See hun in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Originally a mere spelling variant of hen.\nPossessive hun started replacing haar from the 15th century, first only for masculine and neuter plural.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "personal"
},
"expansion": "hun (personal)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"hun"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The dative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them, to them"
],
"id": "en-hun-nl-pron-8cRDpGat",
"links": [
[
"them",
"them"
]
],
"tags": [
"personal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 69 15 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 46 21 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The accusative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them"
],
"id": "en-hun-nl-pron-rtR0VAT9",
"links": [
[
"them",
"them"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(proscribed) The accusative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them"
],
"tags": [
"personal",
"proscribed"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɦʏn/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-hun.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Nl-hun.ogg/Nl-hun.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Nl-hun.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nicoline van der Sijs"
],
"word": "hun"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Originally a mere spelling variant of hen.\nPossessive hun started replacing haar from the 15th century, first only for masculine and neuter plural.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hunne",
"tags": [
"independent",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-personal pronouns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "'k",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "me",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "m'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "me",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "mijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "mijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "jij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jouw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jouwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jouwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jouws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "z'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "haar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "h'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "d'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "haar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "h'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "d'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "harer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "het",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "het",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "z'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "we",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "onze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "onze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "onzer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "onzes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "jullie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
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"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
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"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
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},
{
"form": "uws",
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"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
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"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zij",
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"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
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"plural",
"pronoun",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hen",
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"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hun",
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"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hunner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "huns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
}
],
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"2": "pronoun",
"3": "personal"
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"name": "head"
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{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dependent possessive"
},
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"name": "tlb"
}
],
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],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-personal pronouns"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Do you know their brother?",
"text": "Ken je hun broer?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The third-person plural possessive pronoun: their"
],
"id": "en-hun-nl-pron-~XUSmsGG",
"links": [
[
"their",
"their"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "zij"
},
{
"word": "ze"
},
{
"word": "hen"
}
],
"tags": [
"dependent",
"personal",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɦʏn/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-hun.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Nl-hun.ogg/Nl-hun.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Nl-hun.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏn"
}
],
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],
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}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "hulle"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans hulle",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely a replacement of or based on dialectal Dutch hullie or a variant thereof, which is a contraction of hunlieden or hunlui, a compound of hun (\"them\") + lieden or lui (both meaning \"men, people\"), which then translates roughly into \"them-people\". Possibly reinfluenced by or confused with the possessive hun. This etymology explains why usage of hun occurs only when referring to people, never to objects. It's similar to dialectal zun often used colloquially in the Belgian province of Antwerp, which is a contraction of ze (\"they\") + hun (\"them\"), and which is also only used for people. Also compare Afrikaans hulle, which also stems from hunlui, but is now used also for things. For more information, see the article in the Dutch Wikipedia.",
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{
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],
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Netherlands Dutch",
"parents": [],
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}
],
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],
"id": "en-hun-nl-pron-sqAHZMKQ",
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"they"
]
],
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"(proscribed, regiolectal, Netherlands) The nominative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: they (only referring to people)"
],
"synonyms": [
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"word": "zijlui"
},
{
"word": "zijlieden"
}
],
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"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"proscribed"
]
}
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{
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}
{
"categories": [
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"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch pronouns",
"Pages with 28 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏn",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏn/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Originally a mere spelling variant of hen.\nPossessive hun started replacing haar from the 15th century, first only for masculine and neuter plural.",
"head_templates": [
{
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"2": "pronoun",
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],
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{
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"The dative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them, to them"
],
"links": [
[
"them",
"them"
]
],
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"personal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch proscribed terms"
],
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"The accusative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them"
],
"links": [
[
"them",
"them"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(proscribed) The accusative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: them"
],
"tags": [
"personal",
"proscribed"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɦʏn/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-hun.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Nl-hun.ogg/Nl-hun.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Nl-hun.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "hun"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch pronouns",
"Pages with 28 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏn",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏn/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Originally a mere spelling variant of hen.\nPossessive hun started replacing haar from the 15th century, first only for masculine and neuter plural.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hunne",
"tags": [
"independent",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-personal pronouns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "'k",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "me",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "m'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mijne",
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"tags": [
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"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "me",
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"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "mijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "mijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "jij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jouw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jouwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jouwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jouws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"dialectal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
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"tags": [
