"jou" meaning in Dutch

See jou in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Pronoun

IPA: /jɑu̯/ Audio: Nl-jou.ogg
Rhymes: -ɑu̯ Etymology: From Middle Dutch jou, from Old Dutch *jū, a northern (Frisian?) variant of *iu, from Proto-Germanic *iwwiz, a West Germanic variant of *izwiz. Doublet of u. Etymology templates: {{inh|nl|dum|jou}} Middle Dutch jou, {{inh|nl|odt|*jū}} Old Dutch *jū, {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*iwwiz}} Proto-Germanic *iwwiz, {{doublet|nl|u}} Doublet of u Head templates: {{head|nl|pronoun|cat2=personal pronouns}} jou Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], ik [first-person, singular, stressed, subjective], 'k [first-person, singular, subjective, unstressed], mij [first-person, objective, singular, stressed], me [first-person, objective, singular, unstressed], mijn [first-person, possessive, singular, stressed], m'n [first-person, possessive, singular, unstressed], mijne [first-person, possessive, predicative], me [first-person, possessive, predicative, reflexive], mijner [archaic, first-person, genitive, predicative], mijns [archaic, first-person, genitive, predicative], jij [second-person, singular, stressed, subjective], je [second-person, singular, subjective, unstressed], jou [objective, second-person, singular, stressed], je [objective, second-person, singular, unstressed], jouw [possessive, second-person, singular, stressed], je [possessive, second-person, singular, unstressed], jouwe [possessive, predicative, second-person], je [possessive, predicative, reflexive, second-person], jouwer [archaic, genitive, predicative, second-person], jouws [archaic, genitive, predicative, second-person], gij [archaic, dialectal, second-person, singular, stressed, subjective], ge [archaic, dialectal, second-person, singular, subjective, unstressed], u [archaic, dialectal, objective, second-person, singular, stressed], - [archaic, dialectal, objective, second-person, singular, unstressed], uw [archaic, dialectal, possessive, second-person, singular, stressed], - [archaic, dialectal, possessive, second-person, singular, unstressed], uwe [archaic, dialectal, possessive, predicative, second-person], u [archaic, dialectal, possessive, predicative, reflexive, second-person], uwer [archaic, dialectal, genitive, predicative, second-person], uws [archaic, dialectal, genitive, predicative, second-person], u [formal, second-person, singular, stressed, subjective], - [formal, second-person, singular, subjective, unstressed], u [formal, objective, second-person, singular, stressed], - [formal, objective, second-person, singular, unstressed], uw [formal, possessive, second-person, singular, stressed], - [formal, possessive, second-person, singular, unstressed], uwe [formal, possessive, predicative, second-person], u [formal, possessive, predicative, reflexive, second-person], zich [formal, possessive, predicative, reflexive, second-person], uwer [archaic, formal, genitive, predicative, second-person], uws [archaic, formal, genitive, predicative, second-person], hij [masculine, singular, stressed, subjective, third-person], ie [masculine, singular, subjective, third-person, unstressed], hem [masculine, objective, singular, stressed, third-person], 'm [masculine, objective, singular, third-person, unstressed], zijn [masculine, possessive, singular, stressed, third-person], z'n [masculine, possessive, singular, third-person, unstressed], zijne [masculine, possessive, predicative, third-person], zich [masculine, possessive, predicative, reflexive, third-person], zijner [archaic, genitive, masculine, predicative, third-person], zijns [archaic, genitive, masculine, predicative, third-person], zij [feminine, singular, stressed, subjective, third-person], ze [feminine, singular, subjective, third-person, unstressed], haar [feminine, objective, singular, stressed, third-person], h'r [feminine, objective, singular, third-person, unstressed], 'r [feminine, objective, singular, third-person, unstressed], d'r [feminine, objective, singular, third-person, unstressed], haar [feminine, possessive, singular, stressed, third-person], h'r [feminine, possessive, singular, third-person, unstressed], 'r [feminine, possessive, singular, third-person, unstressed], d'r [feminine, possessive, singular, third-person, unstressed], hare [feminine, possessive, predicative, third-person], zich [feminine, possessive, predicative, reflexive, third-person], harer [archaic, feminine, genitive, predicative, third-person], haars [archaic, feminine, genitive, predicative, third-person], het [neuter, singular, stressed, subjective, third-person], 't [neuter, singular, subjective, third-person, unstressed], het [neuter, objective, singular, stressed, third-person], 't [neuter, objective, singular, third-person, unstressed], zijn [neuter, possessive, singular, stressed, third-person], z'n [neuter, possessive, singular, third-person, unstressed], zijne [neuter, possessive, predicative, third-person], zich [neuter, possessive, predicative, reflexive, third-person], zijner [archaic, genitive, neuter, predicative, third-person], zijns [archaic, genitive, neuter, predicative, third-person], hen [error-unrecognized-form, singular, stressed, subjective], - [error-unrecognized-form, singular, subjective, unstressed], hen [error-unrecognized-form, objective, singular, stressed], - [error-unrecognized-form, objective, singular, unstressed], hun [error-unrecognized-form, possessive, singular, stressed], - [error-unrecognized-form, possessive, singular, unstressed], hunne [error-unrecognized-form, possessive, predicative], zich [error-unrecognized-form, possessive, predicative, reflexive], hunner [archaic, error-unrecognized-form, genitive, predicative], huns [archaic, error-unrecognized-form, genitive, predicative], wij [first-person, plural, stressed, subjective], we [first-person, plural, subjective, unstressed], ons [first-person, objective, plural, stressed], - [first-person, objective, plural, unstressed], ons [first-person, plural, possessive, stressed], onze [first-person, plural, possessive, stressed], - [first-person, plural, possessive, unstressed], onze [first-person, possessive, predicative], ons [first-person, possessive, predicative, reflexive], onzer [archaic, first-person, genitive, predicative], onzes [archaic, first-person, genitive, predicative], jullie [plural, second-person, stressed, subjective], je [plural, second-person, subjective, unstressed], jullie [objective, plural, second-person, stressed], je [objective, plural, second-person, unstressed], jullie [plural, possessive, second-person, stressed], je [plural, possessive, second-person, unstressed], - [possessive, predicative, second-person], - [archaic, genitive, predicative, second-person], gij [archaic, dialectal, plural, second-person, stressed, subjective], ge [archaic, dialectal, plural, second-person, subjective, unstressed], u [archaic, dialectal, objective, plural, second-person, stressed], - [archaic, dialectal, objective, plural, second-person, unstressed], uw [archaic, dialectal, plural, possessive, second-person, stressed], - [archaic, dialectal, plural, possessive, second-person, unstressed], u [formal, plural, second-person, stressed, subjective], - [formal, plural, second-person, subjective, unstressed], u [formal, objective, plural, second-person, stressed], - [formal, objective, plural, second-person, unstressed], uw [formal, plural, possessive, second-person, stressed], - [formal, plural, possessive, second-person, unstressed], zij [plural, stressed, subjective, third-person], ze [plural, subjective, third-person, unstressed], hen [objective, plural, stressed, third-person], hun [objective, plural, stressed, third-person], ze [objective, plural, third-person, unstressed], hun [plural, possessive, stressed, third-person], - [plural, possessive, third-person, unstressed], hunne [possessive, predicative, third-person], zich [possessive, predicative, reflexive, third-person], hunner [archaic, genitive, predicative, third-person], huns [archaic, genitive, predicative, third-person], a [alternative, Brabant]
