See jij on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "jy"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: jy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: jy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brc",
"2": "ju"
},
"expansion": "Berbice Creole Dutch: ju",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Berbice Creole Dutch: ju"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-jdt",
"2": "jāi"
},
"expansion": "Jersey Dutch: jāi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jersey Dutch: jāi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "joe",
"3": "ju"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: joe, ju",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: joe, ju"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pey",
"2": "jij"
},
"expansion": "Petjo: jij",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Petjo: jij"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "ji"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ji",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "gī"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch gī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*jīz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *jīz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yū́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yū́",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "ji"
},
"expansion": "Low German ji",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ye"
},
"expansion": "English ye",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "jimme"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian jimme",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ihr"
},
"expansion": "German ihr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gij",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "gij",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch ji, northern form of gi, from Old Dutch gī, from Proto-Germanic *jīz, a northwest Germanic variant of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. Cognate with Low German ji, jie, English ye, West Frisian jimme, German ihr.\nUntil the earlier 20th century, jij was considered exclusively colloquial and hardly appeared in writing. The standard equivalent was the doublet gij. However, the latter’s object and possessive forms u and uw interfered with the polite pronoun u that had developed in the northern Netherlands and this could be odd-sounding e.g. in private letters. Therefore the Hollandic colloquial system (with jij, jou and jullie) came to be fully standardized after WWII. Gij has since been restricted to religious and highly formal contexts in the Netherlands, but remains common in Belgium.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-personal pronouns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "'k",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "me",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "m'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "me",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "mijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "mijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "jij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jouw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jouwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jouwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jouws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "z'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "haar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "h'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "d'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "haar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "h'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "d'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "harer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "het",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "het",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "z'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "we",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "onze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "onze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "onzer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "onzes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "jullie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
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"tags": [
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"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uws",
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"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
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"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hun",
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"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hunne",
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"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hunner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "huns",
"source": "declension",
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"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"2": "pronoun"
},
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"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"jij"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-personal pronouns"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You weren't there.",
"text": "Jij was er niet.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you"
],
"id": "en-jij-nl-pron-uwNHpGjZ",
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(second-person singular subjective personal pronoun) you"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "je"
},
{
"word": "jullie"
}
],
"tags": [
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/jɛi̯/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-jij.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/Nl-jij.ogg/Nl-jij.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Nl-jij.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛi̯"
},
{
"ipa": "/jə/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:jij"
],
"word": "jij"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "ji"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ji",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "gī"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch gī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*jīz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *jīz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yū́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yū́",
"name": "der"
},
{
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},
"expansion": "Low German ji",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
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},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
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},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ihr"
},
"expansion": "German ihr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gij",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "gij",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch ji, northern form of gi, from Old Dutch gī, from Proto-Germanic *jīz, a northwest Germanic variant of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. Cognate with Low German ji, jie, English ye, West Frisian jimme, German ihr.\nUntil the earlier 20th century, jij was considered exclusively colloquial and hardly appeared in writing. The standard equivalent was the doublet gij. However, the latter’s object and possessive forms u and uw interfered with the polite pronoun u that had developed in the northern Netherlands and this could be odd-sounding e.g. in private letters. Therefore the Hollandic colloquial system (with jij, jou and jullie) came to be fully standardized after WWII. Gij has since been restricted to religious and highly formal contexts in the Netherlands, but remains common in Belgium.",
"head_templates": [
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"2": "verb form"
},
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}
],
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],
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"pos": "verb",
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{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 42 42 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 36 36 12 11 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 32 32 4 29 2 0",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
"word": "jijen"
}
],
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"inflection of jijen:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-jij-nl-verb-N8Nd809A",
