See -um in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -um meaning in German (6.1kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "la",
"3": "-um"
},
"expansion": "Latin -um",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -um.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "plural",
"3": "-en",
"4": "or",
"5": "-a",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-um n (-en or, -a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German plurals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Generally unproductive suffix found in neuter nouns of Latin origin."
],
"id": "en--um-de-suffix-TdNdy8eW",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊm/"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-heim"
},
"expansion": "-heim",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-em"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "-em",
"4": "-em, -um",
"pos": "dative plural ending"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian -em, -um (dative plural ending)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "German -en",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-hausen"
},
"expansion": "-hausen",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "As a variant of -heim through reduction to [əm] and subsequent backing. Compare -em. This is the only origin in most areas, but along the North Sea coast, where the suffix is most frequent, it sometimes goes back to Old Frisian -em, -um (dative plural ending), equivalent to German -en as in -hausen. Distinguishing both origins is often impossible, however.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Accum"
},
{
"word": "Ackerum"
},
{
"word": "Adlum"
},
{
"word": "Ahlum"
},
{
"word": "Alkersum"
},
{
"word": "Ammersum"
},
{
"word": "Amrum"
},
{
"word": "Ankum"
},
{
"word": "Archsum"
},
{
"word": "Arnum"
},
{
"word": "Atzum"
},
{
"word": "Austum"
},
{
"word": "Baccum"
},
{
"word": "Bachum"
},
{
"word": "Bakum"
},
{
"word": "Balkum"
},
{
"word": "Baltrum"
},
{
"word": "Bargum"
},
{
"word": "Barum"
},
{
"word": "Bassum"
},
{
"word": "Beckum"
},
{
"word": "Beinum"
},
{
"word": "Bekum"
},
{
"word": "Berkum"
},
{
"word": "Berum"
},
{
"word": "Bettrum"
},
{
"word": "Bingum"
},
{
"word": "Blersum"
},
{
"word": "Bochum"
},
{
"word": "Boldixum"
},
{
"word": "Bolzum"
},
{
"word": "Bondelum"
},
{
"word": "Bordelum"
},
{
"word": "Borgsum"
},
{
"word": "Borkum"
},
{
"word": "Bornum"
},
{
"word": "Börßum"
},
{
"word": "Borsum"
},
{
"word": "Breinum"
},
{
"word": "Breklum"
},
{
"word": "Brinkum"
},
{
"word": "Brockum"
},
{
"word": "Bültum"
},
{
"word": "Büsum"
},
{
"word": "Canum"
},
{
"word": "Carum"
},
{
"word": "Critzum"
},
{
"word": "Dahlum"
},
{
"word": "Dalum"
},
{
"word": "Damsum"
},
{
"word": "Dersum"
},
{
"word": "Dettum"
},
{
"word": "Ditzum"
},
{
"word": "Dornum"
},
{
"word": "Dötzum"
},
{
"word": "Dratum"
},
{
"word": "Dunsum"
},
{
"word": "Dunum"
},
{
"word": "Eckum"
},
{
"word": "Eickum"
},
{
"word": "Eilsum"
},
{
"word": "Eilum"
},
{
"word": "Einum"
