"bourgeois" meaning in English

See bourgeois in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/ [Received-Pronunciation], /bʊɹʒˈwɑː/ [General-American], /ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/ [General-American] Audio: en-uk-bourgeois.ogg [UK], en-us-bourgeois.ogg [US], en-au-bourgeois.ogg [Australia] Forms: more bourgeois [comparative], most bourgeois [superlative]
Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː, -ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː, -ɑː Etymology: Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|fr|bourgeois||a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate}} French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), {{der|en|fro|borgeis|burgeis|t=town dweller}} Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), {{der|en|frk|*burg}} Frankish *burg, {{der|en|gem-pro|*burgz||stronghold; city}} Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”), {{m|en|borough}} borough, {{doublet|en|burgess}} Doublet of burgess, {{m|en|burgish}} burgish Head templates: {{en-adj}} bourgeois (comparative more bourgeois, superlative most bourgeois)
  1. Of or relating to the middle class, (often derogatory) their presumed overly conventional, conservative, and materialistic values. Categories (topical): People Synonyms (conventional, conservative): square Translations (conventional, conservative and materialistic): بُرْجُوَازِيّ (burjuwāziyy) (Arabic), burgès (Catalan), borgerlig (Danish), keskiluokkainen (Finnish), poroporvarillinen (Finnish), bourgeois (French), spießig (German), spießbürgerlich (German), nyárspolgári (Hungarian), nyárspolgárias (Hungarian), buirgéiseach (Irish), обыва́тельский (obyvátelʹskij) (Russian), burgués (Spanish), aburguesado (Spanish), borgerlig (Swedish) Translations (of or relating to the middle class): بُرْجُوَازِيّ (burjuwāziyy) (Arabic), burges (Basque), буржуа́зны (buržuázny) (Belarusian), буржоа́зен (buržoázen) (Bulgarian), burgès (Catalan), 有产阶级 (yǒuchǎnjiējí) (Chinese Mandarin), buržoazní (Czech), borgerlig (Danish), burgerlijk (Dutch), porvarillinen (Finnish), keskiluokkainen (Finnish), bourgeois (French), bourgeois (German), bürgerlich (German), בּוּרגָנִי (Hebrew), középosztálybeli (Hungarian), borjuis (Indonesian), orang borjuis (Indonesian), kelas menengah (Indonesian), meánaicmeach (Irish), buirgéiseach (Irish), borghese (Italian), burgis (Kapampangan), буржуазиялық (burjuaziälyq) (Kazakh), буржоа́ски (buržoáski) (Macedonian), borgerlig (Norwegian Bokmål), burżuazyjny (Polish), burguês (Portuguese), burghez (Romanian), burjui (Romanian), буржуа́зный (buržuáznyj) (Russian), буржујски [Cyrillic] (Serbo-Croatian), буржоаски [Cyrillic] (Serbo-Croatian), buržujski [Roman] (Serbo-Croatian), buržoaski [Roman] (Serbo-Croatian), buržoázny (Slovak), buržoazen (Slovene), burgués (Spanish), borgerlig (Swedish), arianin (Tagalog), burgis (Tagalog), буржуа́зний (buržuáznyj) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-bourgeois-en-adj-zbtmpKtr Disambiguation of People: 12 0 11 0 21 4 20 19 13 0 Disambiguation of 'conventional, conservative': 82 9 9 Disambiguation of 'conventional, conservative and materialistic': 83 9 7 Disambiguation of 'of or relating to the middle class': 86 7 7
  2. (historical) Of or relating to the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime. Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-bourgeois-en-adj-bUHhoFvd Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 9 15 2 5 5 21 17 3 21 1 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 7 20 2 6 4 23 21 3 13 1
  3. (Marxism) Of or relating to the capitalist class, (usually derogatory) the capitalist exploitation of the proletariat. Tags: Marxism Categories (topical): Marxism, People Translations (of or relating to capitalist exploitation): بُرْجُوَازِيّ (burjuwāziyy) (Arabic), буржуа́зны (buržuázny) (Belarusian), буржоа́зен (buržoázen) (Bulgarian), buržoazní (Czech), porvarillinen (Finnish), בּוּרגָנִי (Hebrew), burzsoá (Hungarian), buirgéiseach (Irish), буржуазиялық (burjuaziälyq) (Kazakh), буржоа́ски (buržoáski) (Macedonian), burżuazyjny (Polish), burguês (Portuguese), буржуа́зный (buržuáznyj) (Russian), буржујски [Cyrillic] (Serbo-Croatian), буржоаски [Cyrillic] (Serbo-Croatian), buržujski [Roman] (Serbo-Croatian), buržoaski [Roman] (Serbo-Croatian), buržoázny (Slovak), buržoazen (Slovene), буржуа́зний (buržuáznyj) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-bourgeois-en-adj-QhKcOhAV Disambiguation of People: 12 0 11 0 21 4 20 19 13 0 Disambiguation of 'of or relating to capitalist exploitation': 25 5 70
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: burgeois Derived forms: bougie, bourgeoisification, bourgeoisify, bourgie, de-bourgeoisify
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/ [Received-Pronunciation], /bʊɹʒˈwɑː/ [General-American], /ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/ [General-American] Audio: en-uk-bourgeois.ogg [UK], en-us-bourgeois.ogg [US], en-au-bourgeois.ogg [Australia] Forms: bourgeois [plural]
Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː, -ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː, -ɑː Etymology: Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|fr|bourgeois||a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate}} French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), {{der|en|fro|borgeis|burgeis|t=town dweller}} Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), {{der|en|frk|*burg}} Frankish *burg, {{der|en|gem-pro|*burgz||stronghold; city}} Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”), {{m|en|borough}} borough, {{doublet|en|burgess}} Doublet of burgess, {{m|en|burgish}} burgish Head templates: {{en-noun|-|bourgeois}} bourgeois (usually uncountable, plural bourgeois)
  1. (politics, collectively, usually in the plural) The middle class. Tags: collective, plural-normally, uncountable, usually Categories (topical): Politics Translations (the middle class): بُرْجُوَازِيَّة (burjuwāziyya) [feminine] (Arabic), burges (Basque), буржуазі́я (buržuazíja) [feminine] (Belarusian), мяшча́нства (mjaščánstva) [neuter] (Belarusian), буржоа́зия (buržoázija) [feminine] (Bulgarian), 中產階級 (Chinese Mandarin), 中产阶级 (zhōngchǎn jiējí) (Chinese Mandarin), buržoazie [feminine] (Czech), burĝaro (Esperanto), keskiluokka (Finnish), borjuis (Indonesian), meánaicme [feminine] (Irish), буржоазија (buržoazija) [feminine] (Macedonian), burżuazja [feminine] (Polish), буржуази́я (buržuazíja) [feminine] (Russian), меща́нство (meščánstvo) [neuter] (Russian), буржоа́зија [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), buržoázija [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), buržoázia [feminine] (Slovak), buržoazija [feminine] (Slovene), meščanstvo [neuter] (Slovene), burgis (Tagalog), буржуазі́я (buržuazíja) [feminine] (Ukrainian), міща́нство (miščánstvo) [neuter] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-bourgeois-en-noun-1SxOzmUn Topics: government, politics Disambiguation of 'the middle class': 56 37 1 3 2