"links": [
[
"jijen",
"jijen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 44 44 12",
"kind": "other",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
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},
{
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"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
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},
{
"_dis": "5 42 42 11",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 36 36 12 11 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 32 32 4 29 2 0",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
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}
],
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],
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"links": [
[
"jijen",
"jijen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of jijen:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 44 44 12",
"kind": "other",
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"Entry maintenance"
],
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},
{
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},
{
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"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
"word": "jijen"
}
],
"glosses": [
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"imperative"
],
"id": "en-jij-nl-verb-caJHuOY-",
"links": [
[
"jijen",
"jijen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/jɛi̯/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-jij.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/Nl-jij.ogg/Nl-jij.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Nl-jij.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛi̯"
},
{
"ipa": "/jə/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:jij"
],
"word": "jij"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "fr",
"3": "juge",
"4": "",
"5": "judge"
},
"expansion": "French juge (“judge”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French juge (“judge”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "jij",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Haitian Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"orig": "ht:Legal occupations",
"parents": [
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"Justice",
"People",
"Work",
"Society",
"Human",
"Human activity",
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"Human behaviour",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 36 36 12 11 4 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 27 27 6 36 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 32 32 4 29 2 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"judge"
],
"id": "en-jij-ht-noun-EOhsZRTU",
"links": [
[
"judge",
"judge"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʒiʒ/"
}
],
"word": "jij"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ijijen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tjitš",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "jij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"free-state",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ijijen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"free-state",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ujij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yejijen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"dim": "tjitš",
"pl": "ijijen"
},
"expansion": "jij m (Tifinagh spelling ⵊⵉⵊ, plural ijijen, diminutive tjitš)",
"name": "rif-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Tarifit",
"lang_code": "rif",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tarifit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "rif",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "rif:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stake"
],
"id": "en-jij-rif-noun-9Mr0~5Vz",
"links": [
[
"stake",
"stake"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"peg"
],
"id": "en-jij-rif-noun-XKG3sQRD",
"links": [
[
"peg",
"peg"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "jij"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch doublets",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch palindromes",
"Dutch personal pronouns",
"Dutch pronouns",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛi̯",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛi̯/1 syllable",
"rif:Tools"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "jy"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: jy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: jy"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brc",
"2": "ju"
},
"expansion": "Berbice Creole Dutch: ju",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Berbice Creole Dutch: ju"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-jdt",
"2": "jāi"
},
"expansion": "Jersey Dutch: jāi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jersey Dutch: jāi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "joe",
"3": "ju"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: joe, ju",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: joe, ju"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pey",
"2": "jij"
},
"expansion": "Petjo: jij",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Petjo: jij"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "ji"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ji",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "gī"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch gī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*jīz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *jīz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yū́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yū́",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "ji"
},
"expansion": "Low German ji",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ye"
},
"expansion": "English ye",
"name": "cog"
},
{
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"1": "fy",
"2": "jimme"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ihr"
},
"expansion": "German ihr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gij",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "gij",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch ji, northern form of gi, from Old Dutch gī, from Proto-Germanic *jīz, a northwest Germanic variant of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. Cognate with Low German ji, jie, English ye, West Frisian jimme, German ihr.\nUntil the earlier 20th century, jij was considered exclusively colloquial and hardly appeared in writing. The standard equivalent was the doublet gij. However, the latter’s object and possessive forms u and uw interfered with the polite pronoun u that had developed in the northern Netherlands and this could be odd-sounding e.g. in private letters. Therefore the Hollandic colloquial system (with jij, jou and jullie) came to be fully standardized after WWII. Gij has since been restricted to religious and highly formal contexts in the Netherlands, but remains common in Belgium.",
"forms": [
{
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"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-decl-personal pronouns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ik",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "'k",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "me",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "m'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "mijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "me",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "mijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "mijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "jij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jouw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "jouwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jouwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "jouws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "z'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "haar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "h'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "d'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "haar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "h'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "d'r",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hare",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "harer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "haars",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "het",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"subjective",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"subjective",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "het",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "'t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"objective",
