See zich on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "sich"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German sich",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "goh",
"3": "sih"
},
"expansion": "Old High German sih",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sik"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sik",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "*sek"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sek",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "sich"
},
"expansion": "German sich",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German sich, from Old High German sih, from Proto-West Germanic *sik, from Proto-Germanic *sek, cognate with German sich.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "reflexive pronouns"
},
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"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cimbrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cimbrian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cimbrian reflexive pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 20 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sette Comuni Cimbrian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third-person reflexive pronoun: herself, himself, itself, themselves"
],
"id": "en-zich-cim-pron-CnBuoV8O",
"links": [
[
"herself",
"herself"
],
[
"himself",
"himself"
],
[
"itself",
"itself"
],
[
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]
}
],
"word": "zich"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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"args": {
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},
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"name": "head"
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{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
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},
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ich"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "miar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "du"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dich"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "diar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "iart"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ach"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "òich"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "èar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "in"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "en"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "iime"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "zi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ze"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "iar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "es"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "is"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "'s"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bandare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "izàndarn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "iartàndare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "artàndare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ogàndarn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "zòi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "zandare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "innàndarn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
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{
"extra": "them",
"word": "ze"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative of ze: them"
],
"id": "en-zich-cim-pron-UU1eXzzS",
"links": [
[
"ze",
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],
[
"them",
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},
{
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{
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"accusative of bar: us"
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"links": [
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[
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],
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]
}
],
"word": "zich"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "op zich"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "voor zich"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "zichzelf"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "dum",
"3": "sich"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch sich",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "sich"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German sich",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
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{
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"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sek"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sek",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch sich, from Middle High German sich, from Old High German sih, from Proto-West Germanic *sik, from Proto-Germanic *sek. Old Dutch did not have a reflexive pronoun (only rarely in early Limburgish texts), but used the normal accusative pronoun (if necessary intensified by selven, cf. English himself). Although the use of zich in Holland-based Dutch was clearly triggered by written German, this development was assisted by the fact that the south-eastern dialects of Dutch had already adopted certain High German pronoun forms in much earlier times (cf. Limburgish ich, mich, dich, zich).",
"forms": [
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"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
"form": "hij",
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},
{
"form": "ie",
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]
},
{
"form": "hem",
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"singular",
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]
},
{
"form": "'m",
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]
},
{
"form": "zijn",
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]
},
{
"form": "z'n",
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},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"form": "zij",
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{
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{
"form": "haar",
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},
{
"form": "h'r",
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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]
},
{
"form": "hare",
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"predicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
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"tags": [
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"possessive",
"predicative",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "harer",
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]
},
{
"form": "haars",
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]
},
{
"form": "het",
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"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'t",
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"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "het",
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},
{
"form": "'t",
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"objective",
"singular",
"third-person",
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]
},
{
"form": "zijn",
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"possessive",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "z'n",
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"tags": [
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"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijne",
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"tags": [
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"possessive",
"predicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
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"possessive",
"predicative",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijner",
"source": "declension",
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"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijns",
"source": "declension",
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"predicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hen",
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]
},
{
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},
{
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]
},
{
"form": "-",
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"tags": [
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"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hun",
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"error-unrecognized-form",
"possessive",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"possessive",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hunne",
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"possessive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
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]
},
{
"form": "hunner",
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"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "huns",
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"tags": [
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"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "wij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"plural",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "we",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"plural",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"plural",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "onze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "onze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "onzer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "onzes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "jullie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jullie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"plural",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"plural",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jullie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"predicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"predicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"plural",
"second-person",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"plural",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"plural",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"second-person",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"plural",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"plural",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"plural",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"plural",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"plural",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"predicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"predicative",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hunner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"predicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "huns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"predicative",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pronouns"
},
"expansion": "zich",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"zich"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch reflexive pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He washes himself.",
"text": "Hij wast zich.",
"translation": "He washes himself."
},
{
"english": "He washes his face.",
"text": "Hij wast zich het gezicht.",
"translation": "He washes his face."
