See referendum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for referendum meaning in English (17.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pseudoreferendum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "referendus",
"4": "referendum",
"5": "that which ought to be announced"
},
"expansion": "Latin referendum (“that which ought to be announced”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "refero",
"3": "",
"4": "I announce"
},
"expansion": "refero (“I announce”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin referendum (“that which ought to be announced”), from refero (“I announce”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "referenda",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referendums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "referenda",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "referendum (plural referenda or referendums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ad referendum"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "en:Politics",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Democracy",
"orig": "en:Democracy",
"parents": [
"Forms of government",
"Government",
"Politics",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1975, Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau, Informational Bulletin",
"text": "In some cases, a referendum on the proposed bond issue must be held.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Nalini Mohabir, “Renaming the Cook Islands would be a vital step towards true independence”, in Guardian.",
"text": "Although the Cook Islands held a referendum in 1994, when voters rejected a name change, the yearning for a decolonised identity has not disappeared.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment. (The adposition on is usually used before the related subject of the vote.)"
],
"id": "en-referendum-en-noun-hIm05Eb~",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"popular",
"popular"
],
[
"vote",
"vote"
],
[
"propose",
"propose"
],
[
"law",
"law"
],
[
"constitutional",
"constitutional"
],
[
"amendment",
"amendment"
],
[
"on",
"on"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) A direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment. (The adposition on is usually used before the related subject of the vote.)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "plebiscite"
}
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "istiftāʔ",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِسْتِفْتاء"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "istiftāʔ",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِسْتِفْتاء"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ṙeferendum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "ռեֆերենդում"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hanrakʻve",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "հանրաքվե"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "ümumxalq sorğu"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "ümumi rəy sorğusu"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "refjeréndum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рэферэ́ндум"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "referéndum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рефере́ндум"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hcanda.hkam-yuhkrang:",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "ဆန္ဒခံယူခြင်း"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hcanda.hkam-yu-pwai:",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "ဆန္ဒခံယူပွဲ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referèndum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōngmín tóupiào",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "公民投票"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōngtóu",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "公投"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gwerinvotyans"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "folkeafstemning"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referendumo"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "rahvahääletus"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "rahvaküsitlus"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fólkaatkvøða"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "kansanäänestys"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "référendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendo"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "reperendumi",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "რეფერენდუმი"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Volksabstimmung"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dimopsífisma",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "δημοψήφισμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "mish'ál 'ám",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מִשְׁאַל עַם"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "janmat-saṅgrah",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "जनमत-संग्रह"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mat-saṅgrah",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "मत-संग्रह"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "refreṇḍam",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "रेफ़रेंडम"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "szavazás"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "népszavazás"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "þjóðaratkvæðagreiðsla"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "þjóðaratkvæði"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reifreann"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"alt": "じゅうみんとうひょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jūmin tōhyō",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"general"
],
"word": "住民投票"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"alt": "こくみんとうひょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"note": "for national vote",
"roman": "kokumin tōhyō",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "国民投票"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "referendum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "референдум"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "prɑɑciə mĕəʼteʼ",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "ប្រជាមតិ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"alt": "國民投票",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gungmintupyo",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "국민투표"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referandûm"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "referendum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "референдум"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "pa sā ma ti",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "ປະຊາມະຕິ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendums"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendumas"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "referéndum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рефере́ндум"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "pungutan suara"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "tāpaetanga pōti"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "pōtitake"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "büx niitiin sanal xuraalt",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "бүх нийтийн санал хураалт"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "referendum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "референдум"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "álbmotjienasteapmi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "folkeavstemning"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"note": "in membership organisations",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "uravstemning"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "folkerøysting"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "ṭolpuẍtǝna",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ټولپوښتنه"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "referanḍum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "رفرنډم"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "refrānḍam",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "رېفرانډم"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "hame-porsi",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "هَمِهپُرْسی"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "refrândom",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "رِفْرانْدوم"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendo"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "plebiscito"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "referéndum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рефере́ндум"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "reifreann"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "реферѐндум"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "referèndum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referéndum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendo"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "plebiscito"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "folkomröstning"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "pagtutukoy"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "reperendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "raʾypursī",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "раъйпурсӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "referendum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "референдум"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "bprà-chaa-má-dtì",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "ประชามติ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referandum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "halk oylaması"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "referéndum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рефере́ндум"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "rīfrenḍam",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "رِیفْرینْڈَم"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "rëfërandum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "رېفېراندۇم"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "trưng cầu dân ý"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "refferendwm"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "referendum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "רעפֿערענדום"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "My father is taking my decision on whether to go to university as a referendum on his performance as a parent, and it's very stressful.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An action, choice, etc., which is perceived as passing judgment on another matter."
