See ruma on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ruma ankanpoikanen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumahko"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumannäköinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumanvärinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumapiirteinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumasointinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumasti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumaääninen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumeliini"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumentaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumeta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumilus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumistaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "susiruma"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*ruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ruma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "gmq"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "rumal",
"t": "stupid"
},
"expansion": "Estonian rumal (“stupid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "ruma",
"t": "ugly"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian ruma (“ugly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "rumāli",
"t": "dirty"
},
"expansion": "Livonian rumāli (“dirty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Livvi ruma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "ruma",
"t": "ugly; coarse"
},
"expansion": "Veps ruma (“ugly; coarse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Votic ruma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "ropmi"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami ropmi",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *ruma, possibly a North Germanic borrowing. Cognates include Estonian rumal (“stupid”), Ingrian ruma (“ugly”), Livonian rumāli (“dirty”), Livvi ruma, Veps ruma (“ugly; coarse”) and Votic ruma. The Finnic word has been borrowed into Sami; compare Northern Sami ropmi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rumempi",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumin",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumien",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumatta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumitta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumieni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumakseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumineni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumienne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumainne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumianne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumananne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumainsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiinsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumakseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumikseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumineen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rum",
"2": "empi",
"3": "in"
},
"expansion": "ruma (comparative rumempi, superlative rumin)",
"name": "fi-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rum",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "a",
"pos": "adj"
},
"name": "fi-decl-koira"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "kaunis"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ugly (displeasing to the eye or ear)"
],
"id": "en-ruma-fi-adj-O47Szt4d",
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "epäesteettinen"
},
{
"word": "pahannäköinen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 44 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish koira-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He played a dirty trick on us.",
"text": "Hän teki meille ruman tempun.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ugly, dirty (offensive to one's sensibilities or morality)"
],
"id": "en-ruma-fi-adj-USzrD~At",
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "moraaliton"
},
{
"word": "ikävä"
},
{
"word": "ilkeä"
},
{
"word": "kelju"
},
{
"word": "kurja"
},
{
"word": "paha"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 35 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 44 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish koira-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "dirty word",
"text": "ruma sana",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dirty (of a word or language in general: something considered vulgar)"
],
"id": "en-ruma-fi-adj-DwWGwkkS",
"links": [
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrumɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrumɑ̝]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umɑ"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūma",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "rūma"
},
"expansion": "rūma",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "rūma"
},
"expansion": "rūma",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with tab characters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 2 13 11 1 0 11 1 1 1 0 1 0 11 0 0 1 11 2 12 13 1 1 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 2 13 12 1 0 11 1 1 1 0 1 0 12 0 0 1 10 2 12 13 1 1 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with tab characters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
],
"id": "en-ruma-got-romanization-EP-AddVk",
"links": [
[
"𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰",
"𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ho",
"2": "poz-oce-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ho",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ho",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ho",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hiri Motu",
"lang_code": "ho",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hiri Motu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with tab characters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 2 13 11 1 0 11 1 1 1 0 1 0 11 0 0 1 11 2 12 13 1 1 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 2 13 12 1 0 11 1 1 1 0 1 0 12 0 0 1 10 2 12 13 1 1 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with tab characters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"house (abode)"
],
"id": "en-ruma-ho-noun-gYK9Hlj1",
"links": [
[
"house",
"house"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*ruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ruma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish ruma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Veps ruma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *ruma. Cognates include Finnish ruma and Veps ruma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-decl/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "3/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rummiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rummaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rummia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rummaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rummii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rummaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rummiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumant",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧ma"
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ugly"
],
"id": "en-ruma-izh-noun-ct4nWsC0",
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad, poor (of low quality)"
],
"id": "en-ruma-izh-noun-1LkkzIJD",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "4 96",
"sense": "low-quality",
"word": "prostoi"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrumɑ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrumɑ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrumɑ/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrumɑ]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-umɑ"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "kũruma",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ki",
"2": "verb",
"3": "infinitive",
"4": "kũruma"
},
"expansion": "ruma (infinitive kũruma)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"lang_code": "ki",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kikuyu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with tab characters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 2 13 11 1 0 11 1 1 1 0 1 0 11 0 0 1 11 2 12 13 1 1 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 2 13 12 1 0 11 1 1 1 0 1 0 12 0 0 1 10 2 12 13 1 1 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with tab characters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kĩonje kĩrumaga mũhiũhia"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to curse, to abuse"
],
"id": "en-ruma-ki-verb-Rf3vIL5h",
"links": [
[
"curse",
"curse"
],
[
"abuse",
"abuse"
]
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"class-7"
],
"word": "kĩrumi"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɾuma/"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "unc",
"id": "udder",
"title": "rū̆ma"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett",
"3": "𐌓𐌖𐌌"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibly from Etruscan 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rū̆ma",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆ma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆ma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mis",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rū̆ma<1>"
},
"expansion": "rū̆ma f (genitive rū̆mae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rū̆ma<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "la:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "22 31 30 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 27 29 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 27 26 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "irrumō"
},
{
"word": "rū̆migō"
},
{
"word": "Rū̆mī̆na"
},
{
"word": "Rū̆mī̆nus"
},
{
"word": "subrū̆mō"
},
{
"word": "subrū̆mus"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Logistorici 7.2, (as cited by Nonius)",
"text": "Ruminae propter rumam, id est prisco vocabulo mammam"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 2nd century, Sextus Pompeius Festus, De Verborum Significatione 266",
"text": "Romulum quidam a fico Ruminali, ali quod lupae ruma nutritus est, appellatum esse ineptissime dixerunt."
