See -um in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "la",
"3": "-um"
},
"expansion": "Latin -um",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -um.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-en",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-en",
"5": "or",
"6": "-a",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-um n (plural -en or -a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"generally unproductive suffix found in neuter nouns of Latin origin"
],
"id": "en--um-de-suffix-Z-uMLlih",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊm/"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "-em",
"4": "-em, -um",
"pos": "dative plural ending"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian -em, -um (dative plural ending)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "German -en",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "As a variant of -heim through reduction to [əm] and subsequent backing. Compare -em. This is the only origin in most areas, but along the North Sea coast, where the suffix is most frequent, it sometimes goes back to Old Frisian -em, -um (dative plural ending), equivalent to German -en as in -hausen. Distinguishing both origins is often impossible, however.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "Accum"
},
{
"word": "Ackerum"
},
{
"word": "Adlum"
},
{
"word": "Ahlum"
},
{
"word": "Alkersum"
},
{
"word": "Alsum"
},
{
"word": "Ammersum"
},
{
"word": "Amrum"
},
{
"word": "Ankum"
},
{
"word": "Archsum"
},
{
"word": "Arnum"
},
{
"word": "Atzum"
},
{
"word": "Austum"
},
{
"word": "Baccum"
},
{
"word": "Bachum"
},
{
"word": "Bakum"
},
{
"word": "Balkum"
},
{
"word": "Baltrum"
},
{
"word": "Bargum"
},
{
"word": "Barum"
},
{
"word": "Bassum"
},
{
"word": "Beckum"
},
{
"word": "Beinum"
},
{
"word": "Bekum"
},
{
"word": "Belum"
},
{
"word": "Berkum"
},
{
"word": "Berum"
},
{
"word": "Bettrum"
},
{
"word": "Bingum"
},
{
"word": "Blersum"
},
{
"word": "Bochum"
},
{
"word": "Boldixum"
},
{
"word": "Bolzum"
},
{
"word": "Bondelum"
},
{
"word": "Bordelum"
},
{
"word": "Borgsum"
},
{
"word": "Borkum"
},
{
"word": "Bornum"
},
{
"word": "Börßum"
},
{
"word": "Borsum"
},
{
"word": "Breinum"
},
{
"word": "Breklum"
},
{
"word": "Brinkum"
},
{
"word": "Brockum"
},
{
"word": "Bültum"
},
{
"word": "Büsum"
},
{
"word": "Canum"
},
{
"word": "Carum"
},
{
"word": "Cirkwehrum"
},
{
"word": "Critzum"
},
{
"word": "Dahlum"
},
{
"word": "Dalum"
},
{
"word": "Damsum"
},
{
"word": "Dersum"
},
{
"word": "Dettum"
},
{
"word": "Ditzum"
},
{
"word": "Dornum"
},
{
"word": "Dorum"
},
{
"word": "Dötzum"
},
{
"word": "Dratum"
},
{
"word": "Dunsum"
},
{
"word": "Dunum"
},
{
"word": "Eckum"
},
{
"word": "Eickum"
},
{
"word": "Eilsum"
},
{
"word": "Eilum"
},
{
"word": "Einum"
},
{
"word": "Eitzum"
},
{
"word": "Esklum"
},
{
"word": "Extum"
},
{
"word": "Filsum"
},
{
"word": "Flechum"
},
{
"word": "Freepsum"
},
{
"word": "Fulkum"
},
{
"word": "Garbolzum"
},
{
"word": "Grimersum"
},
{
"word": "Gyhum"
},
{
"word": "Hamswehrum"
},
{
"word": "Harsum"
},
{
"word": "Harum"
},
{
"word": "Hassum"
},
{
"word": "Hatzum"
},
{
"word": "Haxtum"
},
{
"word": "Heersum"
},
{
"word": "Heinum"
},
{
"word": "Heissum"
},
{
"word": "Herbrum"
},
{
"word": "Herßum"
},
{
"word": "Heyersum"
},
{
