See ruminate on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ruminator"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rūminātus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rūminātus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1533, \"to turn over in the mind,\" also \"to chew cud\" (1547), from Latin rūminātus, perfect active participle of rūminārī (“to chew the cud, turn over in the mind”), from rūmen (“the throat, gullet”), of uncertain origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruminates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminate",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruminate (third-person singular simple present ruminates, present participle ruminating, simple past and past participle ruminated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1",
"stem": "ruminat"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ruminant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumination"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ruminatory"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 43 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A camel will ruminate just as a cow will.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1861, James W[addell] Alexander, “Remarks on the Studies and Discipline of the Preacher”, in S. D. A[lexander], editor, Thoughts on Preaching: Being Contributions to Homiletics, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner, […], →OCLC, page 181:",
"text": "There is surely some point beyond which the acquisition of other men’s thoughts must not be carried. This we say for the sake of those helluones librorum, who read forever and without stint; browsing as diligently as oxen in the green herbage of rich meads, but, unlike these, never lying down to ruminate. Life is too short, Art is too long, for a human mind to make perpetual accretion of book-learning, without halt. Sufflaminandum est.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To chew cud. (Said of ruminants.) Involves regurgitating partially digested food from the rumen."
],
"id": "en-ruminate-en-verb-Cnn~uLs8",
"links": [
[
"chew",
"chew"
],
[
"cud",
"cud"
],
[
"ruminant",
"ruminant"
],
[
"regurgitating",
"regurgitate"
],
[
"digest",
"digest"
],
[
"rumen",
"rumen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To chew cud. (Said of ruminants.) Involves regurgitating partially digested food from the rumen."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ijtarra",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "اجْتَرَّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "ary",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jarr",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"tags": [
"Moroccan-Arabic"
],
"word": "جر"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "oročal",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "որոճալ"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "aroamig"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "pagula",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "পাগুলা"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "preživjam, predǎvkvam",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "преживям, предъвквам"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "preživjam",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "преживям"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "remugar"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "反芻"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "faan² co¹",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "反刍"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "to-chó",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "倒草"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "huan-chháu",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "翻草"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "反芻"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fǎnchú",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "反刍"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "přežvykovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "drøvtygge"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "tygge drøv"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "herkauwen"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "jótra"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "märehtiä"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "ruminer"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "wiederkäuen"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German"
],
"word": "beibe"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mirykázo",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "μηρυκάζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "kérődzik"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "jórtra"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "athchogain"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "ruminare"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "rūmīnō"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "tygge drøv"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "drøvtygge"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "jorte"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "ørte"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "žâvidan",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "ژاویدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "ruminar"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "rumiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "kutipakuy"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "rumega"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ževátʹ žváčku",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "жева́ть жва́чку"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "cnuasaich"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "ath-chagainn"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "sko",
"lang": "Seko Tengah",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "prežúvať"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "prežúvať"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "rumiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "idissla"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "shi",
"lang": "Tashelhit",
"roman": "faẓẓ",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "ⴼⴰⵥⵥ"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nemaruvēyu",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "నెమరువేయు"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "remygaty",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "ремиґати"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "remyhaty",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "ремигати"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "roemyî"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 9",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "cilgnoi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 12 42 14",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Thinking",
"orig": "en:Thinking",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I didn't answer right away because I needed to ruminate first.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1744, James Carson, Jemmy Carson’s collections: being a revival of his own labours and lucubrations, for thirty years past; with pieces upon different subjects, by several hands, Dublin:",
"text": "Yet do thou cherish thy Partner, whilst her innocent Eyes are gazing on the Green Garment, that covereth the Surface of her Illapidable Virginity, ruminating upon the Departure of her nearest and dearest Friend [...] In that Day, thee wilt see with the Eye of Flesh; but if thee pursues it farther, to know whether she be Lapidable, or not, thee art certainly a Tyrant: For the Hammer of thy Loins, will at length beat down the Fortress of her Porto Bello; and the Pillars of her Tabernace will be spread abroad, until thee hast plundered the City, and taken the Precious Stones away.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1848, Emanuel Swedenborg, The Philosophy of the Infinite; Outlines on a philosophical argument on the Infinite:",
"text": "In the present case, therefore, it now comes closer and closer, in thought, to the first finite; but before taking hold of it, and determining to explore it, the mind proposes, and ruminates, certain middle questions, touching the actual existence of a nexus, and the possibility there is, of discovering the nature, and quality of the nexus, which subsists between the cause, and the causate, or between the infinite, and the first finite.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1912, Tickner Edwardes, Neighbourhood: A Year's Life in and about an English Village, page 135:",
"text": "All its sweetness, its wild purity, its slow, sorrowful strength, and its sudden overtripping, overmastering joy , drifted out upon the sunshine of the meadow, the varied phrases coming turn and turn about with long intervening silences, as though the singer ruminated on all the beauty before her, and unconsciously sang her thoughts aloud.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020 April 8, David Clough, “How the West Coast wiring war was won”, in Rail, page 59:",
"text": "Meanwhile, the MoT had itself also been ruminating on options for the northern half of the route.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To meditate or reflect."