  2. (rare) An individual member of the middle class. Tags: rare, uncountable, usually Categories (topical): People Translations (individual member of the middle class): буржуа́ (buržuá) [masculine] (Belarusian), буржу́й (buržúj) [colloquial, masculine] (Belarusian), мешчані́н (mješčanín) [masculine] (Belarusian), мяшча́нка (mjaščánka) [feminine] (Belarusian), буржоа́ (buržoá) [masculine] (Bulgarian), měšťák [masculine] (Czech), buržuj [masculine] (Czech), burĝo (Esperanto), porvari (Finnish), bourgeois [masculine] (French), bourgeoise [feminine] (French), Bourgeois [masculine] (German), borjuis (Indonesian), buirgéiseach [masculine] (Irish), borghese [feminine, masculine] (Italian), буржуј (buržuj) [masculine] (Macedonian), буржујка (buržujka) [feminine] (Macedonian), burżuj [masculine] (Polish), mieszczanin [masculine] (Polish), mieszczanka [feminine] (Polish), burguês [masculine] (Portuguese), burguesa [feminine] (Portuguese), burghez [masculine] (Romanian), буржуа́ (buržuá) [masculine] (Russian), буржу́й (buržúj) [colloquial, masculine] (Russian), мещани́н (meščanín) [masculine] (Russian), меща́нка (meščánka) [feminine] (Russian), бу̀ржӯј [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), bùržūj [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), meštiak [masculine] (Slovak), buržuj [masculine] (Slovak), buržuj [masculine] (Slovene), burgis (Tagalog), буржуа́ (buržuá) [masculine] (Ukrainian), буржу́й (buržúj) [colloquial, masculine] (Ukrainian), міщани́н (miščanýn) [masculine] (Ukrainian), міща́нка (miščánka) [feminine] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-bourgeois-en-noun-E333PCB4 Disambiguation of People: 12 0 11 0 21 4 20 19 13 0 Disambiguation of 'individual member of the middle class': 38 49 2 9 2
  3. (usually derogatory) A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes. Tags: derogatory, uncountable, usually Translations (person with bourgeois values): měšťák [masculine] (Czech), porvari (Finnish), poroporvari (Finnish), borjuis (Indonesian), обыва́тель (obyvátelʹ) [masculine] (Russian), обыва́тельница (obyvátelʹnica) [feminine] (Russian), мещани́н (meščanín) [masculine] (Russian), меща́нка (meščánka) [feminine] (Russian), burgis (Tagalog), burjuva (Turkish), kentsoylu (Turkish)
    Sense id: en-bourgeois-en-noun-JOKwXUjp Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 9 15 2 5 5 21 17 3 21 1 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 7 20 2 6 4 23 21 3 13 1 Disambiguation of 'person with bourgeois values': 5 12 59 11 14
  4. (history) An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime. Tags: uncountable, usually Categories (topical): History, People Translations (member of the Third Estate): porvari (Finnish), borjuis (Indonesian), буржуа́ (buržuá) [masculine] (Russian), burgis (Tagalog)
    Sense id: en-bourgeois-en-noun-0khW3bYS Disambiguation of People: 12 0 11 0 21 4 20 19 13 0 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 9 15 2 5 5 21 17 3 21 1 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 7 20 2 6 4 23 21 3 13 1 Topics: history, human-sciences, sciences Disambiguation of 'member of the Third Estate': 12 18 4 62 4
  5. (Marxism) A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat. Tags: Marxism, uncountable, usually Categories (topical): Marxism, People Translations (exploitive capitalist): buržoa [masculine] (Czech), burgøjser [common-gender] (Danish), porvari (Finnish), lahtari (Finnish), borjuis (Indonesian), буржуа́ (buržuá) [masculine] (Russian), буржу́й (buržúj) [colloquial, masculine] (Russian), burgis (Tagalog)
    Sense id: en-bourgeois-en-noun-QkDWj10O Disambiguation of People: 12 0 11 0 21 4 20 19 13 0 Disambiguation of 'exploitive capitalist': 15 13 11 8 53
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: burgeois Related terms: bourgeoise, bourgeoisie, embourgeoisement, épater le bourgeois, petit-bourgeois, petit bourgeois, petty-bourgeois, petty bourgeois
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /bəːˈdʒɔɪs/ [UK], /bəɹˈd͡ʒɔɪs/ [US]
enPR: bər-ʹjois [US] Rhymes: -ɔɪs Etymology: From Middle English burjois, from French Bourgois, probably from Bourges (“the French city”) + -ois (“forming adjectives”) but possibly from bourgeois above or after Jean de Bourgeois who worked as a printer in Rouen c. 1500. Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|burjois}} Middle English burjois, {{der|en|fr|Bourgois}} French Bourgois, {{m|fr|Bourges||the French city}} Bourges (“the French city”), {{m|fr|-ois||forming adjectives}} -ois (“forming adjectives”) Head templates: {{en-noun|-}} bourgeois (uncountable)
  1. (printing, dated) A size of type between brevier and long primer, standardized as 9-point. Tags: dated, uncountable Categories (topical): Printing, People Synonyms (Continental printing): galliard Derived forms: double bourgeois Translations (9-point type): 小五 (xiǎowǔ) (Chinese Mandarin), borgis (Dutch), burgeois (Dutch), bourgeois (Dutch), petit-romain (French), gaillarde (French), Borgis (German), Bourgeois (German), gagliarda (Italian), breviario (Spanish)
    Sense id: en-bourgeois-en-noun-oDBwMMDU Disambiguation of People: 12 0 11 0 21 4 20 19 13 0 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 9 15 2 5 5 21 17 3 21 1 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 7 20 2 6 4 23 21 3 13 1 Topics: media, printing, publishing
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: burgeois
Etymology number: 2

Verb

IPA: /ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/ [Received-Pronunciation], /bʊɹʒˈwɑː/ [General-American], /ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/ [General-American] Audio: en-uk-bourgeois.ogg [UK], en-us-bourgeois.ogg [US], en-au-bourgeois.ogg [Australia] Forms: bourgeoises [present, singular, third-person], bourgeoising [participle, present], bourgeoised [participle, past], bourgeoised [past]
Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː, -ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː, -ɑː Etymology: Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|fr|bourgeois||a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate}} French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), {{der|en|fro|borgeis|burgeis|t=town dweller}} Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), {{der|en|frk|*burg}} Frankish *burg, {{der|en|gem-pro|*burgz||stronghold; city}} Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”), {{m|en|borough}} borough, {{doublet|en|burgess}} Doublet of burgess, {{m|en|burgish}} burgish Head templates: {{en-verb}} bourgeois (third-person singular simple present bourgeoises, present participle bourgeoising, simple past and past participle bourgeoised)
  1. (transitive) To make bourgeois. Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-bourgeois-en-verb-ZGlHHTgg
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: burgeois
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for bourgeois meaning in English (42.7kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "bougie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "bourgeoisification"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "bourgeoisify"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "bourgie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "de-bourgeoisify"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "bourgeois",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate"
      },
      "expansion": "French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "borgeis",
        "4": "burgeis",
        "t": "town dweller"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French burgeis (“town dweller”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*burg"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *burg",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*burgz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "stronghold; city"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "borough"
      },