  1. you; second-person singular objective personal pronoun
    Sense id: en-jou-nl-pron-DfVaz6dV Categories (other): Dutch personal pronouns, Dutch pronouns Disambiguation of Dutch personal pronouns: 40 3 28 27 2 Disambiguation of Dutch pronouns: 16 8 35 35 5
  2. misspelling of jouw (“your”) Tags: alt-of, misspelling Alternative form of: jouw (extra: your)
    Sense id: en-jou-nl-pron-LNgn26BS
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: jouzelf

Verb

IPA: /jɑu̯/ Audio: Nl-jou.ogg
Rhymes: -ɑu̯ Etymology: From Middle Dutch jou, from Old Dutch *jū, a northern (Frisian?) variant of *iu, from Proto-Germanic *iwwiz, a West Germanic variant of *izwiz. Doublet of u. Etymology templates: {{inh|nl|dum|jou}} Middle Dutch jou, {{inh|nl|odt|*jū}} Old Dutch *jū, {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*iwwiz}} Proto-Germanic *iwwiz, {{doublet|nl|u}} Doublet of u Head templates: {{head|nl|verb form}} jou
  1. inflection of jouen:
    first-person singular present indicative     Tags: first-person, form-of, indicative, present, singular Form of: jouen
    Sense id: en-jou-nl-verb-cd3j7hq6 Categories (other): Pages with entries, West Frisian entries with incorrect language header, Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Dutch pronouns Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 0 6 0 3 0 9 0 0 10 10 1 7 9 5 6 0 0 0 6 6 1 1 2 5 8 3 0 Disambiguation of West Frisian entries with incorrect language header: 0 0 1 2 5 2 3 3 1 16 16 6 2 3 5 1 1 3 1 3 4 2 2 3 3 2 6 3 Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 3 2 42 42 12 Disambiguation of Dutch pronouns: 16 8 35 35 5
  2. inflection of jouen:
    (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative     Tags: form-of, indicative, present, second-person, singular Form of: jouen
    Sense id: en-jou-nl-verb-KRG1wCwc Categories (other): Pages with entries, West Frisian entries with incorrect language header, Dutch entries with incorrect language header, Dutch pronouns Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 0 6 0 3 0 9 0 0 10 10 1 7 9 5 6 0 0 0 6 6 1 1 2 5 8 3 0 Disambiguation of West Frisian entries with incorrect language header: 0 0 1 2 5 2 3 3 1 16 16 6 2 3 5 1 1 3 1 3 4 2 2 3 3 2 6 3 Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 3 2 42 42 12 Disambiguation of Dutch pronouns: 16 8 35 35 5
  3. inflection of jouen:
    imperative     Tags: form-of, imperative Form of: jouen
    Sense id: en-jou-nl-verb-2oJpRz3k Categories (other): Dutch entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Dutch entries with incorrect language header: 3 2 42 42 12
     
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "jouzelf"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "lang_code": "af",
      "word": "jou"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Jersey Dutch",
      "lang_code": "gmw-jdt",
      "word": "jāu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Petjo",
      "lang_code": "pey",
      "word": "jou"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Skepi Creole Dutch",
      "lang_code": "skw",
      "word": "asu"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "jou"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch jou",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*jū"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *jū",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*iwwiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *iwwiz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "u"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of u",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch jou, from Old Dutch *jū, a northern (Frisian?) variant of *iu, from Proto-Germanic *iwwiz, a West Germanic variant of *izwiz. Doublet of u.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l-self",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ik",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "subjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "'k",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjective",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "me",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mijn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "m'n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mijne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "me",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mijner",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "first-person",
        "genitive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mijns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "first-person",
        "genitive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "subjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjective",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "objective",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "objective",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jouw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jouwe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jouwer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jouws",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "subjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjective",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "objective",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "objective",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uwe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uwer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uws",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "subjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjective",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "objective",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "objective",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uwe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zich",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uwer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uws",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "subjective",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "subjective",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "'m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "z'n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zich",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijner",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "subjective",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "subjective",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "h'r",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "'r",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "d'r",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "h'r",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "'r",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "d'r",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hare",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zich",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haars",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "subjective",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "'t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "subjective",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "'t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "z'n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zich",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijner",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "subjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular",