},
{
"word": "Eitzum"
},
{
"word": "Esklum"
},
{
"word": "Filsum"
},
{
"word": "Flechum"
},
{
"word": "Freepsum"
},
{
"word": "Fulkum"
},
{
"word": "Garbolzum"
},
{
"word": "Grimersum"
},
{
"word": "Gyhum"
},
{
"word": "Harsum"
},
{
"word": "Harum"
},
{
"word": "Hassum"
},
{
"word": "Hatzum"
},
{
"word": "Heersum"
},
{
"word": "Heinum"
},
{
"word": "Heissum"
},
{
"word": "Herbrum"
},
{
"word": "Herßum"
},
{
"word": "Heyersum"
},
{
"word": "Hilmarsum"
},
{
"word": "Holsthum"
},
{
"word": "Holtum"
},
{
"word": "Holum"
},
{
"word": "Hommersum"
},
{
"word": "Hönnersum"
},
{
"word": "Hörnum"
},
{
"word": "Horum"
},
{
"word": "Hötzum"
},
{
"word": "Hüddessum"
},
{
"word": "Husum"
},
{
"word": "Itzum"
},
{
"word": "Jarssum"
},
{
"word": "Jemgum"
},
{
"word": "Kalkum"
},
{
"word": "Karlum"
},
{
"word": "Kehrum"
},
{
"word": "Keitum"
},
{
"word": "Kirchborgum"
},
{
"word": "Klintum"
},
{
"word": "Kökelsum"
},
{
"word": "Kölsum"
},
{
"word": "Krukum"
},
{
"word": "Kuckum"
},
{
"word": "Landersum"
},
{
"word": "Latum"
},
{
"word": "Leversum"
},
{
"word": "Loccum"
},
{
"word": "Logabirum"
},
{
"word": "Loikum"
},
{
"word": "Loppersum"
},
{
"word": "Luttrum"
},
{
"word": "Lutum"
},
{
"word": "Machtsum"
},
{
"word": "Mahlum"
},
{
"word": "Matrum"
},
{
"word": "Mehrum"
},
{
"word": "Mesum"
},
{
"word": "Midlum"
},
{
"word": "Morsum"
},
{
"word": "Muckum"
},
{
"word": "Mundersum"
},
{
"word": "Mussum"
},
{
"word": "Nieblum"
},
{
"word": "Oberhelsum"
},
{
"word": "Ochtersum"
},
{
"word": "Ochtum"
},
{
"word": "Oedelum"
},
{
"word": "Oevenum"
},
{
"word": "Ohlum"
},
{
"word": "Ohrum"
},
{
"word": "Oldsum"
},
{
"word": "Oppum"
},
{
"word": "Östrum"
},
{
"word": "Pelkum"
},
{
"word": "Petkum"
},
{
"word": "Pogum"
},
{
"word": "Polsum"
},
{
"word": "Rantum"
},
{
"word": "Reckelsum"
},
{
"word": "Reckum"
},
{
"word": "Reeßum"
},
{
"word": "Risum"
},
{
"word": "Roklum"
},
{
"word": "Rorichum"
},
{
"word": "Röttum"
},
{
"word": "Rötzum"
},
{
"word": "Rysum"
},
{
"word": "Siegelsum"
},
{
"word": "Sillium"
},
{
"word": "Sorsum"
},
{
"word": "Sottrum"
},
{
"word": "Stadum"
},
{
"word": "Stedum"
},
{
"word": "Stockum"
},
{
"word": "Struckum"
},
{
"word": "Styrum"
},
{
"word": "Süderlügum"
},
{
"word": "Sussum"
},
{
"word": "Sustrum"
},
{
"word": "Sutrum"
},
{
"word": "Tetekum"
},
{
"word": "Thunum"
},
{
"word": "Tinnum"
},
{
"word": "Toftum"
},
{
"word": "Twixlum"
},
{
"word": "Utersum"
},
{
"word": "Uttum"
},
{
"word": "Vahnum"
},
{
"word": "Vanikum"
},
{
"word": "Vernum"
},
{
"word": "Vinnum"
},
{
"word": "Vöhrum"
},
{
"word": "Vossum"
},
{
"word": "Wachtum"
},
{
"word": "Walchum"
},
{
"word": "Walsum"
},
{
"word": "Wankum"
},
{
"word": "Watzum"
},
{
"word": "Wätzum"
},
{
"word": "Wehrum"
},
{
"word": "Werdum"
},
{
"word": "Wessum"
},
{
"word": "Westrum"
},
{
"word": "Westum"
},
{
"word": "Winkum"
},
{
"word": "Wirdum"
},
{
"word": "Witsum"
},
{
"word": "Wrixum"
},
{
"word": "Wybelsum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A placename suffix, often an alternative form of -heim."