      "expansion": "borough",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "burgess"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of burgess",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "burgish"
      },
      "expansion": "burgish",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more bourgeois",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most bourgeois",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bourgeois (comparative more bourgeois, superlative most bourgeois)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 0 11 0 21 4 20 19 13 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "bourgeois opinion",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or relating to the middle class, (often derogatory) their presumed overly conventional, conservative, and materialistic values."
      ],
      "id": "en-bourgeois-en-adj-zbtmpKtr",
      "links": [
        [
          "relating",
          "relating"
        ],
        [
          "middle class",
          "middle class"
        ],
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "presume",
          "presume"
        ],
        [
          "over",
          "over"
        ],
        [
          "conventional",
          "conventional"
        ],
        [
          "conservative",
          "conservative"
        ],
        [
          "materialistic",
          "materialistic"
        ],
        [
          "value",
          "value"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "82 9 9",
          "sense": "conventional, conservative",
          "word": "square"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "burjuwāziyy",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "بُرْجُوَازِيّ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "burges"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "buržuázny",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "буржуа́зны"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "buržoázen",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "буржоа́зен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "burgès"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "yǒuchǎnjiējí",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "有产阶级"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "buržoazní"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "borgerlig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "burgerlijk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "porvarillinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "keskiluokkainen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "bourgeois"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "bourgeois"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "bürgerlich"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "בּוּרגָנִי"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "középosztálybeli"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "borjuis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "orang borjuis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "kelas menengah"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "meánaicmeach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "buirgéiseach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "borghese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "burgis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "burjuaziälyq",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "буржуазиялық"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "buržoáski",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "буржоа́ски"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "borgerlig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "burżuazyjny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "burguês"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "burghez"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "burjui"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "buržuáznyj",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "буржуа́зный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "буржујски"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "буржоаски"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "Roman"
          ],
          "word": "buržujski"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "Roman"
          ],
          "word": "buržoaski"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "buržoázny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "buržoazen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "burgués"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "borgerlig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "arianin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "burgis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "86 7 7",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "buržuáznyj",
          "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
          "word": "буржуа́зний"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 9 7",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "burjuwāziyy",
          "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
          "word": "بُرْجُوَازِيّ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 9 7",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
          "word": "burgès"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 9 7",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
          "word": "borgerlig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 9 7",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
          "word": "keskiluokkainen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 9 7",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
          "word": "poroporvarillinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 9 7",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
          "word": "bourgeois"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 9 7",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
          "word": "spießig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 9 7",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
          "word": "spießbürgerlich"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 9 7",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
          "word": "nyárspolgári"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 9 7",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
          "word": "nyárspolgárias"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 9 7",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
          "word": "buirgéiseach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 9 7",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "obyvátelʹskij",
          "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
          "word": "обыва́тельский"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 9 7",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
          "word": "burgués"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 9 7",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
          "word": "aburguesado"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "83 9 7",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
          "word": "borgerlig"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 15 2 5 5 21 17 3 21 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 20 2 6 4 23 21 3 13 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or relating to the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."