        "subjective",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hunne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "possessive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zich",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hunner",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "genitive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "huns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "genitive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "stressed",
        "subjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "we",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjective",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ons",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ons",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "onze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "onze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ons",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "onzer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "first-person",
        "genitive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "onzes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "first-person",
        "genitive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jullie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "stressed",
        "subjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjective",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jullie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jullie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "stressed",
        "subjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjective",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "stressed",
        "subjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjective",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "stressed",
        "subjective",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "subjective",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "stressed",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "stressed",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "stressed",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hunne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zich",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hunner",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "huns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Brabant"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "cat2": "personal pronouns"
      },
      "expansion": "jou",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "jou"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "40 3 28 27 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch personal pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 8 35 35 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              30,
              33
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              17,
              20
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I'll do this for you.",
          "text": "Ik zal dit wel even doen voor jou.",
          "translation": "I'll do this for you.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Can I ask you something?",
          "text": "Kan ik jou iets vragen?",
          "translation": "Can I ask you something?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I'm giving you my book to read.",
          "text": "Ik geef jou mijn boek om te lezen.",
          "translation": "I'm giving you my book to read.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              26,
              29
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              22,
              25
            ]
          ],
          "english": "She bought a gift for you.",
          "text": "Zij heeft een cadeau voor jou gekocht.",
          "translation": "She bought a gift for you.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "you; second-person singular objective personal pronoun"
      ],
      "id": "en-jou-nl-pron-DfVaz6dV",
      "links": [
        [
          "you",
          "you"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "your",
          "word": "jouw"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "misspelling of jouw (“your”)"
      ],
      "id": "en-jou-nl-pron-LNgn26BS",
      "links": [
        [
          "jouw",
          "jouw#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "misspelling"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/jɑu̯/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-jou.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Nl-jou.ogg/Nl-jou.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Nl-jou.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑu̯"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "jouw"
    }
  ],
  "word": "jou"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "jou"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch jou",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*jū"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *jū",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*iwwiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *iwwiz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "u"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of u",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch jou, from Old Dutch *jū, a northern (Frisian?) variant of *iu, from Proto-Germanic *iwwiz, a West Germanic variant of *izwiz. Doublet of u.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "jou",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "jou"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 6 0 3 0 9 0 0 10 10 1 7 9 5 6 0 0 0 6 6 1 1 2 5 8 3 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 1 2 5 2 3 3 1 16 16 6 2 3 5 1 1 3 1 3 4 2 2 3 3 2 6 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 2 42 42 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 8 35 35 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "jouen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of jouen:",
        "first-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "id": "en-jou-nl-verb-cd3j7hq6",
      "links": [
        [
          "jouen",
          "jouen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 6 0 3 0 9 0 0 10 10 1 7 9 5 6 0 0 0 6 6 1 1 2 5 8 3 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 1 2 5 2 3 3 1 16 16 6 2 3 5 1 1 3 1 3 4 2 2 3 3 2 6 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 2 42 42 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 8 35 35 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "jouen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of jouen:",
        "second-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "id": "en-jou-nl-verb-KRG1wCwc",
      "links": [
        [
          "jouen",
          "jouen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of jouen:",
        "(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in case of inversion"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 2 42 42 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "jouen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of jouen:",
        "imperative"
      ],
      "id": "en-jou-nl-verb-2oJpRz3k",
      "links": [
        [
          "jouen",