],
"id": "en-ruminate-en-verb-bruVRb3M",
"links": [
[
"meditate",
"meditate"
],
[
"reflect",
"reflect"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To meditate or reflect."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:",
"text": "What I know / Is ruminated, plotted, and set down.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “Cinyras and Myrrha”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Mad with desire, she ruminates her sin.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1801, Maria Edgeworth, “Belinda”, in Tales and Novels, volume 6, New York: Harper & Brothers, published 1835, page 65:",
"text": "\"Good-by, my dear Belinda; I leave you to ruminate sweet and bitter thoughts; to think of the last speech and confession of Lady Delacour, or, what will interest you much more, the first speech and confession of—Clarence Harvey.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To meditate or ponder over; to muse on."
],
"id": "en-ruminate-en-verb-BlbeLcUq",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To meditate or ponder over; to muse on."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹumɪneɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ruminate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/En-us-ruminate.ogg/En-us-ruminate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/En-us-ruminate.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-ruminate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/En-au-ruminate.ogg/En-au-ruminate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/En-au-ruminate.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Or Thesaurus:think"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xorhrdacel",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "խորհրդածել"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razmišljavam",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "размишлявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "přemítat"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to meditate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hloubat"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to meditate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rozebírat"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "overdenken"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "märehtiä"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "ruminer"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "grübeln"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "skéftomai",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "σκέφτομαι"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "rágódik"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "mereng"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "elmélkedik"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "whakaraupeka"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "tygge på"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "ruminar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "remoer"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "rumega (o idee)"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "cnuasaich"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to meditate",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "rumiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozdumuvaty",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "роздумувати"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 50 45",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozmirkovuvaty",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "розмірковувати"
}
],
"word": "ruminate"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rūminātus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rūminātus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1533, \"to turn over in the mind,\" also \"to chew cud\" (1547), from Latin rūminātus, perfect active participle of rūminārī (“to chew the cud, turn over in the mind”), from rūmen (“the throat, gullet”), of uncertain origin.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "ruminate (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "51 43 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 31 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 37 8 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 28 5 4",
"kind": "other",
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{
"text": "a ruminate endosperm"
}
],
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"id": "en-ruminate-en-adj-EF18Znlg",
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"en:Thinking"
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A camel will ruminate just as a cow will.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1861, James W[addell] Alexander, “Remarks on the Studies and Discipline of the Preacher”, in S. D. A[lexander], editor, Thoughts on Preaching: Being Contributions to Homiletics, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner, […], →OCLC, page 181:",
"text": "There is surely some point beyond which the acquisition of other men’s thoughts must not be carried. This we say for the sake of those helluones librorum, who read forever and without stint; browsing as diligently as oxen in the green herbage of rich meads, but, unlike these, never lying down to ruminate. Life is too short, Art is too long, for a human mind to make perpetual accretion of book-learning, without halt. Sufflaminandum est.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"To chew cud. (Said of ruminants.) Involves regurgitating partially digested food from the rumen."
],
"links": [
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"chew"
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[
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"cud"
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"ruminant"
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[
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"regurgitate"
],
[
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"digest"
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[
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"rumen"
]
],
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"(intransitive) To chew cud. (Said of ruminants.) Involves regurgitating partially digested food from the rumen."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
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"English terms with usage examples"
],
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{
"text": "I didn't answer right away because I needed to ruminate first.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1744, James Carson, Jemmy Carson’s collections: being a revival of his own labours and lucubrations, for thirty years past; with pieces upon different subjects, by several hands, Dublin:",
"text": "Yet do thou cherish thy Partner, whilst her innocent Eyes are gazing on the Green Garment, that covereth the Surface of her Illapidable Virginity, ruminating upon the Departure of her nearest and dearest Friend [...] In that Day, thee wilt see with the Eye of Flesh; but if thee pursues it farther, to know whether she be Lapidable, or not, thee art certainly a Tyrant: For the Hammer of thy Loins, will at length beat down the Fortress of her Porto Bello; and the Pillars of her Tabernace will be spread abroad, until thee hast plundered the City, and taken the Precious Stones away.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1848, Emanuel Swedenborg, The Philosophy of the Infinite; Outlines on a philosophical argument on the Infinite:",
"text": "In the present case, therefore, it now comes closer and closer, in thought, to the first finite; but before taking hold of it, and determining to explore it, the mind proposes, and ruminates, certain middle questions, touching the actual existence of a nexus, and the possibility there is, of discovering the nature, and quality of the nexus, which subsists between the cause, and the causate, or between the infinite, and the first finite.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1912, Tickner Edwardes, Neighbourhood: A Year's Life in and about an English Village, page 135:",
"text": "All its sweetness, its wild purity, its slow, sorrowful strength, and its sudden overtripping, overmastering joy , drifted out upon the sunshine of the meadow, the varied phrases coming turn and turn about with long intervening silences, as though the singer ruminated on all the beauty before her, and unconsciously sang her thoughts aloud.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020 April 8, David Clough, “How the West Coast wiring war was won”, in Rail, page 59:",
"text": "Meanwhile, the MoT had itself also been ruminating on options for the northern half of the route.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To meditate or reflect."
