́"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "měšťák"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buržuj"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"word": "burĝo"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"word": "porvari"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bourgeois"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bourgeoise"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bourgeois"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"word": "borjuis"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buirgéiseach"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "borghese"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "buržuj",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржуј"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "buržujka",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "буржујка"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "burżuj"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mieszczanin"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mieszczanka"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "burguês"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burguesa"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "burghez"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buržuá",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржуа́"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buržúj",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржу́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "meščanín",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мещани́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "meščánka",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "меща́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "бу̀ржӯј"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bùržūj"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "meštiak"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buržuj"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buržuj"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"word": "burgis"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "buržuá",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржуа́"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "buržúj",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржу́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "miščanýn",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "міщани́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 51 2 13 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "miščánka",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "міща́нка"
}
]
},
{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "5 7 13 8 6 23 16 19 4",
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},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
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},
{
"_dis": "6 7 11 7 6 17 12 15 17 2",
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},
{
"_dis": "8 9 8 7 12 17 20 12 5",
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},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
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},
{
"_dis": "7 8 9 4 12 26 18 13 2",
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},
{
"_dis": "5 7 12 6 8 30 13 17 3",
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},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
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},
{
"_dis": "10 11 10 5 4 14 15 14 15 1",
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},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "8 9 13 9 7 19 15 17 4",
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."
],
"id": "en-bourgeois-en-noun-JOKwXUjp",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"any",
"any"
],
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"i.e.",
"i.e."
],
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"conventional",
"conventional"
],
[
"materialistic",
"materialistic"
],
[
"value",
"value"
],
[
"attitude",
"attitude"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually derogatory) A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "měšťák"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"word": "porvari"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"word": "poroporvari"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"word": "borjuis"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obyvátelʹ",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "обыва́тель"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obyvátelʹnica",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "обыва́тельница"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "meščanín",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мещани́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "meščánka",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "меща́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"word": "burgis"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"word": "burjuva"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"word": "kentsoylu"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"name": "History",
"orig": "en:History",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "2 29 4 4 2 8 32 7 10 1",
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "10 11 10 5 4 14 15 14 15 1",
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},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "8 9 13 9 7 19 15 17 4",
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "6 9 14 7 6 21 15 18 4",
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},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 53 0 47 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."
],
"id": "en-bourgeois-en-noun-0khW3bYS",
"links": [
[
"history",
"history"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
],
[
"member",
"member"
],
[
"bourgeoisie",
"bourgeoisie"
],
[
"third estate",
"third estate"
],
[
"French",
"French"
],
[
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"Ancien Regime"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(history) An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 41 3 51 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zīchǎn jiējí",
"sense": "member of the Third Estate",
"word": "資產階級 /资产阶级"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 41 3 51 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "member of the Third Estate",
"word": "porvari"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 41 3 51 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "member of the Third Estate",
"word": "borjuis"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 41 3 51 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buržuá",
"sense": "member of the Third Estate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржуа́"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 41 3 51 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "member of the Third Estate",
"word": "burgis"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Marxism",
"orig": "en:Marxism",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 13 4 8 17 10 17 18 1",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
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{
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "5 7 13 8 6 23 16 19 4",
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},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
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},
{
"_dis": "6 7 11 7 6 17 12 15 17 2",
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},
{
"_dis": "8 9 8 7 12 17 20 12 5",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
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},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 10 5 4 14 15 14 15 1",
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},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
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},
{
"_dis": "7 10 9 6 8 16 15 13 16 2",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 13 9 7 19 15 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 7 14 15 11 17 10 12 4",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "5 7 13 8 6 23 16 19 4",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "6 9 14 7 6 21 15 18 4",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 9 14 7 6 21 15 18 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 9 13 8 7 20 15 18 4",
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],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
13
]
],
"ref": "1977 [1848], Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei (Marx-Engels-Werke; 4), page 478; English translation from Samuel Moore, transl., Manifesto of the Communist Party (Marx/Engels Collected Works; 6), translation of original in German, 1976 [1888], page 502:",
"text": "Der Bourgeois sieht in seiner Frau ein bloßes Produktionsinstrument. Er hört, daß die Produktionsinstrumente gemeinschaftlich ausgebeutet werden sollen, und kann sich natürlich nichts anderes denken, als daß das Los der Gemeinschaftlichkeit die Weiber gleichfalls treffen wird.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
33
]
],
"english": "Vladimir Lenin",
"ref": "1967 [1894], Владимир Ленин [Vladimir Lenin], “Выпуск I”, in Что такое «друзья народа» и как они воюют против социал-демократов? (В. И. Ленин – Полное собрание сочинений; 1), page 153; English translation from “Part I”, in What the “Friends of the People” Are and How They Fight the Social-Democrats (V. I. Lenin – Collected Works; 1), translation of original in Russian, 1977, page 154:",
"roman": "Net ničevo xarakterneje dlja buržua, kak perenesenije čert sovremennyx porjadkov na vse vremena i narody.",
"text": "Нет ничего характернее для буржуа, как перенесение черт современных порядков на все времена и народы.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."