},
{
"english": "Every man for himself.",
"text": "Ieder voor zich.",
"translation": "Every man for himself."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself"
],
"id": "en-zich-nl-pron-IxHCEIAy",
"links": [
[
"himself",
"himself"
],
[
"herself",
"herself"
],
[
"itself",
"itself"
],
[
"themselves",
"themselves"
],
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive pronoun) Third person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself"
],
"tags": [
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch reflexive pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
20
]
],
"english": "Did you hit yourself in the dark?",
"text": "Sloeg u zich in het donker?",
"translation": "Did you hit yourself in the dark?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"english": "You can shave here.",
"text": "U kunt zich hier scheren.",
"translation": "You can shave here.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"english": "Aren't you mistaken?",
"text": "Vergist u zich niet?",
"translation": "Aren't you mistaken?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Second person singular and plural formal reflexive pronoun; yourself, yourselves"
],
"id": "en-zich-nl-pron-zvnoNMxn",
"links": [
[
"yourself",
"yourself"
],
[
"yourselves",
"yourselves"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive pronoun, formal) Second person singular and plural formal reflexive pronoun; yourself, yourselves"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 2 2 14 15 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 1 9 10 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 27 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 29 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He fell and this resulted in an accident.",
"text": "Hij viel zich een ongeluk",
"translation": "He fell and this resulted in an accident."
},
{
"english": "He laughed so severely that it left him a hunchback.",
"text": "Hij lachte zich een bult",
"translation": "He laughed so severely that it left him a hunchback."
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses an unintended result with many otherwise non-reflexive and ergative verbs"
],
"id": "en-zich-nl-pron-CmOQB10Y"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/zɪx/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-zich.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/Nl-zich.ogg/Nl-zich.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Nl-zich.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪx"
}
],
"word": "zich"
}
{
"categories": [
"Cimbrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Cimbrian lemmas",
"Cimbrian non-lemma forms",
"Cimbrian pronoun forms",
"Cimbrian pronouns",
"Cimbrian reflexive pronouns",
"Cimbrian terms derived from Middle High German",
"Cimbrian terms derived from Old High German",
"Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Cimbrian terms inherited from Middle High German",
"Cimbrian terms inherited from Old High German",
"Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sette Comuni Cimbrian"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "sich"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German sich",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "goh",
"3": "sih"
},
"expansion": "Old High German sih",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sik"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sik",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sek"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sek",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "sich"
},
"expansion": "German sich",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German sich, from Old High German sih, from Proto-West Germanic *sik, from Proto-Germanic *sek, cognate with German sich.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "reflexive pronouns"
},
"expansion": "zich",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Third-person reflexive pronoun: herself, himself, itself, themselves"
],
"links": [
[
"herself",
"herself"
],
[
"himself",
"himself"
],
[
"itself",
"itself"
],
[
"themselves",
"themselves"
]
]
}
],
"word": "zich"
}
{
"categories": [
"Cimbrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Cimbrian non-lemma forms",
"Cimbrian pronoun forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sette Comuni Cimbrian"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "pronoun form"
},
"expansion": "zich",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "7"
},
"expansion": "(Sette Comuni)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"word": "ich"
},
{
"word": "mich"
},
{
"word": "miar"
},
{
"word": "du"
},
{
"word": "dich"
},
{
"word": "diar"
},
{
"word": "iart"
},
{
"word": "ach"
},
{
"word": "òich"
},
{
"word": "èar"
},
{
"word": "ar"
},
{
"word": "in"
},
{
"word": "en"
},
{
"word": "iime"
},
{
"word": "zi"
},
{
"word": "ze"
},
{
"word": "iar"
},
{
"word": "es"
},
{
"word": "is"
},
{
"word": "'s"
},
{
"word": "bar"
},
{
"word": "bandare"
},
{
"word": "izàndarn"
},
{
"word": "iartàndare"
},
{
"word": "artàndare"
},
{
"word": "ogàndarn"
},
{
"word": "zòi"
},
{
"word": "zandare"
},
{
"word": "innàndarn"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "them",
"word": "ze"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative of ze: them"
],
"links": [
[
"ze",
"ze#Cimbrian"
],
[
"them",
"them"
]
],
"tags": [
"Sette-Comuni",
"accusative",
"form-of"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "us",
"word": "bar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative of bar: us"
],
"links": [
[
"bar",
"bar#Cimbrian"
],
[
"us",
"us"
]
],
"tags": [
"Sette-Comuni",
"accusative",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "zich"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch pronouns",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle High German",
"Dutch terms derived from Old High German",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɪx",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɪx/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "op zich"
},
{
"word": "voor zich"
},
{
"word": "zichzelf"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "sich"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch sich",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "sich"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German sich",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "goh",
"3": "sih"
},
"expansion": "Old High German sih",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sik"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sik",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*sek"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sek",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch sich, from Middle High German sich, from Old High German sih, from Proto-West Germanic *sik, from Proto-Germanic *sek. Old Dutch did not have a reflexive pronoun (only rarely in early Limburgish texts), but used the normal accusative pronoun (if necessary intensified by selven, cf. English himself). Although the use of zich in Holland-based Dutch was clearly triggered by written German, this development was assisted by the fact that the south-eastern dialects of Dutch had already adopted certain High German pronoun forms in much earlier times (cf. Limburgish ich, mich, dich, zich).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "'k",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "me",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "m'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "me",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "mijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "mijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "jij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jouw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jouwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"predicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"predicative",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jouwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"predicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jouws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"predicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"predicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"predicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"genitive",
"predicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"genitive",
"predicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"objective",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"objective",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessive",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "z'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"predicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"predicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "haar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "h'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "d'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "haar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessive",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "h'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "d'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "harer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"predicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"predicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "het",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "het",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"objective",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"objective",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"possessive",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "z'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"possessive",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"predicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"predicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"objective",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"objective",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"possessive",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"possessive",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"possessive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "hunner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "huns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"genitive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "wij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "we",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"plural",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"plural",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "onze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"possessive",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "onze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "onzer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "onzes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "jullie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jullie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"plural",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"plural",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jullie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"predicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"predicative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"plural",
"second-person",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"plural",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"plural",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"second-person",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"plural",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"plural",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"plural",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"plural",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"plural",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"predicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"predicative",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hunner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"predicative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "huns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"predicative",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pronouns"
},
"expansion": "zich",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"zich"
]
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch reflexive pronouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He washes himself.",
"text": "Hij wast zich.",
"translation": "He washes himself."
},
{
"english": "He washes his face.",
"text": "Hij wast zich het gezicht.",
"translation": "He washes his face."
},
{
"english": "Every man for himself.",
"text": "Ieder voor zich.",
"translation": "Every man for himself."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Third person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself"
],
"links": [
[
"himself",
"himself"
],
[
"herself",
"herself"
],
[
"itself",
"itself"
],
[
"themselves",
"themselves"
],
[
"oneself",
"oneself"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive pronoun) Third person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself"
],
"tags": [
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Dutch formal terms",
"Dutch reflexive pronouns",
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
12,
20
]
],
"english": "Did you hit yourself in the dark?",
"text": "Sloeg u zich in het donker?",
"translation": "Did you hit yourself in the dark?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
11
]
],
"english": "You can shave here.",
"text": "U kunt zich hier scheren.",
"translation": "You can shave here.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
14
]
],
"english": "Aren't you mistaken?",
"text": "Vergist u zich niet?",
"translation": "Aren't you mistaken?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Second person singular and plural formal reflexive pronoun; yourself, yourselves"
],
"links": [
[
"yourself",
"yourself"
],
[
"yourselves",
"yourselves"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive pronoun, formal) Second person singular and plural formal reflexive pronoun; yourself, yourselves"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "He fell and this resulted in an accident.",
"text": "Hij viel zich een ongeluk",
"translation": "He fell and this resulted in an accident."
},
{
"english": "He laughed so severely that it left him a hunchback.",
"text": "Hij lachte zich een bult",
"translation": "He laughed so severely that it left him a hunchback."
}
],
"glosses": [
"expresses an unintended result with many otherwise non-reflexive and ergative verbs"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/zɪx/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-zich.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5e/Nl-zich.ogg/Nl-zich.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Nl-zich.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪx"
}
],
"word": "zich"
}
Download raw JSONL data for zich meaning in All languages combined (21.6kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: '3rd person gender-neutral'",
"path": [
"zich"
],
"section": "Dutch",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "zich",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (6fdc867 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.