          "jouen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/jɑu̯/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-jou.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Nl-jou.ogg/Nl-jou.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Nl-jou.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑu̯"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "jouw"
    }
  ],
  "word": "jou"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch doublets",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch non-lemma forms",
    "Dutch personal pronouns",
    "Dutch pronouns",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms with homophones",
    "Dutch verb forms",
    "Pages with 17 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯/1 syllable",
    "West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
    "West Frisian non-lemma forms",
    "West Frisian verb forms"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "jouzelf"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "lang_code": "af",
      "word": "jou"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Jersey Dutch",
      "lang_code": "gmw-jdt",
      "word": "jāu"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Petjo",
      "lang_code": "pey",
      "word": "jou"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Skepi Creole Dutch",
      "lang_code": "skw",
      "word": "asu"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "jou"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch jou",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*jū"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *jū",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*iwwiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *iwwiz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "u"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of u",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch jou, from Old Dutch *jū, a northern (Frisian?) variant of *iu, from Proto-Germanic *iwwiz, a West Germanic variant of *izwiz. Doublet of u.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "l-self",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ik",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "subjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "'k",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjective",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "me",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mijn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "m'n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mijne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "me",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mijner",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "first-person",
        "genitive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mijns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "first-person",
        "genitive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "subjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjective",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "objective",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "objective",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jouw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jouwe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jouwer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jouws",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "subjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjective",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "objective",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "objective",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uwe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uwer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uws",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "subjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjective",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "objective",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "objective",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uwe",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zich",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uwer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uws",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "formal",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "subjective",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "subjective",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "'m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "z'n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zich",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijner",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "subjective",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "subjective",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "h'r",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "'r",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "d'r",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "h'r",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "'r",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "d'r",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hare",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zich",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "harer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haars",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "subjective",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "'t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "subjective",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "het",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "'t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijn",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "z'n",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zich",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijner",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zijns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular",
        "stressed",
        "subjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "singular",
        "subjective",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "objective",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "possessive",
        "singular",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hunne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "possessive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zich",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hunner",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "genitive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "huns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "genitive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "stressed",
        "subjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "we",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjective",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ons",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ons",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "onze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "onze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ons",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "onzer",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "first-person",
        "genitive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "onzes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "first-person",
        "genitive",
        "predicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jullie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "stressed",