],
"id": "en-referendum-en-noun-Ca-UYxez",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "action perceived as passing judgment",
"word": "luottamuslauseäänestys"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "referéndum",
"sense": "action perceived as passing judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рефере́ндум"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌɹɛfəˈɹɛndəm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-referendum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-referendum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-referendum.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"referendum"
],
"word": "referendum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 4-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Vietnamese translations",
"en:Democracy"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pseudoreferendum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "referendus",
"4": "referendum",
"5": "that which ought to be announced"
},
"expansion": "Latin referendum (“that which ought to be announced”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "refero",
"3": "",
"4": "I announce"
},
"expansion": "refero (“I announce”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin referendum (“that which ought to be announced”), from refero (“I announce”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "referenda",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "referendums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "referenda",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "referendum (plural referenda or referendums)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "ad referendum"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Politics"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1975, Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau, Informational Bulletin",
"text": "In some cases, a referendum on the proposed bond issue must be held.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Nalini Mohabir, “Renaming the Cook Islands would be a vital step towards true independence”, in Guardian.",
"text": "Although the Cook Islands held a referendum in 1994, when voters rejected a name change, the yearning for a decolonised identity has not disappeared.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment. (The adposition on is usually used before the related subject of the vote.)"
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"direct",
"direct"
],
[
"popular",
"popular"
],
[
"vote",
"vote"
],
[
"propose",
"propose"
],
[
"law",
"law"
],
[
"constitutional",
"constitutional"
],
[
"amendment",
"amendment"
],
[
"on",
"on"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics) A direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment. (The adposition on is usually used before the related subject of the vote.)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "plebiscite"
}
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "My father is taking my decision on whether to go to university as a referendum on his performance as a parent, and it's very stressful.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An action, choice, etc., which is perceived as passing judgment on another matter."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌɹɛfəˈɹɛndəm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-referendum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-referendum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-referendum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/25/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-referendum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-referendum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "istiftāʔ",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِسْتِفْتاء"
},
{
"code": "acw",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "istiftāʔ",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"Hijazi-Arabic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "اِسْتِفْتاء"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "ṙeferendum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "ռեֆերենդում"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hanrakʻve",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "հանրաքվե"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "ümumxalq sorğu"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "ümumi rəy sorğusu"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "refjeréndum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рэферэ́ндум"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "referéndum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рефере́ндум"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hcanda.hkam-yuhkrang:",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "ဆန္ဒခံယူခြင်း"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "hcanda.hkam-yu-pwai:",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "ဆန္ဒခံယူပွဲ"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referèndum"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōngmín tóupiào",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "公民投票"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gōngtóu",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "公投"
},
{
"code": "kw",
"lang": "Cornish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gwerinvotyans"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "folkeafstemning"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referendumo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "rahvahääletus"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "rahvaküsitlus"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fólkaatkvøða"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "kansanäänestys"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "référendum"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "reperendumi",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "რეფერენდუმი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Referendum"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Volksabstimmung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "dimopsífisma",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "δημοψήφισμα"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "mish'ál 'ám",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "מִשְׁאַל עַם"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "janmat-saṅgrah",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "जनमत-संग्रह"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mat-saṅgrah",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "मत-संग्रह"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "refreṇḍam",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "रेफ़रेंडम"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "szavazás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "népszavazás"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "þjóðaratkvæðagreiðsla"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "þjóðaratkvæði"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "reifreann"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"alt": "じゅうみんとうひょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jūmin tōhyō",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"general"
],
"word": "住民投票"
},
{
"alt": "こくみんとうひょう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"note": "for national vote",
"roman": "kokumin tōhyō",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "国民投票"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "referendum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "референдум"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "prɑɑciə mĕəʼteʼ",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "ប្រជាមតិ"
},
{
"alt": "國民投票",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gungmintupyo",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "국민투표"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referandûm"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "referendum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "референдум"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "pa sā ma ti",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "ປະຊາມະຕິ"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendums"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendumas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "referéndum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рефере́ндум"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "pungutan suara"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "tāpaetanga pōti"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "pōtitake"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "büx niitiin sanal xuraalt",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "бүх нийтийн санал хураалт"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "referendum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "референдум"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "álbmotjienasteapmi"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "folkeavstemning"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"note": "in membership organisations",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "uravstemning"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "folkerøysting"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "ṭolpuẍtǝna",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ټولپوښتنه"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "referanḍum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "رفرنډم"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "refrānḍam",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "رېفرانډم"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "hame-porsi",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "هَمِهپُرْسی"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "refrândom",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "رِفْرانْدوم"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendo"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "plebiscito"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "referéndum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рефере́ндум"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "reifreann"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "реферѐндум"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "referèndum"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referéndum"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "referendo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "plebiscito"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "folkomröstning"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "pagtutukoy"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "reperendum"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "raʾypursī",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "раъйпурсӣ"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "referendum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "референдум"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "bprà-chaa-má-dtì",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "ประชามติ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referandum"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "halk oylaması"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "referéndum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рефере́ндум"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "rīfrenḍam",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "رِیفْرینْڈَم"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "rëfërandum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "رېفېراندۇم"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "referendum"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"word": "trưng cầu dân ý"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "refferendwm"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "referendum",
"sense": "direct popular vote",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "רעפֿערענדום"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "action perceived as passing judgment",
"word": "luottamuslauseäänestys"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "referéndum",
"sense": "action perceived as passing judgment",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "рефере́ндум"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"referendum"
],
"word": "referendum"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.