See bourgeois in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
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"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
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"name": "der"
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{
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"expansion": "Late Latin burgus",
"name": "der"
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{
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"2": "LL.",
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"expansion": "Late Latin",
"name": "der"
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{
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},
"expansion": "Italian borghese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "burguês"
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"expansion": "Portuguese burguês",
"name": "cog"
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{
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"2": "burgués"
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"expansion": "Spanish burgués",
"name": "cog"
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"2": "bourg",
"3": "-ois"
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"expansion": "By surface analysis, bourg + -ois",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French bourgois, from Old French borgeis (“town dweller”), from borc (“fortified place, town”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“fortress”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰs (“fortified elevation”).\nThe path from Proto-Germanic to Old French is unclear. Perhaps via Frankish *burg or Late Latin burgus, or possibly both, and probably through the Late Latin intermediate burgensis. Compare Italian borghese, Portuguese burguês, Spanish burgués.\nBy surface analysis, bourg + -ois.",
"forms": [
{
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"tags": [
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]
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{
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"pos": "adj",
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{
"word": "bourgeoisement"
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{
"word": "embourgeoiser"
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"glosses": [
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"id": "en-bourgeois-fr-adj-Zach67Hi",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Fr-bourgeois.ogg"
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],
"word": "bourgeois"
}
{
"derived": [
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bourgeoisie"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "parloir aux bourgeois"
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{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
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"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "buržoa",
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"expansion": "→ Czech: buržoa",
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],
"text": "→ Czech: buržoa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bourgeois",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: bourgeois",
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}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: bourgeois"
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{
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"2": "bourgeois",
"bor": "1"
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"expansion": "→ English: bourgeois",
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"text": "→ English: bourgeois"
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{
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"2": "burĝo",
"bor": "1"
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"text": "→ Esperanto: burĝo"
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"2": "bourgeois",
"bor": "1"
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"expansion": "→ German: bourgeois",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: bourgeois"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "borjuis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: borjuis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: borjuis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
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"1": "mk",
"2": "буржуј",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: буржуј (buržuj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: буржуј (buržuj)"
},
{
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"templates": [
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"2": "буржуа́",
"bor": "1"
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"name": "desctree"
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"text": "→ Russian: буржуа́ (buržuá)\n→ Armenian: բուրժուա (buržua)\n→ Georgian: ბურჟუა (buržua)\nRussian: буржуй (buržuj)"
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"5": "",
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"nocat": "",
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"name": "der"
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰérǵʰs",
"4": "",
"5": "fortified elevation"
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"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰs (“fortified elevation”)",
"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
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"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "LL.",
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"expansion": "Late Latin burgus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
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},
"expansion": "Late Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "borghese"
},
"expansion": "Italian borghese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
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"1": "pt",
"2": "burguês"
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"expansion": "Portuguese burguês",
"name": "cog"
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"2": "burgués"
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"expansion": "Spanish burgués",
"name": "cog"
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{
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"2": "bourg",
"3": "-ois"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, bourg + -ois",
"name": "surf"
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"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French bourgois, from Old French borgeis (“town dweller”), from borc (“fortified place, town”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“fortress”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰs (“fortified elevation”).\nThe path from Proto-Germanic to Old French is unclear. Perhaps via Frankish *burg or Late Latin burgus, or possibly both, and probably through the Late Latin intermediate burgensis. Compare Italian borghese, Portuguese burguês, Spanish burgués.\nBy surface analysis, bourg + -ois.",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
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],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
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"examples": [
{
"english": "The mufti orders the Turks to batter the bourgeois, […]",
"ref": "1680, Molière, “Acte IV, Scene V”, in Le Bourgeois gentilhomme [The Middle-Class Aristocrat], page 89:",
"text": "Le Mufti commande aux Turcs de baſtonner le Bourgeois, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
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"id": "en-bourgeois-fr-noun-hrp-635Y",
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{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-bourgeois-fr-noun-e9LHp~J-",
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"(archaic) an inhabitant of a town or city"
],
"tags": [
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"masculine"
]
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"name": "French terms suffixed with -ois",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-bourgeois-fr-noun-p6i4Ck-H",
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"aristocratic"
],
[
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"clerical"
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[
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"military"
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}
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"synonyms": [
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"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "bourge"
}
],
"word": "bourgeois"
}
{
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"French terms derived from Late Latin",