"word": "Hilmarsum"
},
{
"word": "Holsthum"
},
{
"word": "Holtum"
},
{
"word": "Holum"
},
{
"word": "Hommersum"
},
{
"word": "Hönnersum"
},
{
"word": "Hörnum"
},
{
"word": "Horum"
},
{
"word": "Hötzum"
},
{
"word": "Hüddessum"
},
{
"word": "Husum"
},
{
"word": "Imsum"
},
{
"word": "Itzum"
},
{
"word": "Jarssum"
},
{
"word": "Jemgum"
},
{
"word": "Kalkum"
},
{
"word": "Karlum"
},
{
"word": "Kehrum"
},
{
"word": "Keitum"
},
{
"word": "Kirchborgum"
},
{
"word": "Klintum"
},
{
"word": "Kökelsum"
},
{
"word": "Kölsum"
},
{
"word": "Krukum"
},
{
"word": "Kuckum"
},
{
"word": "Landersum"
},
{
"word": "Latum"
},
{
"word": "Leversum"
},
{
"word": "Loccum"
},
{
"word": "Logabirum"
},
{
"word": "Loikum"
},
{
"word": "Loppersum"
},
{
"word": "Luttrum"
},
{
"word": "Luttum"
},
{
"word": "Lutum"
},
{
"word": "Machtsum"
},
{
"word": "Mahlum"
},
{
"word": "Matrum"
},
{
"word": "Mehrum"
},
{
"word": "Mesum"
},
{
"word": "Midlum"
},
{
"word": "Morsum"
},
{
"word": "Muckum"
},
{
"word": "Mulsum"
},
{
"word": "Mundersum"
},
{
"word": "Mussum"
},
{
"word": "Nieblum"
},
{
"word": "Oberhelsum"
},
{
"word": "Ochtersum"
},
{
"word": "Ochtum"
},
{
"word": "Oedelum"
},
{
"word": "Oevenum"
},
{
"word": "Ohlum"
},
{
"word": "Ohrum"
},
{
"word": "Oldsum"
},
{
"word": "Oppum"
},
{
"word": "Östrum"
},
{
"word": "Pelkum"
},
{
"word": "Petkum"
},
{
"word": "Pewsum"
},
{
"word": "Pogum"
},
{
"word": "Polsum"
},
{
"word": "Querum"
},
{
"word": "Rantum"
},
{
"word": "Reckelsum"
},
{
"word": "Reckum"
},
{
"word": "Reeßum"
},
{
"word": "Risum"
},
{
"word": "Roklum"
},
{
"word": "Rorichum"
},
{
"word": "Röttum"
},
{
"word": "Rötzum"
},
{
"word": "Rysum"
},
{
"word": "Siegelsum"
},
{
"word": "Sillium"
},
{
"word": "Sorsum"
},
{
"word": "Sottrum"
},
{
"word": "Stadum"
},
{
"word": "Stedum"
},
{
"word": "Stockum"
},
{
"word": "Struckum"
},
{
"word": "Styrum"
},
{
"word": "Süderlügum"
},
{
"word": "Sussum"
},
{
"word": "Sustrum"
},
{
"word": "Sutrum"
},
{
"word": "Sydikum"
},
{
"word": "Tetekum"
},
{
"word": "Thunum"
},
{
"word": "Tinnum"
},
{
"word": "Toftum"
},
{
"word": "Twixlum"
},
{
"word": "Utersum"
},
{
"word": "Uthwerdum"
},
{
"word": "Uttum"
},
{
"word": "Vahnum"
},
{
"word": "Vanikum"
},
{
"word": "Vernum"
},
{
"word": "Vinnum"
},
{
"word": "Vöhrum"
},
{
"word": "Vossum"
},
{
"word": "Wachtum"
},
{
"word": "Waggum"
},
{
"word": "Walchum"
},
{
"word": "Walsum"
},
{
"word": "Wankum"
},
{
"word": "Watzum"
},
{
"word": "Wätzum"
},
{
"word": "Wehrum"
},
{
"word": "Werdum"
},
{
"word": "Wessum"
},
{
"word": "Westrum"
},
{
"word": "Westum"
},
{
"word": "Winkum"
},
{
"word": "Wirdum"
},
{
"word": "Witsum"
},
{
"word": "Wrixum"
},
{
"word": "Wybelsum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a placename suffix, often an alternative form of -heim"
],
"id": "en--um-de-suffix-~VSCtMO9",
"links": [
[
"-heim",
"-heim#German"
]
],
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) a placename suffix, often an alternative form of -heim"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊm/"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German neuter suffixes",
"German noun-forming suffixes",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Latin",
"German terms derived from Old Frisian",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "la",
"3": "-um"
},