      ],
      "id": "en-bourgeois-en-adj-bUHhoFvd",
      "links": [
        [
          "relating",
          "relating"
        ],
        [
          "bourgeoisie",
          "bourgeoisie"
        ],
        [
          "third estate",
          "third estate"
        ],
        [
          "French",
          "French"
        ],
        [
          "Ancien Regime",
          "Ancien Regime"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Of or relating to the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Marxism",
          "orig": "en:Marxism",
          "parents": [
            "Ideologies",
            "Socialism",
            "Politics",
            "Society",
            "Economics",
            "Leftism",
            "All topics",
            "Social sciences",
            "Fundamental",
            "Sciences"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 0 11 0 21 4 20 19 13 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or relating to the capitalist class, (usually derogatory) the capitalist exploitation of the proletariat."
      ],
      "id": "en-bourgeois-en-adj-QhKcOhAV",
      "links": [
        [
          "Marxism",
          "Marxism"
        ],
        [
          "relating",
          "relating"
        ],
        [
          "capitalist",
          "capitalist"
        ],
        [
          "class",
          "class"
        ],
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "exploitation",
          "exploitation"
        ],
        [
          "proletariat",
          "proletariat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Marxism) Of or relating to the capitalist class, (usually derogatory) the capitalist exploitation of the proletariat."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Marxism"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "burjuwāziyy",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "word": "بُرْجُوَازِيّ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "buržuázny",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "word": "буржуа́зны"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "buržoázen",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "word": "буржоа́зен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "word": "buržoazní"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "word": "porvarillinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "word": "בּוּרגָנִי"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "word": "burzsoá"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "word": "buirgéiseach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "burjuaziälyq",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "word": "буржуазиялық"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "buržoáski",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "word": "буржоа́ски"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "word": "burżuazyjny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "word": "burguês"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "buržuáznyj",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "word": "буржуа́зный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "буржујски"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "буржоаски"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "tags": [
            "Roman"
          ],
          "word": "buržujski"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "tags": [
            "Roman"
          ],
          "word": "buržoaski"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "word": "buržoázny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "word": "buržoazen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "25 5 70",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "buržuáznyj",
          "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
          "word": "буржуа́зний"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bʊɹʒˈwɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-bourgeois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-bourgeois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg/En-us-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-bourgeois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg/En-au-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "burgeois"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bourgeois"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "bourgeois",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate"
      },
      "expansion": "French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "borgeis",
        "4": "burgeis",
        "t": "town dweller"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French burgeis (“town dweller”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*burg"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *burg",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*burgz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "stronghold; city"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "borough"
      },
      "expansion": "borough",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "burgess"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of burgess",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "burgish"
      },
      "expansion": "burgish",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bourgeois",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "bourgeois"
      },
      "expansion": "bourgeois (usually uncountable, plural bourgeois)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bourgeoise"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "bourgeoisie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "embourgeoisement"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "épater le bourgeois"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "petit-bourgeois"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "petit bourgeois"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "petty-bourgeois"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "petty bourgeois"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Politics",
          "orig": "en:Politics",
          "parents": [
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The middle class."
      ],
      "id": "en-bourgeois-en-noun-1SxOzmUn",
      "links": [
        [
          "politics",
          "politics"
        ],
        [
          "middle class",
          "middle class"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(politics, collectively, usually in the plural) The middle class."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective",
        "plural-normally",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "government",
        "politics"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "burjuwāziyya",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "بُرْجُوَازِيَّة"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "word": "burges"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "buržuazíja",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "буржуазі́я"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "mjaščánstva",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "мяшча́нства"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "buržoázija",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "буржоа́зия"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "word": "中產階級"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "zhōngchǎn jiējí",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "word": "中产阶级"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "buržoazie"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "word": "burĝaro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "word": "keskiluokka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "word": "borjuis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "meánaicme"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "buržoazija",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "буржоазија"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "burżuazja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "buržuazíja",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "буржуази́я"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "meščánstvo",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "меща́нство"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "буржоа́зија"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "buržoázija"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "buržoázia"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "buržoazija"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "meščanstvo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "word": "burgis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "buržuazíja",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "буржуазі́я"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "56 37 1 3 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "miščánstvo",
          "sense": "the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "міща́нство"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "12 0 11 0 21 4 20 19 13 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
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            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
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        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An individual member of the middle class."