        "subjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjective",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jullie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jullie",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "je",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "stressed",
        "subjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ge",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjective",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "dialectal",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "stressed",
        "subjective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjective",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "stressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "second-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zij",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "stressed",
        "subjective",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "subjective",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hen",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "stressed",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "stressed",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ze",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "objective",
        "plural",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "stressed",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "possessive",
        "third-person",
        "unstressed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hunne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zich",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "possessive",
        "predicative",
        "reflexive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hunner",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "huns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "archaic",
        "genitive",
        "predicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Brabant"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "pronoun",
        "cat2": "personal pronouns"
      },
      "expansion": "jou",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "jou"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "pron",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Dutch terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              30,
              33
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              17,
              20
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I'll do this for you.",
          "text": "Ik zal dit wel even doen voor jou.",
          "translation": "I'll do this for you.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              7,
              10
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              10,
              13
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Can I ask you something?",
          "text": "Kan ik jou iets vragen?",
          "translation": "Can I ask you something?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              8,
              11
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              11,
              14
            ]
          ],
          "english": "I'm giving you my book to read.",
          "text": "Ik geef jou mijn boek om te lezen.",
          "translation": "I'm giving you my book to read.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              26,
              29
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              22,
              25
            ]
          ],
          "english": "She bought a gift for you.",
          "text": "Zij heeft een cadeau voor jou gekocht.",
          "translation": "She bought a gift for you.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "you; second-person singular objective personal pronoun"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "you",
          "you"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "your",
          "word": "jouw"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Dutch misspellings"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "misspelling of jouw (“your”)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "jouw",
          "jouw#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "misspelling"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/jɑu̯/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-jou.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Nl-jou.ogg/Nl-jou.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Nl-jou.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑu̯"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "jouw"
    }
  ],
  "word": "jou"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Dutch doublets",
    "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
    "Dutch lemmas",
    "Dutch non-lemma forms",
    "Dutch personal pronouns",
    "Dutch pronouns",
    "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
    "Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Dutch terms with homophones",
    "Dutch verb forms",
    "Pages with 17 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯",
    "Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯/1 syllable",
    "West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
    "West Frisian non-lemma forms",
    "West Frisian verb forms"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "dum",
        "3": "jou"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch jou",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "odt",
        "3": "*jū"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Dutch *jū",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*iwwiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *iwwiz",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "u"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of u",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch jou, from Old Dutch *jū, a northern (Frisian?) variant of *iu, from Proto-Germanic *iwwiz, a West Germanic variant of *izwiz. Doublet of u.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "jou",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "jou"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Dutch",
  "lang_code": "nl",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "jouen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of jouen:",
        "first-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "jouen",
          "jouen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "jouen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of jouen:",
        "second-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "jouen",
          "jouen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of jouen:",
        "(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "in case of inversion"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "jouen"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of jouen:",
        "imperative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "jouen",
          "jouen#Dutch"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/jɑu̯/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "Nl-jou.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/Nl-jou.ogg/Nl-jou.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Nl-jou.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɑu̯"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "jouw"
    }
  ],
  "word": "jou"
}

Download raw JSONL data for jou meaning in Dutch (20.0kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '3rd person gender-neutral'",
  "path": [
    "jou"
  ],
  "section": "Dutch",
  "subsection": "pronoun",
  "title": "jou",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.