],
"links": [
[
"meditate",
"meditate"
],
[
"reflect",
"reflect"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To meditate or reflect."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:",
"text": "What I know / Is ruminated, plotted, and set down.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “Cinyras and Myrrha”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Mad with desire, she ruminates her sin.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1801, Maria Edgeworth, “Belinda”, in Tales and Novels, volume 6, New York: Harper & Brothers, published 1835, page 65:",
"text": "\"Good-by, my dear Belinda; I leave you to ruminate sweet and bitter thoughts; to think of the last speech and confession of Lady Delacour, or, what will interest you much more, the first speech and confession of—Clarence Harvey.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To meditate or ponder over; to muse on."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To meditate or ponder over; to muse on."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹumɪneɪt/"
},
{
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"synonyms": [
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"word": "Or Thesaurus:think"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ijtarra",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "اجْتَرَّ"
},
{
"code": "ary",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "jarr",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"tags": [
"Moroccan-Arabic"
],
"word": "جر"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "oročal",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "որոճալ"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "aroamig"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "pagula",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "পাগুলা"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "preživjam, predǎvkvam",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "преживям, предъвквам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "preživjam",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "преживям"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "remugar"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "反芻"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "faan² co¹",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "反刍"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "to-chó",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "倒草"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "huan-chháu",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "翻草"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "反芻"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fǎnchú",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "反刍"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "přežvykovat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "drøvtygge"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "tygge drøv"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "herkauwen"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "jótra"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "märehtiä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "ruminer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "wiederkäuen"
},
{
"code": "gsw",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German"
],
"word": "beibe"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mirykázo",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "μηρυκάζω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "kérődzik"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "jórtra"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "athchogain"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "ruminare"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "rūmīnō"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "tygge drøv"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "drøvtygge"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "jorte"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "ørte"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "žâvidan",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "ژاویدن"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "ruminar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "rumiar"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "kutipakuy"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "rumega"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ževátʹ žváčku",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "жева́ть жва́чку"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "cnuasaich"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "ath-chagainn"
},
{
"code": "sko",
"lang": "Seko Tengah",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "prežúvať"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "prežúvať"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "rumiar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "idissla"
},
{
"code": "shi",
"lang": "Tashelhit",
"roman": "faẓẓ",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "ⴼⴰⵥⵥ"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nemaruvēyu",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "నెమరువేయు"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "remygaty",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "ремиґати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "remyhaty",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "ремигати"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "roemyî"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to chew cud",
"word": "cilgnoi"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xorhrdacel",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "խորհրդածել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razmišljavam",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "размишлявам"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "přemítat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to meditate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "hloubat"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to meditate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "rozebírat"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "overdenken"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "märehtiä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "ruminer"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "grübeln"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "skéftomai",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "σκέφτομαι"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "rágódik"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "mereng"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "elmélkedik"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "whakaraupeka"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "tygge på"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "ruminar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "remoer"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "rumega (o idee)"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "cnuasaich"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to meditate",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "rumiar"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozdumuvaty",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "роздумувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "rozmirkovuvaty",
"sense": "to meditate",
"word": "розмірковувати"
}
],
"word": "ruminate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English undefined derivations",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Seko Tengah terms in nonstandard scripts",
"Terms with Alemannic German translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Assamese translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hakka translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Seko Tengah translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tashelhit translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Thinking"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "rūminātus"
},
"expansion": "Latin rūminātus",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1533, \"to turn over in the mind,\" also \"to chew cud\" (1547), from Latin rūminātus, perfect active participle of rūminārī (“to chew the cud, turn over in the mind”), from rūmen (“the throat, gullet”), of uncertain origin.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "ruminate (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "chew the cud"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a ruminate endosperm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having a hard albumen penetrated by irregular channels filled with softer matter, as the nutmeg and the seeds of the North American papaw."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Having a hard albumen penetrated by irregular channels filled with softer matter, as the nutmeg and the seeds of the North American papaw."
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹumɪneɪt/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-ruminate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/db/En-us-ruminate.ogg/En-us-ruminate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/En-us-ruminate.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-ruminate.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3b/En-au-ruminate.ogg/En-au-ruminate.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/En-au-ruminate.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ruminate"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian past participle forms",
"Italian verb forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ruminate",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruminare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of ruminare:",
"second-person plural present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"ruminare",
"ruminare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruminare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of ruminare:",
"second-person plural imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"ruminare",
"ruminare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"word": "ruminate"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian past participle forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "past participle form",
"g": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "ruminate f pl",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "ruminato"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feminine plural of ruminato"
],
"links": [
[
"ruminato",
"ruminato#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"participle",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "ruminate"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūmināte",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "participle form",
"head": "rūmināte"
},
"expansion": "rūmināte",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin participle forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūminātus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"vocative masculine singular of rūminātus"
],
"links": [
[
"rūminātus",
"ruminatus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "ruminate"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ruminate meaning in All languages combined (21.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.