      ],
      "id": "en-bourgeois-en-noun-E333PCB4",
      "links": [
        [
          "individual",
          "individual"
        ],
        [
          "member",
          "member"
        ],
        [
          "middle class",
          "middle class"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) An individual member of the middle class."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "buržuá",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "буржуа́"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "buržúj",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "colloquial",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "буржу́й"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "mješčanín",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "мешчані́н"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "mjaščánka",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "мяшча́нка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "buržoá",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "буржоа́"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "měšťák"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "buržuj"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "word": "burĝo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "word": "porvari"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bourgeois"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "bourgeoise"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Bourgeois"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "word": "borjuis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "buirgéiseach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "borghese"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "buržuj",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "буржуј"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "buržujka",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "буржујка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "burżuj"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "mieszczanin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "mieszczanka"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "burguês"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "burguesa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "burghez"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "buržuá",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "буржуа́"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "buržúj",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "colloquial",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "буржу́й"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "meščanín",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "мещани́н"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "meščánka",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "меща́нка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "бу̀ржӯј"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bùržūj"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "meštiak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "buržuj"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "buržuj"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "word": "burgis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "buržuá",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "буржуа́"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "buržúj",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "colloquial",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "буржу́й"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "miščanýn",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "міщани́н"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "38 49 2 9 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "miščánka",
          "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "міща́нка"
        }
      ]
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    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 15 2 5 5 21 17 3 21 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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            "Entries with incorrect language header",
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        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."
      ],
      "id": "en-bourgeois-en-noun-JOKwXUjp",
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
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          "person",
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          "materialistic"
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          "value",
          "value"
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          "attitude",
          "attitude"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually derogatory) A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "měšťák"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
          "word": "porvari"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
          "word": "poroporvari"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
          "word": "borjuis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "obyvátelʹ",
          "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "обыва́тель"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "obyvátelʹnica",
          "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "обыва́тельница"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "meščanín",
          "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "мещани́н"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "meščánka",
          "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "меща́нка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
          "word": "burgis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
          "word": "burjuva"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 12 59 11 14",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
          "word": "kentsoylu"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "History",
          "orig": "en:History",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
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        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 15 2 5 5 21 17 3 21 1",
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          "_dis": "12 0 11 0 21 4 20 19 13 0",
          "kind": "topical",
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            "Human",
            "All topics",
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          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."
      ],
      "id": "en-bourgeois-en-noun-0khW3bYS",
      "links": [
        [
          "history",
          "history"
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        [
          "individual",
          "individual"
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          "member",
          "member"
        ],
        [
          "bourgeoisie",
          "bourgeoisie"
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        [
          "third estate",
          "third estate"
        ],
        [
          "French",
          "French"
        ],
        [
          "Ancien Regime",
          "Ancien Regime"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(history) An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "history",
        "human-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "12 18 4 62 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "member of the Third Estate",
          "word": "porvari"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 18 4 62 4",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "member of the Third Estate",
          "word": "borjuis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 18 4 62 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "buržuá",
          "sense": "member of the Third Estate",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "буржуа́"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 18 4 62 4",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "member of the Third Estate",
          "word": "burgis"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
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          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Marxism",
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            "Socialism",
            "Politics",
            "Society",
            "Economics",
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            "Sciences"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 0 11 0 21 4 20 19 13 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."
      ],
      "id": "en-bourgeois-en-noun-QkDWj10O",
      "links": [
        [
          "Marxism",
          "Marxism"
        ],
        [
          "capitalist",
          "capitalist"
        ],
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "exploiter",
          "exploiter"
        ],
        [
          "proletariat",
          "proletariat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Marxism) A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Marxism",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "15 13 11 8 53",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "exploitive capitalist",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "buržoa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "15 13 11 8 53",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "exploitive capitalist",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "burgøjser"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "15 13 11 8 53",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "exploitive capitalist",
          "word": "porvari"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "15 13 11 8 53",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "exploitive capitalist",
          "word": "lahtari"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "15 13 11 8 53",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "exploitive capitalist",
          "word": "borjuis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "15 13 11 8 53",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "buržuá",
          "sense": "exploitive capitalist",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "буржуа́"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "15 13 11 8 53",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "buržúj",
          "sense": "exploitive capitalist",
          "tags": [
            "colloquial",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "буржу́й"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "15 13 11 8 53",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "exploitive capitalist",
          "word": "burgis"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bʊɹʒˈwɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-bourgeois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-bourgeois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg/En-us-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-bourgeois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg/En-au-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "burgeois"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bourgeois"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "bourgeois",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate"
      },
      "expansion": "French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "borgeis",
        "4": "burgeis",
        "t": "town dweller"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French burgeis (“town dweller”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*burg"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *burg",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*burgz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "stronghold; city"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "borough"
      },
      "expansion": "borough",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "burgess"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of burgess",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "burgish"
      },
      "expansion": "burgish",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bourgeoises",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bourgeoising",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bourgeoised",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bourgeoised",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bourgeois (third-person singular simple present bourgeoises, present participle bourgeoising, simple past and past participle bourgeoised)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "To make bourgeois."