"expansion": "Latin -um",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin -um.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-en",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-a",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "plural",
"4": "-en",
"5": "or",
"6": "-a",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "-um n (plural -en or -a)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"generally unproductive suffix found in neuter nouns of Latin origin"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊm/"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German suffixes",
"German terms derived from Old Frisian",
"Pages with 18 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Accum"
},
{
"word": "Ackerum"
},
{
"word": "Adlum"
},
{
"word": "Ahlum"
},
{
"word": "Alkersum"
},
{
"word": "Alsum"
},
{
"word": "Ammersum"
},
{
"word": "Amrum"
},
{
"word": "Ankum"
},
{
"word": "Archsum"
},
{
"word": "Arnum"
},
{
"word": "Atzum"
},
{
"word": "Austum"
},
{
"word": "Baccum"
},
{
"word": "Bachum"
},
{
"word": "Bakum"
},
{
"word": "Balkum"
},
{
"word": "Baltrum"
},
{
"word": "Bargum"
},
{
"word": "Barum"
},
{
"word": "Bassum"
},
{
"word": "Beckum"
},
{
"word": "Beinum"
},
{
"word": "Bekum"
},
{
"word": "Belum"
},
{
"word": "Berkum"
},
{
"word": "Berum"
},
{
"word": "Bettrum"
},
{
"word": "Bingum"
},
{
"word": "Blersum"
},
{
"word": "Bochum"
},
{
"word": "Boldixum"
},
{
"word": "Bolzum"
},
{
"word": "Bondelum"
},
{
"word": "Bordelum"
},
{
"word": "Borgsum"
},
{
"word": "Borkum"
},
{
"word": "Bornum"
},
{
"word": "Börßum"
},
{
"word": "Borsum"
},
{
"word": "Breinum"
},
{
"word": "Breklum"
},
{
"word": "Brinkum"
},
{
"word": "Brockum"
},
{
"word": "Bültum"
},
{
"word": "Büsum"
},
{
"word": "Canum"
},
{
"word": "Carum"
},
{
"word": "Cirkwehrum"
},
{
"word": "Critzum"
},
{
"word": "Dahlum"
},
{
"word": "Dalum"
},
{
"word": "Damsum"
},
{
"word": "Dersum"
},
{
"word": "Dettum"
},
{
"word": "Ditzum"
},
{
"word": "Dornum"
},
{
"word": "Dorum"
},
{
"word": "Dötzum"
},
{
"word": "Dratum"
},
{
"word": "Dunsum"
},
{
"word": "Dunum"
},
{
"word": "Eckum"
},
{
"word": "Eickum"
},
{
"word": "Eilsum"
},
{
"word": "Eilum"
},
{
"word": "Einum"
},
{
"word": "Eitzum"
},
{
"word": "Esklum"
},
{
"word": "Extum"
},
{
"word": "Filsum"
},
{
"word": "Flechum"
},
{
"word": "Freepsum"
},
{
"word": "Fulkum"
},
{
"word": "Garbolzum"
},
{
"word": "Grimersum"
},
{
"word": "Gyhum"
},
{
"word": "Hamswehrum"
},
{
"word": "Harsum"
},
{
"word": "Harum"
},
{
"word": "Hassum"
},
{
"word": "Hatzum"
},
{
"word": "Haxtum"
},
{
"word": "Heersum"
},
{
"word": "Heinum"
},
{
"word": "Heissum"
},
{
"word": "Herbrum"
},
{
"word": "Herßum"
},
{
"word": "Heyersum"
},
{
"word": "Hilmarsum"
},
{
"word": "Holsthum"
},
{
"word": "Holtum"
},
{
"word": "Holum"
},
{
"word": "Hommersum"
},
{
"word": "Hönnersum"
},
{
"word": "Hörnum"
},
{
"word": "Horum"
},
{
"word": "Hötzum"
},
{
"word": "Hüddessum"
},
{
"word": "Husum"
},
{
"word": "Imsum"
},
{
"word": "Itzum"
},
{
"word": "Jarssum"
},
{
"word": "Jemgum"
},
{
"word": "Kalkum"
},
{
"word": "Karlum"
},
{
"word": "Kehrum"
},
{
"word": "Keitum"
},
{
"word": "Kirchborgum"
},
{
"word": "Klintum"
},
{
"word": "Kökelsum"
},
{
"word": "Kölsum"
},
{
"word": "Krukum"
},
{
"word": "Kuckum"
},
{
"word": "Landersum"
},
{
"word": "Latum"
