"zijn" meaning in Dutch

See zijn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Determiner

IPA: /zɛi̯n/, /zən/ Audio: Nl-zijn.ogg Forms: zijne [independent, possessive], form z'n [contracted], zyn [alternative, obsolete]
Rhymes: -ɛi̯n Etymology: From Middle Dutch sijn, from Old Dutch sīn (originally a reflexive form), from Proto-West Germanic *sīn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seyno-. Cognate with German sein, Swedish sin. Ultimately a form of the Proto-Indo-European reflexive pronoun *swe. Compare Russian себя (sebja), Latin suus, Ancient Greek ἑός (heós), etc. Etymology templates: {{inh|nl|dum|sijn}} Middle Dutch sijn, {{inh|nl|odt|sīn}} Old Dutch sīn, {{inh|nl|gmw-pro|*sīn}} Proto-West Germanic *sīn, {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*sīnaz}} Proto-Germanic *sīnaz, {{der|nl|ine-pro|*seyno-}} Proto-Indo-European *seyno-, {{cog|de|sein}} German sein, {{cog|sv|sin}} Swedish sin, {{cog|ru|себя}} Russian себя (sebja), {{cog|la|suus}} Latin suus, {{cog|grc|ἑός}} Ancient Greek ἑός (heós) Head templates: {{head|nl|determiner|dependent possessive, independent possessive|zijne|contracted form|z'n}} zijn (dependent possessive, independent possessive zijne, contracted form z'n)
  1. his; third-person singular masculine possessive determiner Tags: dependent, possessive
    Sense id: en-zijn-nl-det-KMhZXGMI Categories (other): Dutch determiners, Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Dutch possessive determiners, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Dutch determiners: 21 21 2 4 9 9 9 10 9 2 2 2 Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 16 17 1 4 10 11 10 13 11 2 2 3 Disambiguation of Dutch possessive determiners: 30 30 0 2 6 7 7 8 6 1 1 1 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 17 17 2 4 10 11 10 13 10 2 2 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 18 18 1 4 10 11 10 14 11 1 1 1
  2. its; third-person singular neuter possessive determiner Tags: dependent, possessive
    Sense id: en-zijn-nl-det--jbGn3l8 Categories (other): Dutch determiners, Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Dutch possessive determiners, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Dutch determiners: 21 21 2 4 9 9 9 10 9 2 2 2 Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 16 17 1 4 10 11 10 13 11 2 2 3 Disambiguation of Dutch possessive determiners: 30 30 0 2 6 7 7 8 6 1 1 1 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 17 17 2 4 10 11 10 13 10 2 2 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 18 18 1 4 10 11 10 14 11 1 1 1
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb

IPA: /zɛi̯n/ Audio: Nl-zijn.ogg
Rhymes: -ɛi̯n Etymology: From Middle Dutch sijn, from Old Dutch sīn. The infinitive zijn along with the words is and zij (present indicative and subjunctive) derive ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”), which had no separate infinitive in Germanic. The modern infinitive was probably back-formed in late Old Dutch from the first-person plural subjunctive sīn (“we be”), since this form had become identical to the infinitive in other verbs during the late Old Dutch period. Compare also German sein, Low German sien. The original infinitive survives in wezen, from Middle Dutch wesen, from Old Dutch wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from *h₂wes- (“to reside”). All the forms with initial w- (imperative and past tense) derive from this root. Finally, the forms ben and bent derive from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, to become”), from *bʰuH- (“to become”), which survives only as relic forms in the West Germanic languages and not at all in the others. Its infinitive and non-singular forms are attested in (Old) English, Frisian and a number of Dutch dialects. Etymology templates: {{root|nl|ine-pro|*h₁es-|*h₂wes-|*bʰuH-}}, {{inh|nl|dum|sijn}} Middle Dutch sijn, {{inh|nl|odt|sīn}} Old Dutch sīn, {{der|nl|ine-pro|*h₁es-||to be}} Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”), {{cog|de|sein}} German sein, {{cog|nds|sien}} Low German sien, {{inh|nl|dum|wesen}} Middle Dutch wesen, {{inh|nl|odt|wesan}} Old Dutch wesan, {{inh|nl|gmw-pro|*wesan}} Proto-West Germanic *wesan, {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*wesaną}} Proto-Germanic *wesaną, {{der|nl|gem-pro|*beuną||to be, to become}} Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, to become”) Head templates: {{nl-verb}} zijn Inflection templates: {{nl-conj-irr|zijn|trans=unacc}} Forms: irregular [table-tags], zijn [infinitive], zijn [gerund, neuter], ben [first-person, present, singular], was [first-person, past, singular], bent [present, second-person, singular], ben [present, second-person, singular], was [past, second-person, singular], bent [formal, present, second-person, singular], is [formal, present, second-person, singular], was [formal, past, second-person, singular], zijt [Flanders, colloquial, present, second-person, singular], zijt [archaic, formal, majestic, present, second-person, singular], waart [Flanders, colloquial, past, second-person, singular], waart [archaic, formal, majestic, past, second-person, singular], is [present, singular, third-person], was [past, singular, third-person], zijn [plural, present], waren [past, plural], zij [archaic, present, singular, subjunctive], ware [archaic, past, singular, subjunctive], zijn [archaic, plural, present, subjunctive], waren [archaic, past, plural, subjunctive], wees [imperative, present, singular], ben [imperative, present, singular], weest [archaic, imperative, plural, present], zijt [archaic, imperative, plural, present], zijnd [participle, present], geweest [participle, past], zyn [alternative, obsolete]
  1. (intransitive) to be, to exist Tags: intransitive
    Sense id: en-zijn-nl-verb-gnoshDZy