      ],
      "id": "en-bourgeois-en-verb-ZGlHHTgg",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To make bourgeois."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bʊɹʒˈwɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-bourgeois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-bourgeois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg/En-us-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-bourgeois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg/En-au-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "burgeois"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bourgeois"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "burjois"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English burjois",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "Bourgois"
      },
      "expansion": "French Bourgois",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "Bourges",
        "3": "",
        "4": "the French city"
      },
      "expansion": "Bourges (“the French city”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "-ois",
        "3": "",
        "4": "forming adjectives"
      },
      "expansion": "-ois (“forming adjectives”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English burjois, from French Bourgois, probably from Bourges (“the French city”) + -ois (“forming adjectives”) but possibly from bourgeois above or after Jean de Bourgeois who worked as a printer in Rouen c. 1500.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "bourgeois (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Printing",
          "orig": "en:Printing",
          "parents": [
            "Industries",
            "Business",
            "Economics",
            "Society",
            "Social sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Sciences",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 15 2 5 5 21 17 3 21 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 20 2 6 4 23 21 3 13 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 0 11 0 21 4 20 19 13 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "double bourgeois"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A size of type between brevier and long primer, standardized as 9-point."
      ],
      "id": "en-bourgeois-en-noun-oDBwMMDU",
      "links": [
        [
          "printing",
          "printing#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "size",
          "size"
        ],
        [
          "type",
          "type"
        ],
        [
          "brevier",
          "brevier"
        ],
        [
          "long primer",
          "long primer"
        ],
        [
          "standardize",
          "standardize"
        ],
        [
          "point",
          "point"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(printing, dated) A size of type between brevier and long primer, standardized as 9-point."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "sense": "Continental printing",
          "word": "galliard"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "media",
        "printing",
        "publishing"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "xiǎowǔ",
          "sense": "9-point type",
          "word": "小五"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "9-point type",
          "word": "borgis"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "9-point type",
          "word": "burgeois"
        },
        {
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "9-point type",
          "word": "bourgeois"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "9-point type",
          "word": "petit-romain"
        },
        {
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "9-point type",
          "word": "gaillarde"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "9-point type",
          "word": "Borgis"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "9-point type",
          "word": "Bourgeois"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "9-point type",
          "word": "gagliarda"
        },
        {
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "9-point type",
          "word": "breviario"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bəːˈdʒɔɪs/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bəɹˈd͡ʒɔɪs/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔɪs"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "bər-ʹjois",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "burgeois"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bourgeois"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English indeclinable nouns",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from Frankish",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː",
    "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bougie"
    },
    {
      "word": "bourgeoisification"
    },
    {
      "word": "bourgeoisify"
    },
    {
      "word": "bourgie"
    },
    {
      "word": "de-bourgeoisify"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "bourgeois",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate"
      },
      "expansion": "French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "borgeis",
        "4": "burgeis",
        "t": "town dweller"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French burgeis (“town dweller”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*burg"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *burg",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*burgz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "stronghold; city"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "borough"
      },
      "expansion": "borough",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "burgess"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of burgess",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "burgish"
      },
      "expansion": "burgish",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more bourgeois",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most bourgeois",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bourgeois (comparative more bourgeois, superlative most bourgeois)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English derogatory terms",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "bourgeois opinion",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or relating to the middle class, (often derogatory) their presumed overly conventional, conservative, and materialistic values."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "relating",
          "relating"
        ],
        [
          "middle class",
          "middle class"
        ],
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "presume",
          "presume"
        ],
        [
          "over",
          "over"
        ],
        [
          "conventional",
          "conventional"
        ],
        [
          "conservative",
          "conservative"
        ],
        [
          "materialistic",
          "materialistic"
        ],
        [
          "value",
          "value"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or relating to the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "relating",
          "relating"
        ],
        [
          "bourgeoisie",
          "bourgeoisie"
        ],
        [
          "third estate",
          "third estate"
        ],
        [
          "French",
          "French"
        ],
        [
          "Ancien Regime",
          "Ancien Regime"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) Of or relating to the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English derogatory terms",
        "en:Marxism"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or relating to the capitalist class, (usually derogatory) the capitalist exploitation of the proletariat."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Marxism",
          "Marxism"
        ],
        [
          "relating",
          "relating"
        ],
        [
          "capitalist",
          "capitalist"
        ],
        [
          "class",
          "class"
        ],
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "exploitation",
          "exploitation"
        ],
        [
          "proletariat",
          "proletariat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Marxism) Of or relating to the capitalist class, (usually derogatory) the capitalist exploitation of the proletariat."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Marxism"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bʊɹʒˈwɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-bourgeois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-bourgeois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg/En-us-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-bourgeois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg/En-au-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "conventional, conservative",
      "word": "square"
    },
    {
      "word": "burgeois"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "burjuwāziyy",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "بُرْجُوَازِيّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "burges"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "buržuázny",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "буржуа́зны"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "buržoázen",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "буржоа́зен"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "burgès"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "yǒuchǎnjiējí",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "有产阶级"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "buržoazní"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "borgerlig"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "burgerlijk"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "porvarillinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "keskiluokkainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "bourgeois"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "bourgeois"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "bürgerlich"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "בּוּרגָנִי"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "középosztálybeli"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "borjuis"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "orang borjuis"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "kelas menengah"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "meánaicmeach"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "buirgéiseach"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "borghese"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "burgis"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "burjuaziälyq",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "буржуазиялық"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "buržoáski",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "буржоа́ски"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "borgerlig"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "burżuazyjny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "burguês"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "burghez"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "burjui"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "buržuáznyj",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "буржуа́зный"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "буржујски"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "буржоаски"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "buržujski"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "buržoaski"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "buržoázny"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "buržoazen"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "burgués"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "borgerlig"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "arianin"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "burgis"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "buržuáznyj",