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"dialectal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
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"dialectal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
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]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"dialectal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
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"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
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]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
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"singular",
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]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
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"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
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]
},
{
"form": "u",
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"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
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]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
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"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
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"pronoun",
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]
},
{
"form": "uws",
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"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
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},
{
"form": "u",
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"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
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]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"formal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
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"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"formal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
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"tags": [
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"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
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"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
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]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
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"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
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"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
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"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uws",
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"tags": [
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"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hij",
"source": "declension",
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"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hem",
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"tags": [
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"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'m",
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"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
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]
},
{
"form": "zijn",
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"tags": [
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"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "z'n",
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"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
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"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijner",
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"tags": [
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"genitive",
"masculine",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"genitive",
"masculine",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zij",
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"personal",
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"singular",
"stressed",
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},
{
"form": "ze",
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"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
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]
},
{
"form": "haar",
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"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "h'r",
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"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "'r",
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"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
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]
},
{
"form": "d'r",
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"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "haar",
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"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
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"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "h'r",
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"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
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]
},
{
"form": "'r",
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"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
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]
},
{
"form": "d'r",
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"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
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]
},
{
"form": "hare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "harer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "het",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "het",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "z'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "we",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "onze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "onze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "onzer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "onzes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "jullie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hunner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "huns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "personal"
},
"expansion": "hun (personal)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dependent possessive"
},
"expansion": "(dependent possessive)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"hun"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-personal pronouns"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"word": "zij"
},
{
"word": "ze"
},
{
"word": "hen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Do you know their brother?",
"text": "Ken je hun broer?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The third-person plural possessive pronoun: their"
],
"links": [
[
"their",
"their"
]
],
"tags": [
"dependent",
"personal",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɦʏn/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-hun.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Nl-hun.ogg/Nl-hun.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Nl-hun.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Nicoline van der Sijs"
],
"word": "hun"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch pronouns",
"Pages with 28 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏn",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏn/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "hulle"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans hulle",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely a replacement of or based on dialectal Dutch hullie or a variant thereof, which is a contraction of hunlieden or hunlui, a compound of hun (\"them\") + lieden or lui (both meaning \"men, people\"), which then translates roughly into \"them-people\". Possibly reinfluenced by or confused with the possessive hun. This etymology explains why usage of hun occurs only when referring to people, never to objects. It's similar to dialectal zun often used colloquially in the Belgian province of Antwerp, which is a contraction of ze (\"they\") + hun (\"them\"), and which is also only used for people. Also compare Afrikaans hulle, which also stems from hunlui, but is now used also for things. For more information, see the article in the Dutch Wikipedia.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "personal"
},
"expansion": "hun (personal)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"hun"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch proscribed terms",
"Netherlands Dutch"
],
"glosses": [
"The nominative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: they (only referring to people)"
],
"links": [
[
"they",
"they"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(proscribed, regiolectal, Netherlands) The nominative case of the third-person plural personal pronoun: they (only referring to people)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "zijlui"
},
{
"word": "zijlieden"
}
],
"tags": [
"Netherlands",
"dependent",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"proscribed"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɦʏn/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-hun.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Nl-hun.ogg/Nl-hun.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Nl-hun.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏn"
}
],
"word": "hun"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hun meaning in Dutch (20.0kB)
{
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"path": [
"hun"
],
"section": "Dutch",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "hun",
"trace": ""
}
{
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}
{
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}
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{
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"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Dutch]; cleaned text: 3rd person feminine",
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}
{
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"path": [
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{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Dutch]; cleaned text: 3rd person",
"path": [
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],
"section": "Dutch",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "hun",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Dutch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.