  2. (transitive, copulative) Used to connect a noun to an adjective that describes it. Tags: copulative, transitive
    Sense id: en-zijn-nl-verb-vSwQuOWw
  3. (transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the perfect tense of the active voice of some verbs, together with a past participle. Tags: auxiliary, transitive
    Sense id: en-zijn-nl-verb-KaxQyEVF
  4. (transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the perfect tense of the active voice of some verbs, together with a past participle. Tags: auxiliary, transitive
    Sense id: en-zijn-nl-verb-gDMbTDd8 Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 16 17 1 4 10 11 10 13 11 2 2 3 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 17 17 2 4 10 11 10 13 10 2 2 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 18 18 1 4 10 11 10 14 11 1 1 1
  5. (transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the perfect tense of the passive voice, together with a past participle. Tags: auxiliary, transitive
    Sense id: en-zijn-nl-verb-7InzAOaO Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 16 17 1 4 10 11 10 13 11 2 2 3 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 17 17 2 4 10 11 10 13 10 2 2 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 18 18 1 4 10 11 10 14 11 1 1 1
  6. (transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the perfect tense of the passive voice, together with a past participle. Tags: auxiliary, transitive
    Sense id: en-zijn-nl-verb-67OeFG-Z Categories (other): Dutch determiners, Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Dutch determiners: 21 21 2 4 9 9 9 10 9 2 2 2 Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 16 17 1 4 10 11 10 13 11 2 2 3 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 17 17 2 4 10 11 10 13 10 2 2 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 18 18 1 4 10 11 10 14 11 1 1 1
  7. (transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the continuous forms of various tenses, together with aan het or, in archaic style, with a present participle. Tags: auxiliary, transitive
    Sense id: en-zijn-nl-verb-AR1e4P12 Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 16 17 1 4 10 11 10 13 11 2 2 3 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 17 17 2 4 10 11 10 13 10 2 2 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 18 18 1 4 10 11 10 14 11 1 1 1
  8. (intransitive) to go, to go on a trip and return Tags: intransitive
    Sense id: en-zijn-nl-verb-RsuQ5AiF
  9. (intransitive, impersonal) Used to indicate weather, temperature or some other general condition. Tags: impersonal, intransitive
    Sense id: en-zijn-nl-verb-Ltp2i1Ho
  10. (transitive, copulative, mathematics) to be, to equal, to total, to amount to; used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same. Tags: copulative, transitive
    Sense id: en-zijn-nl-verb-DyME0VaV Categories (other): Mathematics Topics: mathematics, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: bennen [dialectal, obsolete] Synonyms (limited usage in standard Dutch): wezen Derived forms: hetzij, isgelijkteken, isteken, tenzij, voorzijn, welzijn
Etymology number: 1 Disambiguation of 'limited usage in standard Dutch': 0 12 14 13 13 13 14 2 11 8

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hetzij"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "isgelijkteken"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "isteken"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tenzij"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "voorzijn"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "welzijn"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Negerhollands",
      "lang_code": "dcr",
      "word": "si"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁es-",
        "4": "*h₂wes-",
        "5": "*bʰuH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "sijn"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch sijn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "sīn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch sīn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁es-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "sein"
      },
      "expansion": "German sein",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "sien"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German sien",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "wesen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch wesen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "wesan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch wesan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*wesan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*wesaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*beuną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be, to become"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, to become”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch sijn, from Old Dutch sīn. The infinitive zijn along with the words is and zij (present indicative and subjunctive) derive ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”), which had no separate infinitive in Germanic. The modern infinitive was probably back-formed in late Old Dutch from the first-person plural subjunctive sīn (“we be”), since this form had become identical to the infinitive in other verbs during the late Old Dutch period. Compare also German sein, Low German sien.\nThe original infinitive survives in wezen, from Middle Dutch wesen, from Old Dutch wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from *h₂wes- (“to reside”). All the forms with initial w- (imperative and past tense) derive from this root.