      "sense": "of or relating to the middle class",
      "word": "буржуа́зний"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "burjuwāziyy",
      "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
      "word": "بُرْجُوَازِيّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
      "word": "burgès"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
      "word": "borgerlig"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
      "word": "keskiluokkainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
      "word": "poroporvarillinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
      "word": "bourgeois"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
      "word": "spießig"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
      "word": "spießbürgerlich"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
      "word": "nyárspolgári"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
      "word": "nyárspolgárias"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
      "word": "buirgéiseach"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "obyvátelʹskij",
      "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
      "word": "обыва́тельский"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
      "word": "burgués"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
      "word": "aburguesado"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "conventional, conservative and materialistic",
      "word": "borgerlig"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "burjuwāziyy",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "word": "بُرْجُوَازِيّ"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "buržuázny",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "word": "буржуа́зны"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "buržoázen",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "word": "буржоа́зен"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "word": "buržoazní"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "word": "porvarillinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "word": "בּוּרגָנִי"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "word": "burzsoá"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "word": "buirgéiseach"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "burjuaziälyq",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "word": "буржуазиялық"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "buržoáski",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "word": "буржоа́ски"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "word": "burżuazyjny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "word": "burguês"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "buržuáznyj",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "word": "буржуа́зный"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "буржујски"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "буржоаски"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "buržujski"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "buržoaski"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "word": "buržoázny"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "word": "buržoazen"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "buržuáznyj",
      "sense": "of or relating to capitalist exploitation",
      "word": "буржуа́зний"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bourgeois"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English indeclinable nouns",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from Frankish",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː",
    "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "bourgeois",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate"
      },
      "expansion": "French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "borgeis",
        "4": "burgeis",
        "t": "town dweller"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French burgeis (“town dweller”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*burg"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *burg",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*burgz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "stronghold; city"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "borough"
      },
      "expansion": "borough",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "burgess"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of burgess",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "burgish"
      },
      "expansion": "burgish",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bourgeois",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-",
        "2": "bourgeois"
      },
      "expansion": "bourgeois (usually uncountable, plural bourgeois)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "bourgeoise"
    },
    {
      "word": "bourgeoisie"
    },
    {
      "word": "embourgeoisement"
    },
    {
      "word": "épater le bourgeois"
    },
    {
      "word": "petit-bourgeois"
    },
    {
      "word": "petit bourgeois"
    },
    {
      "word": "petty-bourgeois"
    },
    {
      "word": "petty bourgeois"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English collective nouns",
        "en:Politics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The middle class."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "politics",
          "politics"
        ],
        [
          "middle class",
          "middle class"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(politics, collectively, usually in the plural) The middle class."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "collective",
        "plural-normally",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "government",
        "politics"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An individual member of the middle class."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "individual",
          "individual"
        ],
        [
          "member",
          "member"
        ],
        [
          "middle class",
          "middle class"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) An individual member of the middle class."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English derogatory terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "person",
          "person"
        ],
        [
          "any",
          "any"
        ],
        [
          "class",
          "class"
        ],
        [
          "i.e.",
          "i.e."
        ],
        [
          "over",
          "over"
        ],
        [
          "conventional",
          "conventional"
        ],
        [
          "materialistic",
          "materialistic"
        ],
        [
          "value",
          "value"
        ],
        [
          "attitude",
          "attitude"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(usually derogatory) A person of any class with bourgeois (i.e., overly conventional and materialistic) values and attitudes."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:History"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "history",
          "history"
        ],
        [
          "individual",
          "individual"
        ],
        [
          "member",
          "member"
        ],
        [
          "bourgeoisie",
          "bourgeoisie"
        ],
        [
          "third estate",
          "third estate"
        ],
        [
          "French",
          "French"
        ],
        [
          "Ancien Regime",
          "Ancien Regime"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(history) An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "history",
        "human-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English derogatory terms",
        "en:Marxism"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Marxism",
          "Marxism"
        ],
        [
          "capitalist",
          "capitalist"
        ],
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "exploiter",
          "exploiter"
        ],
        [
          "proletariat",
          "proletariat"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Marxism) A capitalist, (usually derogatory) an exploiter of the proletariat."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Marxism",
        "uncountable",
        "usually"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bʊɹʒˈwɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-bourgeois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-bourgeois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg/En-us-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-bourgeois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg/En-au-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "burgeois"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "burjuwāziyya",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "بُرْجُوَازِيَّة"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "word": "burges"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "buržuazíja",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "буржуазі́я"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "mjaščánstva",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "мяшча́нства"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "buržoázija",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "буржоа́зия"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "word": "中產階級"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "zhōngchǎn jiējí",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "word": "中产阶级"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "buržoazie"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "word": "burĝaro"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "word": "keskiluokka"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "word": "borjuis"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "meánaicme"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "buržoazija",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "буржоазија"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "burżuazja"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "buržuazíja",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "буржуази́я"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "meščánstvo",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "меща́нство"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "буржоа́зија"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "buržoázija"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "buržoázia"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "buržoazija"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "meščanstvo"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "word": "burgis"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "buržuazíja",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "буржуазі́я"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "miščánstvo",