],
"id": "en--um-de-suffix-k3R3GnGc",
"links": [
[
"-heim",
"-heim#German"
]
],
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) A placename suffix, often an alternative form of -heim."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊm/"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German non-lemma forms",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German plurals",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Latin",
"German terms derived from Old Frisian",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "la",
"3": "-um"
},
"expansion": "Latin -um",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -um.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "plural",
"3": "-en",
"4": "or",
"5": "-a",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-um n (-en or, -a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Generally unproductive suffix found in neuter nouns of Latin origin."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊm/"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"categories": [
"German 1-syllable words",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Old Frisian",
"German terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Accum"
},
{
"word": "Ackerum"
},
{
"word": "Adlum"
},
{
"word": "Ahlum"
},
{
"word": "Alkersum"
},
{
"word": "Ammersum"
},
{
"word": "Amrum"
},
{
"word": "Ankum"
},
{
"word": "Archsum"
},
{
"word": "Arnum"
},
{
"word": "Atzum"
},
{
"word": "Austum"
},
{
"word": "Baccum"
},
{
"word": "Bachum"
},
{
"word": "Bakum"
},
{
"word": "Balkum"
},
{
"word": "Baltrum"
},
{
"word": "Bargum"
},
{
"word": "Barum"
},
{
"word": "Bassum"
},
{
"word": "Beckum"
},
{
"word": "Beinum"
},
{
"word": "Bekum"
},
{
"word": "Berkum"
},
{
"word": "Berum"
},
{
"word": "Bettrum"
},
{
"word": "Bingum"
},
{
"word": "Blersum"
},
{
"word": "Bochum"
},
{
"word": "Boldixum"
},
{
"word": "Bolzum"
},
{
"word": "Bondelum"
},
{
"word": "Bordelum"
},
{
"word": "Borgsum"
},
{
"word": "Borkum"
},
{
"word": "Bornum"
},
{
"word": "Börßum"
},
{
"word": "Borsum"
},
{
"word": "Breinum"
},
{
"word": "Breklum"
},
{
"word": "Brinkum"
},
{
"word": "Brockum"
},
{
"word": "Bültum"
},
{
"word": "Büsum"
},
{
"word": "Canum"
},
{
"word": "Carum"
},
{
"word": "Critzum"
},
{
"word": "Dahlum"
},
{
"word": "Dalum"
},
{
"word": "Damsum"
},
{
"word": "Dersum"
},
{
"word": "Dettum"
},
{
"word": "Ditzum"
},
{
"word": "Dornum"
},
{
"word": "Dötzum"
},
{
"word": "Dratum"
},
{
"word": "Dunsum"
},
{
"word": "Dunum"
},
{
"word": "Eckum"
},
{
"word": "Eickum"
},
{
"word": "Eilsum"
},
{
"word": "Eilum"
},
{
"word": "Einum"
},
{
"word": "Eitzum"
},
{
"word": "Esklum"
},
{
"word": "Filsum"
},
{
"word": "Flechum"
},
{
"word": "Freepsum"
},
{
"word": "Fulkum"
},
{
"word": "Garbolzum"
},
{
"word": "Grimersum"
},
{
"word": "Gyhum"
},
{
"word": "Harsum"
},
{
"word": "Harum"
},
{
"word": "Hassum"
},
{
"word": "Hatzum"
},
{
"word": "Heersum"
},
{
"word": "Heinum"
},
{
"word": "Heissum"
},
{
"word": "Herbrum"
},
{
"word": "Herßum"
},
{
"word": "Heyersum"
},
{
"word": "Hilmarsum"
},
{
"word": "Holsthum"
},
{
"word": "Holtum"
},
{
"word": "Holum"
},
{
"word": "Hommersum"
},
{
"word": "Hönnersum"
},
{
"word": "Hörnum"
},
{
"word": "Horum"
},
{
"word": "Hötzum"
},
{
"word": "Hüddessum"
},
{
"word": "Husum"
},
{
"word": "Itzum"
},
{
"word": "Jarssum"
},
{
"word": "Jemgum"
},
{
"word": "Kalkum"
},
{
"word": "Karlum"
},
{
"word": "Kehrum"
},
{
"word": "Keitum"
},
{
"word": "Kirchborgum"
},
{
"word": "Klintum"
},
{
"word": "Kökelsum"
},
{
"word": "Kölsum"
},
{
"word": "Krukum"
},
{