\nFinally, the forms ben and bent derive from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, to become”), from *bʰuH- (“to become”), which survives only as relic forms in the West Germanic languages and not at all in the others. Its infinitive and non-singular forms are attested in (Old) English, Frisian and a number of Dutch dialects.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-conj-irr",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "was",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "was",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "is",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "was",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "waart",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "waart",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "is",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "was",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "waren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ware",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "waren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wees",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijnd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "geweest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zyn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "zijn",
      "name": "nl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "zijn"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zijn",
        "trans": "unacc"
      },
      "name": "nl-conj-irr"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              4
            ],
            [
              13,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              5
            ],
            [
              16,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "english": "To be or not to be, that is the question.",
          "text": "Zijn of niet zijn, dat is de vraag.",
          "translation": "To be or not to be, that is the question.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              3
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              4
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Were you there too last Saturday?",
          "text": "Was je er afgelopen zaterdag ook?",
          "translation": "Were you there too last Saturday?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be, to exist"
      ],
      "id": "en-zijn-nl-verb-gnoshDZy",
      "links": [
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "exist",
          "exist"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to be, to exist"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The ball is round.",
          "text": "De bal is rond.",
          "translation": "The ball is round.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to connect a noun to an adjective that describes it."
      ],
      "id": "en-zijn-nl-verb-vSwQuOWw",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, copulative) Used to connect a noun to an adjective that describes it."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "copulative",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He has been here.",
          "text": "Hij is hier geweest.",
          "translation": "He has been here.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the perfect tense of the active voice of some verbs, together with a past participle."
      ],
      "id": "en-zijn-nl-verb-KaxQyEVF",
      "links": [
        [
          "perfect tense",
          "perfect tense#English"
        ],
        [
          "active voice",
          "active voice#English"
        ],
        [
          "past participle",
          "past participle#English"
        ],
        [
          "hebben",
          "hebben#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the perfect tense of the active voice of some verbs, together with a past participle."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 17 1 4 10 11 10 13 11 2 2 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 2 4 10 11 10 13 10 2 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 1 4 10 11 10 14 11 1 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the perfect tense of the active voice of some verbs, together with a past participle.\nNote: The perfect tense of most other verbs is formed using hebben.",
        "Note: The perfect tense of most other verbs is formed using hebben."
      ],
      "id": "en-zijn-nl-verb-gDMbTDd8",
      "links": [
        [
          "perfect tense",
          "perfect tense#English"
        ],
        [
          "active voice",
          "active voice#English"
        ],
        [
          "past participle",
          "past participle#English"
        ],
        [
          "hebben",
          "hebben#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the perfect tense of the active voice of some verbs, together with a past participle."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 17 1 4 10 11 10 13 11 2 2 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 2 4 10 11 10 13 10 2 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 1 4 10 11 10 14 11 1 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              5,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "They had been saved.",
          "text": "Ze waren gered.",
          "translation": "They had been saved.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The wall has been painted.",
          "text": "De muur is geschilderd.",
          "translation": "The wall has been painted.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              23
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The wall will have been painted.",
          "text": "De muur zal zijn geschilderd.",
          "translation": "The wall will have been painted.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the perfect tense of the passive voice, together with a past participle."