      "sense": "the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "міща́нство"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "buržuá",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "буржуа́"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "buržúj",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "буржу́й"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "mješčanín",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "мешчані́н"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "mjaščánka",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "мяшча́нка"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "buržoá",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "буржоа́"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "měšťák"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "buržuj"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "word": "burĝo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "word": "porvari"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bourgeois"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "bourgeoise"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Bourgeois"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "word": "borjuis"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "buirgéiseach"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "borghese"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "buržuj",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "буржуј"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "buržujka",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "буржујка"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "burżuj"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "mieszczanin"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "mieszczanka"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "burguês"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "burguesa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "burghez"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "buržuá",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "буржуа́"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "buržúj",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "буржу́й"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "meščanín",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "мещани́н"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "meščánka",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "меща́нка"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "бу̀ржӯј"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bùržūj"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "meštiak"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "buržuj"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "buržuj"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "word": "burgis"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "buržuá",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "буржуа́"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "buržúj",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "буржу́й"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "miščanýn",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "міщани́н"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "miščánka",
      "sense": "individual member of the middle class",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "міща́нка"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "měšťák"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
      "word": "porvari"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
      "word": "poroporvari"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
      "word": "borjuis"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "obyvátelʹ",
      "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "обыва́тель"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "obyvátelʹnica",
      "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "обыва́тельница"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "meščanín",
      "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "мещани́н"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "meščánka",
      "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "меща́нка"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
      "word": "burgis"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
      "word": "burjuva"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "person with bourgeois values",
      "word": "kentsoylu"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "member of the Third Estate",
      "word": "porvari"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "member of the Third Estate",
      "word": "borjuis"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "buržuá",
      "sense": "member of the Third Estate",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "буржуа́"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "member of the Third Estate",
      "word": "burgis"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "exploitive capitalist",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "buržoa"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "exploitive capitalist",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "burgøjser"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "exploitive capitalist",
      "word": "porvari"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "exploitive capitalist",
      "word": "lahtari"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "exploitive capitalist",
      "word": "borjuis"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "buržuá",
      "sense": "exploitive capitalist",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "буржуа́"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "buržúj",
      "sense": "exploitive capitalist",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "буржу́й"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "exploitive capitalist",
      "word": "burgis"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bourgeois"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English indeclinable nouns",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English nouns with irregular plurals",
    "English terms borrowed from French",
    "English terms derived from Frankish",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑː/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː",
    "Rhymes:English/ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː/2 syllables",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "bourgeois",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate"
      },
      "expansion": "French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "borgeis",
        "4": "burgeis",
        "t": "town dweller"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French burgeis (“town dweller”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*burg"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *burg",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*burgz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "stronghold; city"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "borough"
      },
      "expansion": "borough",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "burgess"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of burgess",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "burgish"
      },
      "expansion": "burgish",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from French bourgeois (“a class of citizens who were wealthier members of the Third Estate”), from Old French burgeis (“town dweller”), from Frankish *burg, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“stronghold; city”) (whence borough). Doublet of burgess; compare also burgish.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "bourgeoises",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bourgeoising",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bourgeoised",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bourgeoised",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "bourgeois (third-person singular simple present bourgeoises, present participle bourgeoising, simple past and past participle bourgeoised)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To make bourgeois."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To make bourgeois."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bʊɹʒˈwɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑː"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑː"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-bourgeois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/En-uk-bourgeois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-bourgeois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg/En-us-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/En-us-bourgeois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-bourgeois.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg/En-au-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/25/En-au-bourgeois.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "burgeois"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bourgeois"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from French",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔɪs/2 syllables",
    "en:People"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "double bourgeois"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "burjois"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English burjois",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fr",
        "3": "Bourgois"
      },
      "expansion": "French Bourgois",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "Bourges",
        "3": "",
        "4": "the French city"
      },
      "expansion": "Bourges (“the French city”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "-ois",
        "3": "",
        "4": "forming adjectives"
      },
      "expansion": "-ois (“forming adjectives”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English burjois, from French Bourgois, probably from Bourges (“the French city”) + -ois (“forming adjectives”) but possibly from bourgeois above or after Jean de Bourgeois who worked as a printer in Rouen c. 1500.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "bourgeois (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English dated terms",
        "en:Printing"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A size of type between brevier and long primer, standardized as 9-point."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "printing",
          "printing#Noun"
        ],
        [
          "size",
          "size"
        ],
        [
          "type",
          "type"
        ],
        [
          "brevier",
          "brevier"
        ],
        [
          "long primer",
          "long primer"
        ],
        [
          "standardize",
          "standardize"
        ],
        [
          "point",
          "point"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(printing, dated) A size of type between brevier and long primer, standardized as 9-point."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dated",
        "uncountable"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "media",
        "printing",
        "publishing"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bəːˈdʒɔɪs/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/bəɹˈd͡ʒɔɪs/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔɪs"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "bər-ʹjois",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "Continental printing",
      "word": "galliard"
    },
    {
      "word": "burgeois"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "xiǎowǔ",
      "sense": "9-point type",
      "word": "小五"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "9-point type",
      "word": "borgis"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "9-point type",
      "word": "burgeois"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "9-point type",
      "word": "bourgeois"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "9-point type",
      "word": "petit-romain"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "9-point type",
      "word": "gaillarde"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "9-point type",
      "word": "Borgis"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "9-point type",
      "word": "Bourgeois"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "9-point type",
      "word": "gagliarda"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "9-point type",
      "word": "breviario"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bourgeois"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.