],
"id": "en-bourgeois-en-noun-QkDWj10O",
"links": [
[
"Marxism",
"Marxism"
],
[
"capitalist",
"capitalist"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"exploiter",
"exploiter"
],
[
"proletariat",
"proletariat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Marxism) A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."
],
"tags": [
"Marxism",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 6 17 7 68",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buržoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 17 7 68",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "burgøjser"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 17 7 68",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"word": "porvari"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 17 7 68",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"word": "lahtari"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 17 7 68",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "astós",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αστός"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 17 7 68",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "astí",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αστή"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 17 7 68",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "bourzouás",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"masculine"
],
"word": "μπουρζουάς"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 17 7 68",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"word": "borjuis"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 17 7 68",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buržuá",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржуа́"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 17 7 68",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buržúj",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржу́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 17 7 68",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"word": "burgis"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-bourgeois.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/bʊɹʒˈwɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊɹʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bʊʒˈwɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bourgeois.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg/En-us-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-bourgeois.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː"
}
],
"word": "bourgeois"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "bourgeois",
"4": "",
"5": "a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate"
},
"expansion": "French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "borgeis",
"4": "burgeis",
"t": "town dweller"
},
"expansion": "Old French burgeis (“town dweller”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*burg"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *burg",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burgz",
"4": "",
"5": "stronghold; city"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "burgess"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of burgess",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bourgeoises",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bourgeoising",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bourgeoised",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bourgeoised",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "burgeois",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bourgeois (third-person singular simple present bourgeoises, present participle bourgeoising, simple past and past participle bourgeoised)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To make bourgeois."
],
"id": "en-bourgeois-en-verb-ZGlHHTgg",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make bourgeois."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-bourgeois.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/bʊɹʒˈwɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊɹʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bʊʒˈwɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bourgeois.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg/En-us-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-bourgeois.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg/En-au-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː"
}
],
"word": "bourgeois"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "burjois"
},
"expansion": "Middle English burjois",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "Bourgois"
},
"expansion": "French Bourgois",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English burjois, from French Bourgois, probably from Bourges (a city in France) + -ois (forming adjectives) but possibly from bourgeois above or after Jean de Bourgeois who worked as a printer in Rouen c. 1500.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "burgeois",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "bourgeois (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Printing",
"orig": "en:Printing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 13 4 8 17 10 17 18 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 8 8 6 16 11 13 26 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 9 9 6 17 13 14 19 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 11 7 6 17 12 15 17 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 10 5 4 14 15 14 15 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 10 9 6 8 16 15 13 16 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 5 10 6 4 18 12 14 26 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "double bourgeois"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A size of type between brevier and long primer, standardized as 9-point."
],
"id": "en-bourgeois-en-noun-oDBwMMDU",
"links": [
[
"printing",
"printing#Noun"
],
[
"size",
"size"
],
[
"type",
"type"
],
[
"brevier",
"brevier"
],
[
"long primer",
"long primer"
],
[
"standardize",
"standardize"
],
[
"point",
"point"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(printing, dated) A size of type between brevier and long primer, standardized as 9-point."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "Continental printing",
"word": "galliard"
}
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"media",
"printing",
"publishing"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiǎowǔ",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "小五"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "borgis"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "burgeois"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "bourgeois"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "petit-romain"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "gaillarde"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "Borgis"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "Bourgeois"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "gagliarda"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "breviario"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bəːˈdʒɔɪs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bəɹˈd͡ʒɔɪs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"enpr": "bər-ʹjois",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔɪs"
}
],
"word": "bourgeois"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɔɪs",
"Rhymes:English/ɔɪs/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː",
"Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kapampangan translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
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},
{
"word": "bobo"
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{
"word": "bougie"
},
{
"word": "bourgeoisification"
},
{
"word": "bourgeoisify"
},
{
"word": "bourgeoisly"
},
{
"word": "bourgeoisness"
},
{
"word": "bourgie"
},
{
"word": "de-bourgeoisify"
},
{
"word": "narcobourgeois"
},
{
"word": "nonbourgeois"
},
{
"word": "postbourgeois"
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{
"word": "semibourgeois"
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{
"word": "unbourgeois"
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"name": "root"
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{
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"2": "fr",
"3": "bourgeois",
"4": "",
"5": "a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate"
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},
{
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"name": "der"
},
{
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{
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burgz",
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"5": "stronghold; city"
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"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "burgess"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of burgess",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more bourgeois",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most bourgeois",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
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],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
9
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],
"text": "bourgeois opinion",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to the middle class (often derogatory), and their presumed overly conventional, conservative, and materialistic values."