      ],
      "id": "en-zijn-nl-verb-7InzAOaO",
      "links": [
        [
          "perfect tense",
          "perfect tense#English"
        ],
        [
          "passive voice",
          "passive voice#English"
        ],
        [
          "past participle",
          "past participle#English"
        ],
        [
          "imperfect tense",
          "imperfect tense#English"
        ],
        [
          "worden",
          "worden#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the perfect tense of the passive voice, together with a past participle."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 2 4 9 9 9 10 9 2 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch determiners",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 17 1 4 10 11 10 13 11 2 2 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 2 4 10 11 10 13 10 2 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 1 4 10 11 10 14 11 1 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the perfect tense of the passive voice, together with a past participle.\nNote: The imperfect tense passive is formed using worden.",
        "Note: The imperfect tense passive is formed using worden."
      ],
      "id": "en-zijn-nl-verb-67OeFG-Z",
      "links": [
        [
          "perfect tense",
          "perfect tense#English"
        ],
        [
          "passive voice",
          "passive voice#English"
        ],
        [
          "past participle",
          "past participle#English"
        ],
        [
          "imperfect tense",
          "imperfect tense#English"
        ],
        [
          "worden",
          "worden#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the perfect tense of the passive voice, together with a past participle."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "16 17 1 4 10 11 10 13 11 2 2 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 2 4 10 11 10 13 10 2 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 1 4 10 11 10 14 11 1 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The man was walking.",
          "text": "De man was aan het lopen.",
          "translation": "The man was walking.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the continuous forms of various tenses, together with aan het or, in archaic style, with a present participle."
      ],
      "id": "en-zijn-nl-verb-AR1e4P12",
      "links": [
        [
          "aan het",
          "aan het#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the continuous forms of various tenses, together with aan het or, in archaic style, with a present participle."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I am going to the doctor for a while.",
          "text": "Ik ben even naar de dokter.",
          "translation": "I am going to the doctor for a while.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              31,
              39
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              5,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I've been to the beach today.",
          "text": "Ik ben vandaag naar het strand geweest.",
          "translation": "I've been to the beach today.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to go, to go on a trip and return"
      ],
      "id": "en-zijn-nl-verb-RsuQ5AiF",
      "links": [
        [
          "go",
          "go"
        ],
        [
          "trip",
          "trip"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to go, to go on a trip and return"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              5
            ]
          ],
          "english": "It is very warm today.",
          "text": "Het is erg warm vandaag.",
          "translation": "It is very warm today.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to indicate weather, temperature or some other general condition."
      ],
      "id": "en-zijn-nl-verb-Ltp2i1Ho",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, impersonal) Used to indicate weather, temperature or some other general condition."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "nl",
          "name": "Mathematics",
          "orig": "nl:Mathematics",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              15,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              17,
              19
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Three times five is fifteen.",
          "text": "Drie keer vijf is vijftien.",
          "translation": "Three times five is fifteen.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be, to equal, to total, to amount to; used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same."
      ],
      "id": "en-zijn-nl-verb-DyME0VaV",
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "equal",
          "equal"
        ],
        [
          "total",
          "total"
        ],
        [
          "amount to",
          "amount to"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, copulative, mathematics) to be, to equal, to total, to amount to; used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "copulative",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/zɛi̯n/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-zijn.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/Nl-zijn.ogg/Nl-zijn.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Nl-zijn.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛi̯n"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 12 14 13 13 13 14 2 11 8",
      "sense": "limited usage in standard Dutch",
      "word": "wezen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "raw_tags": [
        "in standard Dutch"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "bennen"
    }
  ],
  "word": "zijn"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
      "lang_code": "brc",
      "word": "si"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Javindo",
      "lang_code": "jvd",
      "word": "sijn"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Negerhollands",
      "lang_code": "dcr",
      "word": "si"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Negerhollands",
      "lang_code": "dcr",
      "word": "śi"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Negerhollands",
      "lang_code": "dcr",
      "word": "źi"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Negerhollands",
      "lang_code": "dcr",
      "word": "sji"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Negerhollands",
      "lang_code": "dcr",
      "word": "sie"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Petjo",
      "lang_code": "pey",
      "word": "sijn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "sijn"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch sijn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "sīn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch sīn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*sīn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sīn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sīnaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sīnaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*seyno-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *seyno-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "sein"
      },
      "expansion": "German sein",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "sin"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish sin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "себя"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian себя (sebja)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "suus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin suus",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἑός"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἑός (heós)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch sijn, from Old Dutch sīn (originally a reflexive form), from Proto-West Germanic *sīn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seyno-.\nCognate with German sein, Swedish sin. Ultimately a form of the Proto-Indo-European reflexive pronoun *swe. Compare Russian себя (sebja), Latin suus, Ancient Greek ἑός (heós), etc.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "zijne",