"personal",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "z'n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"pronoun",
"singular",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "zijne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"personal",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zijns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"personal",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "wij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "we",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "onze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "onze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "ons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"form": "onzer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "onzes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"first-person",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun"
]
},
{
"form": "jullie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "je",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"stressed"
]
},
{
"form": "uwe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "u",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uwer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "uws",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"stressed",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"third-person",
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"form": "hunne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "zich",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"possessive",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"reflexive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hunner",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "huns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"genitive",
"personal",
"plural",
"predicative",
"pronoun",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "jij",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"jij"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "nl-decl-personal pronouns"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"word": "je"
},
{
"word": "jullie"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You weren't there.",
"text": "Jij was er niet.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you"
],
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(second-person singular subjective personal pronoun) you"
],
"tags": [
"personal",
"pronoun",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/jɛi̯/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-jij.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/Nl-jij.ogg/Nl-jij.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Nl-jij.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛi̯"
},
{
"ipa": "/jə/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:jij"
],
"word": "jij"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch doublets",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch palindromes",
"Dutch personal pronouns",
"Dutch pronouns",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛi̯",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛi̯/1 syllable",
"rif:Tools"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "ji"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ji",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "gī"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch gī",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*jīz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *jīz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yū́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yū́",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "ji"
},
"expansion": "Low German ji",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ye"
},
"expansion": "English ye",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "jimme"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian jimme",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ihr"
},
"expansion": "German ihr",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gij",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "gij",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch ji, northern form of gi, from Old Dutch gī, from Proto-Germanic *jīz, a northwest Germanic variant of *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́. Cognate with Low German ji, jie, English ye, West Frisian jimme, German ihr.\nUntil the earlier 20th century, jij was considered exclusively colloquial and hardly appeared in writing. The standard equivalent was the doublet gij. However, the latter’s object and possessive forms u and uw interfered with the polite pronoun u that had developed in the northern Netherlands and this could be odd-sounding e.g. in private letters. Therefore the Hollandic colloquial system (with jij, jou and jullie) came to be fully standardized after WWII. Gij has since been restricted to religious and highly formal contexts in the Netherlands, but remains common in Belgium.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "jij",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"jij"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "jijen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of jijen:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"jijen",
"jijen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "jijen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of jijen:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"jijen",
"jijen#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of jijen:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "jijen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of jijen:",
"imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"jijen",
"jijen#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/jɛi̯/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-jij.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e3/Nl-jij.ogg/Nl-jij.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Nl-jij.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛi̯"
},
{
"ipa": "/jə/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:jij"
],
"word": "jij"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"rif:Tools"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "fr",
"3": "juge",
"4": "",
"5": "judge"
},
"expansion": "French juge (“judge”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French juge (“judge”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ht",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "jij",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Haitian Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"Haitian Creole lemmas",
"Haitian Creole nouns",
"Haitian Creole palindromes",
"Haitian Creole terms derived from French",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ht:Legal occupations"
],
"glosses": [
"judge"
],
"links": [
[
"judge",
"judge"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʒiʒ/"
}
],
"word": "jij"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Tarifit entries with incorrect language header",
"Tarifit lemmas",
"Tarifit masculine nouns",
"Tarifit nouns",
"Tarifit palindromes",
"rif:Tools"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ijijen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tjitš",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lg",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "jij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"free-state",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ijijen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"free-state",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ujij",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "yejijen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"construct",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"dim": "tjitš",
"pl": "ijijen"
},
"expansion": "jij m (Tifinagh spelling ⵊⵉⵊ, plural ijijen, diminutive tjitš)",
"name": "rif-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Tarifit",
"lang_code": "rif",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stake"
],
"links": [
[
"stake",
"stake"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"peg"
],
"links": [
[
"peg",
"peg"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "jij"
}
Download raw JSONL data for jij meaning in All languages combined (25.1kB)
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"jij"
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{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
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],
"section": "Tarifit",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "jij",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.