"word": "Kuckum"
},
{
"word": "Landersum"
},
{
"word": "Latum"
},
{
"word": "Leversum"
},
{
"word": "Loccum"
},
{
"word": "Logabirum"
},
{
"word": "Loikum"
},
{
"word": "Loppersum"
},
{
"word": "Luttrum"
},
{
"word": "Lutum"
},
{
"word": "Machtsum"
},
{
"word": "Mahlum"
},
{
"word": "Matrum"
},
{
"word": "Mehrum"
},
{
"word": "Mesum"
},
{
"word": "Midlum"
},
{
"word": "Morsum"
},
{
"word": "Muckum"
},
{
"word": "Mundersum"
},
{
"word": "Mussum"
},
{
"word": "Nieblum"
},
{
"word": "Oberhelsum"
},
{
"word": "Ochtersum"
},
{
"word": "Ochtum"
},
{
"word": "Oedelum"
},
{
"word": "Oevenum"
},
{
"word": "Ohlum"
},
{
"word": "Ohrum"
},
{
"word": "Oldsum"
},
{
"word": "Oppum"
},
{
"word": "Östrum"
},
{
"word": "Pelkum"
},
{
"word": "Petkum"
},
{
"word": "Pogum"
},
{
"word": "Polsum"
},
{
"word": "Rantum"
},
{
"word": "Reckelsum"
},
{
"word": "Reckum"
},
{
"word": "Reeßum"
},
{
"word": "Risum"
},
{
"word": "Roklum"
},
{
"word": "Rorichum"
},
{
"word": "Röttum"
},
{
"word": "Rötzum"
},
{
"word": "Rysum"
},
{
"word": "Siegelsum"
},
{
"word": "Sillium"
},
{
"word": "Sorsum"
},
{
"word": "Sottrum"
},
{
"word": "Stadum"
},
{
"word": "Stedum"
},
{
"word": "Stockum"
},
{
"word": "Struckum"
},
{
"word": "Styrum"
},
{
"word": "Süderlügum"
},
{
"word": "Sussum"
},
{
"word": "Sustrum"
},
{
"word": "Sutrum"
},
{
"word": "Tetekum"
},
{
"word": "Thunum"
},
{
"word": "Tinnum"
},
{
"word": "Toftum"
},
{
"word": "Twixlum"
},
{
"word": "Utersum"
},
{
"word": "Uttum"
},
{
"word": "Vahnum"
},
{
"word": "Vanikum"
},
{
"word": "Vernum"
},
{
"word": "Vinnum"
},
{
"word": "Vöhrum"
},
{
"word": "Vossum"
},
{
"word": "Wachtum"
},
{
"word": "Walchum"
},
{
"word": "Walsum"
},
{
"word": "Wankum"
},
{
"word": "Watzum"
},
{
"word": "Wätzum"
},
{
"word": "Wehrum"
},
{
"word": "Werdum"
},
{
"word": "Wessum"
},
{
"word": "Westrum"
},
{
"word": "Westum"
},
{
"word": "Winkum"
},
{
"word": "Wirdum"
},
{
"word": "Witsum"
},
{
"word": "Wrixum"
},
{
"word": "Wybelsum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-heim"
},
"expansion": "-heim",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-em"
},
"expansion": "-em",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "-em",
"4": "-em, -um",
"pos": "dative plural ending"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian -em, -um (dative plural ending)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "German -en",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-hausen"
},
"expansion": "-hausen",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "As a variant of -heim through reduction to [əm] and subsequent backing. Compare -em. This is the only origin in most areas, but along the North Sea coast, where the suffix is most frequent, it sometimes goes back to Old Frisian -em, -um (dative plural ending), equivalent to German -en as in -hausen. Distinguishing both origins is often impossible, however.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A placename suffix, often an alternative form of -heim."
],
"links": [
[
"-heim",
"-heim#German"
]
],
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) A placename suffix, often an alternative form of -heim."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊm/"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: -en or",
"path": [
"-um"
],
"section": "German",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-um",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: -a",
"path": [
"-um"
],
"section": "German",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-um",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.