      "tags": [
        "independent",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "form z'n",
      "tags": [
        "contracted"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zyn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "determiner",
        "3": "dependent possessive, independent possessive",
        "4": "zijne",
        "5": "contracted form",
        "6": "z'n"
      },
      "expansion": "zijn (dependent possessive, independent possessive zijne, contracted form z'n)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "zijn"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "det",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 2 4 9 9 9 10 9 2 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch determiners",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 17 1 4 10 11 10 13 11 2 2 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 30 0 2 6 7 7 8 6 1 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch possessive determiners",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 2 4 10 11 10 13 10 2 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 1 4 10 11 10 14 11 1 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "A man and his dog.",
          "text": "Een man en zijn hond.",
          "translation": "A man and his dog.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "A man and his hat.",
          "text": "Een man en z'n hoed.",
          "translation": "A man and his hat.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "his; third-person singular masculine possessive determiner"
      ],
      "id": "en-zijn-nl-det-KMhZXGMI",
      "links": [
        [
          "his",
          "his"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dependent",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "21 21 2 4 9 9 9 10 9 2 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch determiners",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 17 1 4 10 11 10 13 11 2 2 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 30 0 2 6 7 7 8 6 1 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch possessive determiners",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 17 2 4 10 11 10 13 10 2 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 18 1 4 10 11 10 14 11 1 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "english": "A book and its cover.",
          "text": "Een boek en zijn kaft.",
          "translation": "A book and its cover.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "its; third-person singular neuter possessive determiner"
      ],
      "id": "en-zijn-nl-det--jbGn3l8",
      "links": [
        [
          "its",
          "its"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dependent",
        "possessive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/zɛi̯n/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/zən/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-zijn.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/Nl-zijn.ogg/Nl-zijn.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Nl-zijn.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛi̯n"
    }
  ],
  "word": "zijn"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch basic verbs",
    "Dutch determiners",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch irregular verbs",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch possessive determiners",
    "Dutch suppletive verbs",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-",
    "Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-",
    "Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂wes-",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Dutch unaccusative verbs",
    "Dutch verbs",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɛi̯n",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɛi̯n/1 syllable"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "hetzij"
    },
    {
      "word": "isgelijkteken"
    },
    {
      "word": "isteken"
    },
    {
      "word": "tenzij"
    },
    {
      "word": "voorzijn"
    },
    {
      "word": "welzijn"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Negerhollands",
      "lang_code": "dcr",
      "word": "si"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁es-",
        "4": "*h₂wes-",
        "5": "*bʰuH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "sijn"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch sijn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "sīn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch sīn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁es-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "sein"
      },
      "expansion": "German sein",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "sien"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German sien",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "wesen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch wesen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "wesan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch wesan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*wesan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wesan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*wesaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wesaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*beuną",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to be, to become"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, to become”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch sijn, from Old Dutch sīn. The infinitive zijn along with the words is and zij (present indicative and subjunctive) derive ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”), which had no separate infinitive in Germanic. The modern infinitive was probably back-formed in late Old Dutch from the first-person plural subjunctive sīn (“we be”), since this form had become identical to the infinitive in other verbs during the late Old Dutch period. Compare also German sein, Low German sien.\nThe original infinitive survives in wezen, from Middle Dutch wesen, from Old Dutch wesan, from Proto-West Germanic *wesan, from Proto-Germanic *wesaną, from *h₂wes- (“to reside”). All the forms with initial w- (imperative and past tense) derive from this root.\nFinally, the forms ben and bent derive from Proto-Germanic *beuną (“to be, to become”), from *bʰuH- (“to become”), which survives only as relic forms in the West Germanic languages and not at all in the others. Its infinitive and non-singular forms are attested in (Old) English, Frisian and a number of Dutch dialects.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nl-conj-irr",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "was",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "was",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bent",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "is",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "was",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "waart",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "Flanders",
        "colloquial",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "waart",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "majestic",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "is",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "was",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "waren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zij",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ware",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijn",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "waren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wees",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijnd",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "geweest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zyn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "zijn",
      "name": "nl-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "zijn"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zijn",
        "trans": "unacc"
      },
      "name": "nl-conj-irr"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch intransitive verbs",
