See -um in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "criterium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "datum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "decennium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "delirium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "desideratum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "erratum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "forum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "gymnasium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "honorarium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "imperium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"english": "between war(s)",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"translation": "between war(s)",
"word": "interbellum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "labarum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "mandatum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "maximum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "medium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "millennium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "minimum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "modicum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "mortuarium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "museum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "opium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "optimum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "pessarium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "podium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"english": "after war",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"translation": "after war",
"word": "postbellum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "sanatorium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "solarium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "stadium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"english": "any shiny mineral",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"translation": "any shiny mineral",
"word": "talcum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "tedium"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "ultimatum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "unicum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "vacuum"
},
{
"_dis1": "48 52",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "Valium"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "-"
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"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "bor"
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],
"etymology_text": "From the homographic case endings of the nominative, accusative, and vocative forms of numerous neuter Latin second declension nouns.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
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"name": "head"
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "66 34",
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"_dis": "49 51",
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"_dis": "66 34",
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"_dis": "66 34",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"_dis": "65 35",
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"_dis": "54 46",
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"_dis": "63 37",
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"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
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],
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"Denotes singular grammatical number."
],
"id": "en--um-en-suffix-ypCrNvdn",
"links": [
[
"singular",
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],
[
"grammatical",
"grammatical#English"
],
[
"number",
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]
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"related": [
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"sense": "See also",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"sense": "See also",
"word": "-ium"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"sense": "See also",
"word": "-on"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"sense": "See also",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"_dis1": "59 41",
"sense": "See also",
"word": "-us"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-um"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-um"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-um"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-o",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-ο"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-on",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-ον"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-o"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "-umu",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "ウム"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-um"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-o"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-o"
},
{
"_dis1": "94 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-um"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "en:Chemistry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
"_dis": "49 51",
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"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms the ends of the names of certain elements (such as molybdenum and platinum)."
],
"id": "en--um-en-suffix-UJH-DPpx",
"links": [
[
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"chemistry"
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[
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"element"
],
[
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"molybdenum"
],
[
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"platinum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chemistry) Forms the ends of the names of certain elements (such as molybdenum and platinum)."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"chemistry",
"natural-sciences",
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]
}
],
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},
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"tags": [
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],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Possibly from 'em.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
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"expansion": "-um",
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "en-suffix"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 14 64",
"kind": "other",
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"_dis": "18 6 22 7 20 13 7 7",
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],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Terms featuring the -um suffix, in the 'em sense",
"word": "skookum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms featuring the -um suffix, in the 'em sense",
"word": "smellum water"
},
{
"sense": "Terms featuring the -um suffix, in the 'em sense",
"word": "smokum"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
96,
98
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[
123,
125
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[
145,
147
],
[
256,
258
]
],
"ref": "1871, Mrs. Edward Millett, An Australian parsonage; or, The settler and the savage in Western Australia, page 129:",
"text": "Having finished her return of deaths, she went on to say \"Black fellow sick—white lady fowl sendum—white lady kangaroo sendum—master all self eatum—\" but here she paused and made an exception in favour of the matron, expressed by the words \" Missis not eatum—missis good fellow.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
],
[
19,
21
]
],
"ref": "1896, F J Stimsom, King Noanett: A Story of Old Virginia and the Massachusetts Bay, page 254:",
"text": "\"Givum dinner; smokum pipe,\" was all that we could get out of Quatchett.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes transitive verbs in the trade pidgins used between English-speakers and indigenous populations; used derogatorily by extension in English by addition to any verb, transitive or not."
],
"id": "en--um-en-suffix-GvqyiDHB",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/əm/",
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"tags": [
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"word": "-um"
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{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "criterium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "datum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "decennium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "delirium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "desideratum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "erratum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "forum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "gymnasium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "honorarium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "imperium"
},
{
"english": "between war(s)",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"translation": "between war(s)",
"word": "interbellum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "labarum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "mandatum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "maximum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "medium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "millennium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "minimum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "modicum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "mortuarium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "museum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "opium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "optimum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "pessarium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "podium"
},
{
"english": "after war",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"translation": "after war",
"word": "postbellum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "sanatorium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "solarium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "stadium"
},
{
"english": "any shiny mineral",
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"translation": "any shiny mineral",
"word": "talcum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "tedium"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "ultimatum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "unicum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "vacuum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms which feature the -um suffix",
"word": "Valium"
}
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"forms": [
{
"form": "-ums",
"tags": [
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
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"sense": "See also",
"word": "-a"
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{
"sense": "See also",
"word": "-ium"
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{
"sense": "See also",
"word": "-on"
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{
"sense": "See also",
"word": "-os"
},
{
"sense": "See also",
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],
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{
"glosses": [
"Denotes singular grammatical number."
],
"links": [
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[
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[
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"tags": [
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"categories": [
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"glosses": [
"Forms the ends of the names of certain elements (such as molybdenum and platinum)."
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"(chemistry) Forms the ends of the names of certain elements (such as molybdenum and platinum)."
],
"tags": [
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],
"topics": [
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"tags": [
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]
},
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"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame--um.wav",
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"tags": [
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}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-um"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-um"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-um"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-o",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-ο"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "-on",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-ον"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-o"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-a"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "-umu",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "ウム"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "-um"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-o"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-o"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "Latinate singular grammatical number suffix",
"word": "-um"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English suffixes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Terms featuring the -um suffix, in the 'em sense",
"word": "skookum"
},
{
"sense": "Terms featuring the -um suffix, in the 'em sense",
"word": "smellum water"
},
{
"sense": "Terms featuring the -um suffix, in the 'em sense",
"word": "smokum"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Possibly from 'em.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"cat4": "",
"head": "",
"id": ""
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "en-suffix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
96,
98
],
[
123,
125
],
[
145,
147
],
[
256,
258
]
],
"ref": "1871, Mrs. Edward Millett, An Australian parsonage; or, The settler and the savage in Western Australia, page 129:",
"text": "Having finished her return of deaths, she went on to say \"Black fellow sick—white lady fowl sendum—white lady kangaroo sendum—master all self eatum—\" but here she paused and made an exception in favour of the matron, expressed by the words \" Missis not eatum—missis good fellow.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
6
],
[
19,
21
]
],
"ref": "1896, F J Stimsom, King Noanett: A Story of Old Virginia and the Massachusetts Bay, page 254:",
"text": "\"Givum dinner; smokum pipe,\" was all that we could get out of Quatchett.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes transitive verbs in the trade pidgins used between English-speakers and indigenous populations; used derogatorily by extension in English by addition to any verb, transitive or not."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame--um.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-%26%2345%3Bum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-%26%2345%3Bum.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame--um.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--um.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--um.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c4/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--um.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame--um.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -um meaning in English (9.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.