],
"links": [
[
"relating",
"relating"
],
[
"middle class",
"middle class"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"presume",
"presume"
],
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"conventional",
"conventional"
],
[
"conservative",
"conservative"
],
[
"materialistic",
"materialistic"
],
[
"value",
"value"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."
],
"links": [
[
"relating",
"relating"
],
[
"bourgeoisie",
"bourgeoisie"
],
[
"third estate",
"third estate"
],
[
"French",
"French"
],
[
"Ancien Regime",
"Ancien Regime"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Of or relating to the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"en:Marxism"
],
"glosses": [
"Of or relating to the capitalist class, (usually derogatory) the capitalist exploitation of the proletariat."
],
"links": [
[
"Marxism",
"Marxism"
],
[
"relating",
"relating"
],
[
"capitalist",
"capitalist"
],
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"exploitation",
"exploitation"
],
[
"proletariat",
"proletariat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Marxism) Of or relating to the capitalist class, (usually derogatory) the capitalist exploitation of the proletariat."
],
"tags": [
"Marxism"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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},
{
"ipa": "/bʊɹʒˈwɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊɹʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bʊʒˈwɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
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{
"audio": "en-us-bourgeois.ogg",
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"audio": "en-au-bourgeois.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg/En-au-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "conventional, conservative",
"word": "square"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "burjuwāziyy",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "بُرْجُوَازِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "buržuakan",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "բուրժուական"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burges"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "buržuázny",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "буржуа́зны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "buržoázen",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "буржоа́зен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burgès"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "yǒuchǎn jiējí",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "有產階級 /有产阶级"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "buržoazní"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "borgerlig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burgerlijk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "porvarillinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "keskiluokkainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "bourgeois"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "bourgeois"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "bürgerlich"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "astikós",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "αστικός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "בּוּרגָנִי"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "középosztálybeli"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "borjuis"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "orang borjuis"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "kelas menengah"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "meánaicmeach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "buirgéiseach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "borghese"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burgis"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "burjuaziälyq",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "буржуазиялық"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "buržoáski",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "буржоа́ски"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "borgerlig"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "Bǔrʒǔǎzǐ",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "بورژوازی"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "Bǔrʒǔǎ",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "بورژوا"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burżuazyjny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burguês"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burghez"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burjui"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buržuáznyj",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "буржуа́зный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "буржујски"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "буржоаски"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "buržujski"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "buržoaski"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "buržoázny"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "buržoazen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burgués"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "borgerlig"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "arianin"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "burgis"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "buržuáznyj",
"sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
"word": "буржуа́зний"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "burjuwāziyy",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "بُرْجُوَازِيّ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "burgès"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "borgerlig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "keskiluokkainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "poroporvarillinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "bourgeois"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "spießig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "spießbürgerlich"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "nyárspolgári"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "nyárspolgárias"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "buirgéiseach"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obyvátelʹskij",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "обыва́тельский"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "burgués"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "aburguesado"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
"word": "borgerlig"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "burjuwāziyy",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "بُرْجُوَازِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "buržuakan",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "բուրժուական"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "buržuázny",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "буржуа́зны"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "buržoázen",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "буржоа́зен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "burgès"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "buržoazní"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "porvarillinen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "bourzouádikos",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "μπουρζουάδικος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "astikós",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "αστικός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "בּוּרגָנִי"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "burzsoá"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "buirgéiseach"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "burjuaziälyq",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "буржуазиялық"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "buržoáski",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "буржоа́ски"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "burżuazyjny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "burguês"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buržuáznyj",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "буржуа́зный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "буржујски"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "буржоаски"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "buržujski"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "buržoaski"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "buržoázny"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "buržoazen"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "buržuáznyj",
"sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
"word": "буржуа́зний"
}
],
"word": "bourgeois"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɔɪs",
"Rhymes:English/ɔɪs/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː",
"Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kapampangan translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "bourgeois",
"4": "",
"5": "a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate"
},
"expansion": "French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "borgeis",
"4": "burgeis",
"t": "town dweller"
},
"expansion": "Old French burgeis (“town dweller”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*burg"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *burg",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burgz",
"4": "",
"5": "stronghold; city"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "burgess"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of burgess",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bourgeois",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "burgeois",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "bourgeois"
},
"expansion": "bourgeois (usually uncountable, plural bourgeois)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bourgeoise"
},
{
"word": "bourgeoisie"
},
{
"word": "embourgeoisement"
},
{
"word": "épater le bourgeois"
},
{
"word": "petit-bourgeois"
},
{
"word": "petit bourgeois"
},
{
"word": "petty-bourgeois"
},
{
"word": "petty bourgeois"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English collective nouns",
"en:Politics"
],
"glosses": [
"The middle class."