        "Dutch terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              4
            ],
            [
              13,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              5
            ],
            [
              16,
              18
            ]
          ],
          "english": "To be or not to be, that is the question.",
          "text": "Zijn of niet zijn, dat is de vraag.",
          "translation": "To be or not to be, that is the question.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              3
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              0,
              4
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Were you there too last Saturday?",
          "text": "Was je er afgelopen zaterdag ook?",
          "translation": "Were you there too last Saturday?",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be, to exist"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "exist",
          "exist"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to be, to exist"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch copulative verbs",
        "Dutch terms with usage examples",
        "Dutch transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The ball is round.",
          "text": "De bal is rond.",
          "translation": "The ball is round.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to connect a noun to an adjective that describes it."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, copulative) Used to connect a noun to an adjective that describes it."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "copulative",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch auxiliary verbs",
        "Dutch terms with usage examples",
        "Dutch transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "english": "He has been here.",
          "text": "Hij is hier geweest.",
          "translation": "He has been here.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the perfect tense of the active voice of some verbs, together with a past participle."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perfect tense",
          "perfect tense#English"
        ],
        [
          "active voice",
          "active voice#English"
        ],
        [
          "past participle",
          "past participle#English"
        ],
        [
          "hebben",
          "hebben#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the perfect tense of the active voice of some verbs, together with a past participle."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch auxiliary verbs",
        "Dutch terms with usage examples",
        "Dutch transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the perfect tense of the active voice of some verbs, together with a past participle.\nNote: The perfect tense of most other verbs is formed using hebben.",
        "Note: The perfect tense of most other verbs is formed using hebben."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perfect tense",
          "perfect tense#English"
        ],
        [
          "active voice",
          "active voice#English"
        ],
        [
          "past participle",
          "past participle#English"
        ],
        [
          "hebben",
          "hebben#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the perfect tense of the active voice of some verbs, together with a past participle."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch auxiliary verbs",
        "Dutch terms with usage examples",
        "Dutch transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              8
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              5,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "They had been saved.",
          "text": "Ze waren gered.",
          "translation": "They had been saved.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              9,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The wall has been painted.",
          "text": "De muur is geschilderd.",
          "translation": "The wall has been painted.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              14,
              23
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The wall will have been painted.",
          "text": "De muur zal zijn geschilderd.",
          "translation": "The wall will have been painted.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the perfect tense of the passive voice, together with a past participle."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perfect tense",
          "perfect tense#English"
        ],
        [
          "passive voice",
          "passive voice#English"
        ],
        [
          "past participle",
          "past participle#English"
        ],
        [
          "imperfect tense",
          "imperfect tense#English"
        ],
        [
          "worden",
          "worden#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the perfect tense of the passive voice, together with a past participle."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch auxiliary verbs",
        "Dutch terms with usage examples",
        "Dutch transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the perfect tense of the passive voice, together with a past participle.\nNote: The imperfect tense passive is formed using worden.",
        "Note: The imperfect tense passive is formed using worden."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perfect tense",
          "perfect tense#English"
        ],
        [
          "passive voice",
          "passive voice#English"
        ],
        [
          "past participle",
          "past participle#English"
        ],
        [
          "imperfect tense",
          "imperfect tense#English"
        ],
        [
          "worden",
          "worden#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the perfect tense of the passive voice, together with a past participle."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch auxiliary verbs",
        "Dutch terms with usage examples",
        "Dutch transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "english": "The man was walking.",
          "text": "De man was aan het lopen.",
          "translation": "The man was walking.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form the continuous forms of various tenses, together with aan het or, in archaic style, with a present participle."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "aan het",
          "aan het#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, auxiliary) Used to form the continuous forms of various tenses, together with aan het or, in archaic style, with a present participle."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch intransitive verbs",
        "Dutch terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              2,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I am going to the doctor for a while.",
          "text": "Ik ben even naar de dokter.",
          "translation": "I am going to the doctor for a while.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              31,
              39
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              5,
              9
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I've been to the beach today.",
          "text": "Ik ben vandaag naar het strand geweest.",
          "translation": "I've been to the beach today.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to go, to go on a trip and return"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "go",
          "go"
        ],
        [
          "trip",
          "trip"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to go, to go on a trip and return"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch impersonal verbs",
        "Dutch intransitive verbs",
        "Dutch terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              4,
              6
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              3,
              5
            ]
          ],
          "english": "It is very warm today.",
          "text": "Het is erg warm vandaag.",
