See zich in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "op zich"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "voor zich"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "zichzelf"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"sich",
"sich#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"sich",
"sich#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"sih",
"sih#Old_High_German"
],
[
"*sik",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sik"
],
[
"*sek",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sek"
],
[
"selven",
"selven#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"himself",
"himself#English"
],
[
"ich",
"ich#Limburgish"
],
[
"mich",
"mich#Limburgish"
],
[
"dich",
"dich#Limburgish"
],
[
"zich",
"zich#Limburgish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "sich"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch sich",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "sich"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German sich",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "sih"
},
"expansion": "Old High German sih",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sik"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sik",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sek"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sek",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch sich, from Middle High German sich, from Old High German sih, from Proto-West Germanic *sik, from Proto-Germanic *sek. Old Dutch did not have a reflexive pronoun (only rarely in early Limburgish texts), but used the normal accusative pronoun (if necessary intensified by selven, cf. English himself). Although the use of zich in Holland-based Dutch was clearly triggered by written German, this development was assisted by the fact that the south-eastern dialects of Dutch had already adopted certain High German pronoun forms in much earlier times (cf. Limburgish ich, mich, dich, zich).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "'k",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "me",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "m'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "me",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "mijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "mijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "jij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jouw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jouwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jouwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jouws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "z'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "haar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "h'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "d'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "haar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "h'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "d'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "harer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "het",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "het",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "z'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "hunner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "huns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "wij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "we",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "onze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "onze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "onzer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "onzes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "jullie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jullie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jullie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hunner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "huns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pronouns"
},
"expansion": "zich",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"zich"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch reflexive pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He washes himself.",
"text": "Hij wast zich.",
"translation": "He washes himself."
},
{
"english": "He washes his face.",
"text": "Hij wast zich het gezicht.",
"translation": "He washes his face."
},
{
"english": "Every man for himself.",
"text": "Ieder voor zich.",
"translation": "Every man for himself."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself"
],
"id": "en-zich-nl-pron-IxHCEIAy",
"links": [
[
"himself",
"himself"
],
[
"herself",
"herself"
],
[
"itself",
"itself"
],
[
"themselves",
"themselves"
],
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive pronoun) Third person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself"
],
"tags": [
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch reflexive pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
20
]
],
"english": "Did you hit yourself in the dark?",
"text": "Sloeg u zich in het donker?",
"translation": "Did you hit yourself in the dark?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"english": "You can shave here.",
"text": "U kunt zich hier scheren.",
"translation": "You can shave here.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"english": "Aren't you mistaken?",
"text": "Vergist u zich niet?",
"translation": "Aren't you mistaken?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Second person singular and plural formal reflexive pronoun; yourself, yourselves"
],
"id": "en-zich-nl-pron-zvnoNMxn",
"links": [
[
"yourself",
"yourself"
],
[
"yourselves",
"yourselves"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive pronoun, formal) Second person singular and plural formal reflexive pronoun; yourself, yourselves"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 2 2 14 15 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 1 9 10 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 27 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 29 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He fell and this resulted in an accident.",
"text": "Hij viel zich een ongeluk",
"translation": "He fell and this resulted in an accident."
},
{
"english": "He laughed so severely that it left him a hunchback.",
"text": "Hij lachte zich een bult",
"translation": "He laughed so severely that it left him a hunchback."
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses an unintended result with many otherwise non-reflexive and ergative verbs"
],
"id": "en-zich-nl-pron-CmOQB10Y"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/zɪx/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-zich.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/Nl-zich.ogg/Nl-zich.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Nl-zich.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪx"
}
],
"word": "zich"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch pronouns",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle High German",
"Dutch terms derived from Old High German",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɪx",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɪx/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "op zich"
},
{
"word": "voor zich"
},
{
"word": "zichzelf"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"sich",
"sich#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"sich",
"sich#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"sih",
"sih#Old_High_German"
],
[
"*sik",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sik"
],
[
"*sek",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sek"
],
[
"selven",
"selven#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"himself",
"himself#English"
],
[
"ich",
"ich#Limburgish"
],
[
"mich",
"mich#Limburgish"
],
[
"dich",
"dich#Limburgish"
],
[
"zich",
"zich#Limburgish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "sich"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch sich",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "sich"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German sich",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "sih"
},
"expansion": "Old High German sih",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sik"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sik",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sek"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sek",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch sich, from Middle High German sich, from Old High German sih, from Proto-West Germanic *sik, from Proto-Germanic *sek. Old Dutch did not have a reflexive pronoun (only rarely in early Limburgish texts), but used the normal accusative pronoun (if necessary intensified by selven, cf. English himself). Although the use of zich in Holland-based Dutch was clearly triggered by written German, this development was assisted by the fact that the south-eastern dialects of Dutch had already adopted certain High German pronoun forms in much earlier times (cf. Limburgish ich, mich, dich, zich).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "'k",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "me",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "m'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "me",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "mijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "mijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "jij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jouw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jouwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jouwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jouws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "z'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "haar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "h'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "d'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "haar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "h'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "d'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "harer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "het",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "het",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "z'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "hunner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "huns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "wij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "we",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "onze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "onze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "onzer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "onzes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "jullie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jullie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jullie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hunner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "huns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pronouns"
},
"expansion": "zich",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"zich"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch reflexive pronouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He washes himself.",
"text": "Hij wast zich.",
"translation": "He washes himself."
},
{
"english": "He washes his face.",
"text": "Hij wast zich het gezicht.",
"translation": "He washes his face."
},
{
"english": "Every man for himself.",
"text": "Ieder voor zich.",
"translation": "Every man for himself."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself"
],
"links": [
[
"himself",
"himself"
],
[
"herself",
"herself"
],
[
"itself",
"itself"
],
[
"themselves",
"themselves"
],
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive pronoun) Third person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself"
],
"tags": [
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch formal terms",
"Dutch reflexive pronouns",
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
20
]
],
"english": "Did you hit yourself in the dark?",
"text": "Sloeg u zich in het donker?",
"translation": "Did you hit yourself in the dark?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"english": "You can shave here.",
"text": "U kunt zich hier scheren.",
"translation": "You can shave here.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"english": "Aren't you mistaken?",
"text": "Vergist u zich niet?",
"translation": "Aren't you mistaken?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Second person singular and plural formal reflexive pronoun; yourself, yourselves"
],
"links": [
[
"yourself",
"yourself"
],
[
"yourselves",
"yourselves"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive pronoun, formal) Second person singular and plural formal reflexive pronoun; yourself, yourselves"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "He fell and this resulted in an accident.",
"text": "Hij viel zich een ongeluk",
"translation": "He fell and this resulted in an accident."
},
{
"english": "He laughed so severely that it left him a hunchback.",
"text": "Hij lachte zich een bult",
"translation": "He laughed so severely that it left him a hunchback."
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses an unintended result with many otherwise non-reflexive and ergative verbs"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/zɪx/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-zich.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/Nl-zich.ogg/Nl-zich.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Nl-zich.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪx"
}
],
"word": "zich"
}
Download raw JSONL data for zich meaning in Dutch (21.8kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '3rd person gender-neutral'",
"path": [
"zich"
],
"section": "Dutch",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "zich",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.