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"middle class",
"middle class"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics, collectively, usually in the plural) The middle class."
],
"tags": [
"collective",
"plural-normally",
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An individual member of the middle class."
],
"links": [
[
"individual",
"individual"
],
[
"member",
"member"
],
[
"middle class",
"middle class"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) An individual member of the middle class."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms"
],
"glosses": [
"A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"any",
"any"
],
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"i.e.",
"i.e."
],
[
"over",
"over"
],
[
"conventional",
"conventional"
],
[
"materialistic",
"materialistic"
],
[
"value",
"value"
],
[
"attitude",
"attitude"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually derogatory) A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:History"
],
"glosses": [
"An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."
],
"links": [
[
"history",
"history"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
],
[
"member",
"member"
],
[
"bourgeoisie",
"bourgeoisie"
],
[
"third estate",
"third estate"
],
[
"French",
"French"
],
[
"Ancien Regime",
"Ancien Regime"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(history) An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"history",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English derogatory terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Marxism"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
13
]
],
"ref": "1977 [1848], Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei (Marx-Engels-Werke; 4), page 478; English translation from Samuel Moore, transl., Manifesto of the Communist Party (Marx/Engels Collected Works; 6), translation of original in German, 1976 [1888], page 502:",
"text": "Der Bourgeois sieht in seiner Frau ein bloßes Produktionsinstrument. Er hört, daß die Produktionsinstrumente gemeinschaftlich ausgebeutet werden sollen, und kann sich natürlich nichts anderes denken, als daß das Los der Gemeinschaftlichkeit die Weiber gleichfalls treffen wird.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
33
]
],
"english": "Vladimir Lenin",
"ref": "1967 [1894], Владимир Ленин [Vladimir Lenin], “Выпуск I”, in Что такое «друзья народа» и как они воюют против социал-демократов? (В. И. Ленин – Полное собрание сочинений; 1), page 153; English translation from “Part I”, in What the “Friends of the People” Are and How They Fight the Social-Democrats (V. I. Lenin – Collected Works; 1), translation of original in Russian, 1977, page 154:",
"roman": "Net ničevo xarakterneje dlja buržua, kak perenesenije čert sovremennyx porjadkov na vse vremena i narody.",
"text": "Нет ничего характернее для буржуа, как перенесение черт современных порядков на все времена и народы.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."
],
"links": [
[
"Marxism",
"Marxism"
],
[
"capitalist",
"capitalist"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"exploiter",
"exploiter"
],
[
"proletariat",
"proletariat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Marxism) A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."