},
{
"word": "Leversum"
},
{
"word": "Loccum"
},
{
"word": "Logabirum"
},
{
"word": "Loikum"
},
{
"word": "Loppersum"
},
{
"word": "Luttrum"
},
{
"word": "Luttum"
},
{
"word": "Lutum"
},
{
"word": "Machtsum"
},
{
"word": "Mahlum"
},
{
"word": "Matrum"
},
{
"word": "Mehrum"
},
{
"word": "Mesum"
},
{
"word": "Midlum"
},
{
"word": "Morsum"
},
{
"word": "Muckum"
},
{
"word": "Mulsum"
},
{
"word": "Mundersum"
},
{
"word": "Mussum"
},
{
"word": "Nieblum"
},
{
"word": "Oberhelsum"
},
{
"word": "Ochtersum"
},
{
"word": "Ochtum"
},
{
"word": "Oedelum"
},
{
"word": "Oevenum"
},
{
"word": "Ohlum"
},
{
"word": "Ohrum"
},
{
"word": "Oldsum"
},
{
"word": "Oppum"
},
{
"word": "Östrum"
},
{
"word": "Pelkum"
},
{
"word": "Petkum"
},
{
"word": "Pewsum"
},
{
"word": "Pogum"
},
{
"word": "Polsum"
},
{
"word": "Querum"
},
{
"word": "Rantum"
},
{
"word": "Reckelsum"
},
{
"word": "Reckum"
},
{
"word": "Reeßum"
},
{
"word": "Risum"
},
{
"word": "Roklum"
},
{
"word": "Rorichum"
},
{
"word": "Röttum"
},
{
"word": "Rötzum"
},
{
"word": "Rysum"
},
{
"word": "Siegelsum"
},
{
"word": "Sillium"
},
{
"word": "Sorsum"
},
{
"word": "Sottrum"
},
{
"word": "Stadum"
},
{
"word": "Stedum"
},
{
"word": "Stockum"
},
{
"word": "Struckum"
},
{
"word": "Styrum"
},
{
"word": "Süderlügum"
},
{
"word": "Sussum"
},
{
"word": "Sustrum"
},
{
"word": "Sutrum"
},
{
"word": "Sydikum"
},
{
"word": "Tetekum"
},
{
"word": "Thunum"
},
{
"word": "Tinnum"
},
{
"word": "Toftum"
},
{
"word": "Twixlum"
},
{
"word": "Utersum"
},
{
"word": "Uthwerdum"
},
{
"word": "Uttum"
},
{
"word": "Vahnum"
},
{
"word": "Vanikum"
},
{
"word": "Vernum"
},
{
"word": "Vinnum"
},
{
"word": "Vöhrum"
},
{
"word": "Vossum"
},
{
"word": "Wachtum"
},
{
"word": "Waggum"
},
{
"word": "Walchum"
},
{
"word": "Walsum"
},
{
"word": "Wankum"
},
{
"word": "Watzum"
},
{
"word": "Wätzum"
},
{
"word": "Wehrum"
},
{
"word": "Werdum"
},
{
"word": "Wessum"
},
{
"word": "Westrum"
},
{
"word": "Westum"
},
{
"word": "Winkum"
},
{
"word": "Wirdum"
},
{
"word": "Witsum"
},
{
"word": "Wrixum"
},
{
"word": "Wybelsum"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ofs",
"3": "-em",
"4": "-em, -um",
"pos": "dative plural ending"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian -em, -um (dative plural ending)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "-en"
},
"expansion": "German -en",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "As a variant of -heim through reduction to [əm] and subsequent backing. Compare -em. This is the only origin in most areas, but along the North Sea coast, where the suffix is most frequent, it sometimes goes back to Old Frisian -em, -um (dative plural ending), equivalent to German -en as in -hausen. Distinguishing both origins is often impossible, however.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-um",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a placename suffix, often an alternative form of -heim"
],
"links": [
[
"-heim",
"-heim#German"
]
],
"qualifier": "unproductive",
"raw_glosses": [
"(unproductive) a placename suffix, often an alternative form of -heim"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʊm/"
}
],
"word": "-um"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -um meaning in German (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.