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"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms suffixed with -ois",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
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"derived": [
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{
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}
],
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"name": "inh"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
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"expansion": "Late Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
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"2": "borghese"
},
"expansion": "Italian borghese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "burguês"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese burguês",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "burgués"
},
"expansion": "Spanish burgués",
"name": "cog"
},
{
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"2": "bourg",
"3": "-ois"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, bourg + -ois",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French bourgois, from Old French borgeis (“town dweller”), from borc (“fortified place, town”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“fortress”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰs (“fortified elevation”).\nThe path from Proto-Germanic to Old French is unclear. Perhaps via Frankish *burg or Late Latin burgus, or possibly both, and probably through the Late Latin intermediate burgensis. Compare Italian borghese, Portuguese burguês, Spanish burgués.\nBy surface analysis, bourg + -ois.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bourgeoise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "bourgeois",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bourgeoises",
"tags": [
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"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"expansion": "bourgeois (feminine bourgeoise, masculine plural bourgeois, feminine plural bourgeoises)",
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}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bourgeois"
],
"links": [
[
"bourgeois",
"bourgeois#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/buʁ.ʒwa/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-bourgeois.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Fr-bourgeois.ogg/Fr-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Fr-bourgeois.ogg"
}
],
"word": "bourgeois"
}
{
"categories": [
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"French adjectives",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Frankish",
"French terms derived from Late Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms suffixed with -ois",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bourgeoisie"
},
{
"word": "parloir aux bourgeois"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "buržoa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: buržoa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: buržoa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bourgeois",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: bourgeois",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: bourgeois"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bourgeois",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: bourgeois",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: bourgeois"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "burĝo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: burĝo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: burĝo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "bourgeois",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: bourgeois",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: bourgeois"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "borjuis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: borjuis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: borjuis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "буржуј",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Macedonian: буржуј (buržuj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Macedonian: буржуј (buržuj)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "буржуа́",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: буржуа́ (buržuá)\n→ Armenian: բուրժուա (buržua)\n→ Georgian: ბურჟუა (buržua)\nRussian: буржуй (buržuj)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: буржуа́ (buržuá)\n→ Armenian: բուրժուա (buržua)\n→ Georgian: ბურჟუა (buržua)\nRussian: буржуй (buržuj)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"1": "Inherited"
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"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
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"2": "frm",
"3": "bourgois",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French bourgois",
"name": "inh"
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{
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"2": "fro",
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"4": "",
"5": "town dweller"
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"name": "inh"
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{
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"2": "gem-pro",
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"4": "",
"5": "fortress"
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"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *burgz (“fortress”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰérǵʰs",
"4": "",
"5": "fortified elevation"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰs (“fortified elevation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*burg"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *burg",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "burgus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin burgus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "borghese"
},
"expansion": "Italian borghese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "burguês"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese burguês",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "burgués"
},
"expansion": "Spanish burgués",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bourg",
"3": "-ois"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, bourg + -ois",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French bourgois, from Old French borgeis (“town dweller”), from borc (“fortified place, town”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *burgz (“fortress”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰs (“fortified elevation”).\nThe path from Proto-Germanic to Old French is unclear. Perhaps via Frankish *burg or Late Latin burgus, or possibly both, and probably through the Late Latin intermediate burgensis. Compare Italian borghese, Portuguese burguês, Spanish burgués.\nBy surface analysis, bourg + -ois.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bourgeois",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bourgeoise",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"f": "+"
},
"expansion": "bourgeois m (plural bourgeois, feminine bourgeoise)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The mufti orders the Turks to batter the bourgeois, […]",
"ref": "1680, Molière, “Acte IV, Scene V”, in Le Bourgeois gentilhomme [The Middle-Class Aristocrat], page 89:",
"text": "Le Mufti commande aux Turcs de baſtonner le Bourgeois, […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A member of the middle class"
],
"links": [
[
"middle class",
"middle class"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bourgeois"
],
"links": [
[
"bourgeois",
"bourgeois#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"an inhabitant of a town or city"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) an inhabitant of a town or city"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"someone who belongs to neither the aristocratic, clerical, nor military classes"
],
"links": [
[
"aristocratic",
"aristocratic"
],
[
"clerical",
"clerical"
],
[
"military",
"military"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) someone who belongs to neither the aristocratic, clerical, nor military classes"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/buʁ.ʒwa/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-bourgeois.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Fr-bourgeois.ogg/Fr-bourgeois.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Fr-bourgeois.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "bourge"
}
],
"word": "bourgeois"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bourgeois meaning in French (9.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.