          "translation": "It is very warm today.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to indicate weather, temperature or some other general condition."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, impersonal) Used to indicate weather, temperature or some other general condition."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "impersonal",
        "intransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch copulative verbs",
        "Dutch terms with usage examples",
        "Dutch transitive verbs",
        "nl:Mathematics"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              15,
              17
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              17,
              19
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Three times five is fifteen.",
          "text": "Drie keer vijf is vijftien.",
          "translation": "Three times five is fifteen.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be, to equal, to total, to amount to; used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mathematics",
          "mathematics"
        ],
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "equal",
          "equal"
        ],
        [
          "total",
          "total"
        ],
        [
          "amount to",
          "amount to"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, copulative, mathematics) to be, to equal, to total, to amount to; used to indicate that the values on either side of an equation are the same."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "copulative",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "mathematics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/zɛi̯n/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-zijn.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/Nl-zijn.ogg/Nl-zijn.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Nl-zijn.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛi̯n"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "limited usage in standard Dutch",
      "word": "wezen"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "in standard Dutch"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dialectal",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "bennen"
    }
  ],
  "word": "zijn"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch determiners",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch possessive determiners",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɛi̯n",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɛi̯n/1 syllable"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Berbice Creole Dutch",
      "lang_code": "brc",
      "word": "si"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Javindo",
      "lang_code": "jvd",
      "word": "sijn"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Negerhollands",
      "lang_code": "dcr",
      "word": "si"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Negerhollands",
      "lang_code": "dcr",
      "word": "śi"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Negerhollands",
      "lang_code": "dcr",
      "word": "źi"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Negerhollands",
      "lang_code": "dcr",
      "word": "sji"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Negerhollands",
      "lang_code": "dcr",
      "word": "sie"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Petjo",
      "lang_code": "pey",
      "word": "sijn"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "sijn"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch sijn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "sīn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch sīn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*sīn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sīn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*sīnaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sīnaz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*seyno-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *seyno-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "sein"
      },
      "expansion": "German sein",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "sin"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish sin",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "себя"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian себя (sebja)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "suus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin suus",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἑός"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἑός (heós)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch sijn, from Old Dutch sīn (originally a reflexive form), from Proto-West Germanic *sīn, from Proto-Germanic *sīnaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seyno-.\nCognate with German sein, Swedish sin. Ultimately a form of the Proto-Indo-European reflexive pronoun *swe. Compare Russian себя (sebja), Latin suus, Ancient Greek ἑός (heós), etc.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "zijne",
      "tags": [
        "independent",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "form z'n",
      "tags": [
        "contracted"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zyn",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "determiner",
        "3": "dependent possessive, independent possessive",
        "4": "zijne",
        "5": "contracted form",
        "6": "z'n"
      },
      "expansion": "zijn (dependent possessive, independent possessive zijne, contracted form z'n)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "zijn"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "det",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              15
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "A man and his dog.",
          "text": "Een man en zijn hond.",
          "translation": "A man and his dog.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "A man and his hat.",
          "text": "Een man en z'n hoed.",
          "translation": "A man and his hat.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "his; third-person singular masculine possessive determiner"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "his",
          "his"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dependent",
        "possessive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              12,
              16
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "english": "A book and its cover.",
          "text": "Een boek en zijn kaft.",
          "translation": "A book and its cover.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "its; third-person singular neuter possessive determiner"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "its",
          "its"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "dependent",
        "possessive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/zɛi̯n/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/zən/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-zijn.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/50/Nl-zijn.ogg/Nl-zijn.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/50/Nl-zijn.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɛi̯n"
    }
  ],
  "word": "zijn"
}

Download raw JSONL data for zijn meaning in Dutch (18.7kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2457",
  "msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Dutch]; cleaned text: is",
  "path": [
    "zijn"
  ],
  "section": "Dutch",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "zijn",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/328",
  "msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "zijn"
  ],
  "section": "Dutch",
  "subsection": "determiner",
  "title": "zijn",
  "trace": "started on line 3, detected on line 26"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "zijn"
  ],
  "section": "Dutch",
  "subsection": "determiner",
  "title": "zijn",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 26"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
  "path": [
    "zijn"
  ],
  "section": "Dutch",
  "subsection": "determiner",
  "title": "zijn",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.