See jou in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "jouzelf"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "jou"
},
{
"lang": "Jersey Dutch",
"lang_code": "gmw-jdt",
"word": "jāu"
},
{
"lang": "Petjo",
"lang_code": "pey",
"word": "jou"
},
{
"lang": "Skepi Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "skw",
"word": "asu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "jou"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch jou",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*jū"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *jū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*iwwiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *iwwiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "u"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of u",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch jou, from Old Dutch *jū, a northern (Frisian?) variant of *iu, from Proto-Germanic *iwwiz, a West Germanic variant of *izwiz. Doublet of u.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Brabant"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "jou",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"jou"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 3 28 27 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch personal pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 8 35 35 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
33
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"english": "I'll do this for you.",
"text": "Ik zal dit wel even doen voor jou.",
"translation": "I'll do this for you.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "Can I ask you something?",
"text": "Kan ik jou iets vragen?",
"translation": "Can I ask you something?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"english": "I'm giving you my book to read.",
"text": "Ik geef jou mijn boek om te lezen.",
"translation": "I'm giving you my book to read.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
29
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
22,
25
]
],
"english": "She bought a gift for you.",
"text": "Zij heeft een cadeau voor jou gekocht.",
"translation": "She bought a gift for you.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you; second-person singular objective personal pronoun"
],
"id": "en-jou-nl-pron-DfVaz6dV",
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "your",
"word": "jouw"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"misspelling of jouw (“your”)"
],
"id": "en-jou-nl-pron-LNgn26BS",
"links": [
[
"jouw",
"jouw#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"misspelling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/jɑu̯/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-jou.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Nl-jou.ogg/Nl-jou.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Nl-jou.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯"
},
{
"homophone": "jouw"
}
],
"word": "jou"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "jou"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch jou",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*jū"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *jū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*iwwiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *iwwiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "u"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of u",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch jou, from Old Dutch *jū, a northern (Frisian?) variant of *iu, from Proto-Germanic *iwwiz, a West Germanic variant of *izwiz. Doublet of u.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "jou",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"jou"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 5 0 2 0 8 0 0 8 8 0 6 8 5 5 5 0 0 5 5 0 0 1 1 2 9 5 7 3 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 42 42 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 8 35 35 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "jouen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of jouen:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-jou-nl-verb-cd3j7hq6",
"links": [
[
"jouen",
"jouen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 5 0 2 0 8 0 0 8 8 0 6 8 5 5 5 0 0 5 5 0 0 1 1 2 9 5 7 3 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 42 42 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 8 35 35 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "jouen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of jouen:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-jou-nl-verb-KRG1wCwc",
"links": [
[
"jouen",
"jouen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of jouen:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 2 42 42 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "jouen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of jouen:",
"imperative"
],
"id": "en-jou-nl-verb-2oJpRz3k",
"links": [
[
"jouen",
"jouen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/jɑu̯/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-jou.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Nl-jou.ogg/Nl-jou.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Nl-jou.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯"
},
{
"homophone": "jouw"
}
],
"word": "jou"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch doublets",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch personal pronouns",
"Dutch pronouns",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms with homophones",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯/1 syllable",
"West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"West Frisian non-lemma forms",
"West Frisian verb forms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "jouzelf"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "jou"
},
{
"lang": "Jersey Dutch",
"lang_code": "gmw-jdt",
"word": "jāu"
},
{
"lang": "Petjo",
"lang_code": "pey",
"word": "jou"
},
{
"lang": "Skepi Creole Dutch",
"lang_code": "skw",
"word": "asu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "jou"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch jou",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*jū"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *jū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*iwwiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *iwwiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "u"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of u",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch jou, from Old Dutch *jū, a northern (Frisian?) variant of *iu, from Proto-Germanic *iwwiz, a West Germanic variant of *izwiz. Doublet of u.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Brabant"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "jou",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"jou"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
33
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"english": "I'll do this for you.",
"text": "Ik zal dit wel even doen voor jou.",
"translation": "I'll do this for you.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"english": "Can I ask you something?",
"text": "Kan ik jou iets vragen?",
"translation": "Can I ask you something?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
14
]
],
"english": "I'm giving you my book to read.",
"text": "Ik geef jou mijn boek om te lezen.",
"translation": "I'm giving you my book to read.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
29
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
22,
25
]
],
"english": "She bought a gift for you.",
"text": "Zij heeft een cadeau voor jou gekocht.",
"translation": "She bought a gift for you.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you; second-person singular objective personal pronoun"
],
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "your",
"word": "jouw"
}
],
"categories": [
"Dutch misspellings"
],
"glosses": [
"misspelling of jouw (“your”)"
],
"links": [
[
"jouw",
"jouw#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"misspelling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/jɑu̯/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-jou.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Nl-jou.ogg/Nl-jou.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Nl-jou.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯"
},
{
"homophone": "jouw"
}
],
"word": "jou"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch doublets",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch personal pronouns",
"Dutch pronouns",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms with homophones",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 19 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯/1 syllable",
"West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"West Frisian non-lemma forms",
"West Frisian verb forms"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "jou"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch jou",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*jū"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *jū",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*iwwiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *iwwiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "u"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of u",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch jou, from Old Dutch *jū, a northern (Frisian?) variant of *iu, from Proto-Germanic *iwwiz, a West Germanic variant of *izwiz. Doublet of u.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "jou",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"jou"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "jouen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of jouen:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"jouen",
"jouen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "jouen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of jouen:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"jouen",
"jouen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of jouen:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "jouen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of jouen:",
"imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"jouen",
"jouen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/jɑu̯/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-jou.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Nl-jou.ogg/Nl-jou.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Nl-jou.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯"
},
{
"homophone": "jouw"
}
],
"word": "jou"
}
Download raw JSONL data for jou meaning in Dutch (5.8kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/328",
"msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
"path": [
"jou"
],
"section": "Dutch",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "jou",
"trace": "started on line 3, detected on line 26"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"jou"
],
"section": "Dutch",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "jou",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 26"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"jou"
],
"section": "Dutch",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "jou",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (872fc7b and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.