],
"tags": [
"Marxism",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-bourgeois.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/bʊɹʒˈwɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊɹʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bʊʒˈwɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bourgeois.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg/En-us-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-bourgeois.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg/En-au-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "burjuwāziyya",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "بُرْجُوَازِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "buržuazia",
"sense": "the middle class",
"word": "բուրժուազիա"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "the middle class",
"word": "burges"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "buržuazíja",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "буржуазі́я"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mjaščánstva",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "мяшча́нства"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "buržoázija",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "буржоа́зия"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhōngchǎn jiējí",
"sense": "the middle class",
"word": "中產階級 /中产阶级"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "buržoazie"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the middle class",
"word": "burĝaro"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the middle class",
"word": "keskiluokka"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "the middle class",
"word": "borjuis"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "meánaicme"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "buržoazija",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "буржоазија"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burżuazja"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buržuazíja",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "буржуази́я"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "meščánstvo",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "меща́нство"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "буржоа́зија"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "buržoázija"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "buržoázia"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "buržoazija"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "meščanstvo"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "the middle class",
"word": "burgis"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "buržuazíja",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "буржуазі́я"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "miščánstvo",
"sense": "the middle class",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "міща́нство"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "buržua",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"word": "բուրժուա"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "buržuá",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржуа́"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "buržúj",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржу́й"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mješčanín",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мешчані́н"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mjaščánka",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "мяшча́нка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "buržoá",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржоа́"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "měšťák"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buržuj"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"word": "burĝo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"word": "porvari"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bourgeois"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bourgeoise"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Bourgeois"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"word": "borjuis"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buirgéiseach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "borghese"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "buržuj",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржуј"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "buržujka",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "буржујка"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "burżuj"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mieszczanin"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mieszczanka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "burguês"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "burguesa"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "burghez"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buržuá",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржуа́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buržúj",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржу́й"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "meščanín",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мещани́н"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "meščánka",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "меща́нка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "бу̀ржӯј"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bùržūj"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "meštiak"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buržuj"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buržuj"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"word": "burgis"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "buržuá",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржуа́"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "buržúj",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржу́й"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "miščanýn",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "міщани́н"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "miščánka",
"sense": "individual member of the middle class",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "міща́нка"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "měšťák"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"word": "porvari"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"word": "poroporvari"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"word": "borjuis"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obyvátelʹ",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "обыва́тель"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obyvátelʹnica",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "обыва́тельница"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "meščanín",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мещани́н"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "meščánka",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "меща́нка"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"word": "burgis"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"word": "burjuva"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person with bourgeois values",
"word": "kentsoylu"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zīchǎn jiējí",
"sense": "member of the Third Estate",
"word": "資產階級 /资产阶级"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "member of the Third Estate",
"word": "porvari"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "member of the Third Estate",
"word": "borjuis"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buržuá",
"sense": "member of the Third Estate",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржуа́"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "member of the Third Estate",
"word": "burgis"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "buržoa"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "burgøjser"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"word": "porvari"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"word": "lahtari"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "astós",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "αστός"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "astí",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αστή"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "bourzouás",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"masculine"
],
"word": "μπουρζουάς"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"word": "borjuis"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buržuá",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржуа́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buržúj",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
],
"word": "буржу́й"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "exploitive capitalist",
"word": "burgis"
}
],
"word": "bourgeois"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɔɪs",
"Rhymes:English/ɔɪs/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː",
"Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kapampangan translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "bourgeois",
"4": "",
"5": "a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate"
},
"expansion": "French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "borgeis",
"4": "burgeis",
"t": "town dweller"
},
"expansion": "Old French burgeis (“town dweller”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*burg"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *burg",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*burgz",
"4": "",
"5": "stronghold; city"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "burgess"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of burgess",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bourgeoises",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bourgeoising",
"tags": [
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"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bourgeoised",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bourgeoised",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "burgeois",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bourgeois (third-person singular simple present bourgeoises, present participle bourgeoising, simple past and past participle bourgeoised)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make bourgeois."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make bourgeois."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-bourgeois.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/bʊɹʒˈwɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊɹʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bʊʒˈwɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʊʒ.wɑː/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bourgeois.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg/En-us-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg"
},
{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː"
}
],
"word": "bourgeois"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔɪs",
"Rhymes:English/ɔɪs/2 syllables",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "double bourgeois"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "burjois"
},
"expansion": "Middle English burjois",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "Bourgois"
},
"expansion": "French Bourgois",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English burjois, from French Bourgois, probably from Bourges (a city in France) + -ois (forming adjectives) but possibly from bourgeois above or after Jean de Bourgeois who worked as a printer in Rouen c. 1500.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "burgeois",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "bourgeois (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"en:Printing"
],
"glosses": [
"A size of type between brevier and long primer, standardized as 9-point."
],
"links": [
[
"printing",
"printing#Noun"
],
[
"size",
"size"
],
[
"type",
"type"
],
[
"brevier",
"brevier"
],
[
"long primer",
"long primer"
],
[
"standardize",
"standardize"
],
[
"point",
"point"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(printing, dated) A size of type between brevier and long primer, standardized as 9-point."
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"media",
"printing",
"publishing"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bəːˈdʒɔɪs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/bəɹˈd͡ʒɔɪs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"enpr": "bər-ʹjois",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔɪs"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "Continental printing",
"word": "galliard"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiǎowǔ",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "小五"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "borgis"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "burgeois"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "bourgeois"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "petit-romain"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "gaillarde"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "Borgis"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "Bourgeois"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "gagliarda"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "9-point type",
"word": "breviario"
}
],
"word": "bourgeois"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bourgeois meaning in English (45.8kB)
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.