},
{
"english": "1963 translation by William M. Green\nThe pagans have called Jupiter by the titles Victor, Invictus, Opitulus, Impulsor, Stator, Centumpeda, Supinalis, Tigillus, Almus, Ruminus, and still others which it would be tedious to enumerate. They have applied all these names to one god for various reasons and because of his various powers. But they have not, though there are so many functions, compelled him to become as many different gods. The functions are that he is victor over all, and invincible, and brings help to the needy, and has the power of impelling, of causing to stand, of stabilizing, and of laying flat; because he maintains and sustains the world like a beam; because he nourishes all things, and nourishes all animals by the breast (ruma).",
"ref": "Augustine of Hippo, De Civitate Dei 7.11",
"text": "Dixerunt eum Victorem, Inuictum, Opitulum, Inpulsorem, Statorem, Centumpedam, Supinalem, Tigillum, Almum, Ruminum et alia quae persequi longum est. Haec autem cognomina inposuerunt uni deo propter causas potestatesque diuersas, non tamen propter tot res etiam tot deos eum esse coegerunt: quod omnia uinceret, quod a nemine uinceretur, quod opem indigentibus ferret, quod haberet inpellendi, statuendi, stabiliendi, resupinandi potestatem, quod tamquam tigillus mundum contineret ac sustineret, quod aleret omnia, quod ruma, id est mamma, aleret animalia."
}
],
"glosses": [
"udder, teat, breast"
],
"id": "en-ruma-la-noun--IL2gz9y",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"udder",
"udder"
],
[
"teat",
"teat"
],
[
"breast",
"breast"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) udder, teat, breast"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ūber"
},
{
"word": "sūmen"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrʊmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ma/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːmä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "from",
"3": "rūmen>throat",
"id": "throat",
"text": "+",
"title": "rū̆ma"
},
"expansion": "From rūmen.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rūmen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūma",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mis",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūma<1>"
},
"expansion": "rūma f (genitive rūmae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūma<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "la:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "22 31 30 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 27 29 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 27 26 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "Maurus Servius Honoratus, In Vergilii Aeneidos Libros 8.90.9",
"text": "Quamvis ficum ruminalem alii a Romulo velint dictam, quasi Romularem, alii a lacte infantibus dato: nam pars gutturis ruma dicitur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"throat, gullet"
],
"id": "en-ruma-la-noun-Pjfi03sh",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"throat",
"throat"
],
[
"gullet",
"gullet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) throat, gullet"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "la:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "22 31 30 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 27 29 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 27 26 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rumen"
],
"id": "en-ruma-la-noun-rCvbwqHt",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"rumen",
"rumen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) rumen"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rūmen"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 31 30 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 27 29 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 27 26 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stomach, abdomen"
],
"id": "en-ruma-la-noun-2x75v7QG",
"links": [
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
],
[
"abdomen",
"abdomen"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "venter"
},
{
"word": "pantex"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrʊmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ma/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːmä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "67 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rum:",
"genitive singular"
],
"id": "en-ruma-dsb-noun-O-NZNqFn",
"links": [
[
"rum",
"rum#Lower_Sorbian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rum:",
"nominative/accusative dual"
],
"id": "en-ruma-dsb-noun-3LN0O6Aq",
"links": [
[
"rum",
"rum#Lower_Sorbian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"form-of",
"nominative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruma/"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wiv",
"2": "poz-oce-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wiv",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wiv",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wiv",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Muduapa",
"lang_code": "wiv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Muduapa entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with tab characters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 2 13 11 1 0 11 1 1 1 0 1 0 11 0 0 1 11 2 12 13 1 1 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 2 13 12 1 0 11 1 1 1 0 1 0 12 0 0 1 10 2 12 13 1 1 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with tab characters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"house (abode)"
],
"id": "en-ruma-wiv-noun-gYK9Hlj1",
"links": [
[
"house",
"house"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūma",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "rūma"
},
"expansion": "rūma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rūm:",
"strong nominative/accusative feminine plural"
],
"id": "en-ruma-ang-adj-efcCiQo~",
"links": [
[
"rūm",
"rum#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rūm:",
"weak nominative masculine singular"
],
"id": "en-ruma-ang-adj-xcBDTBLH",
"links": [
[
"rūm",
"rum#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.mɑ/"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūma",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "rūma"
},
"expansion": "rūma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 29 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of rūm"
],
"id": "en-ruma-ang-noun-xLdLjuDb",
"links": [
[
"rūm",
"rum#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.mɑ/"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 3 2 13 11 1 0 11 1 1 1 0 1 0 11 0 0 1 11 2 12 13 1 1 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 2 12 11 1 0 10 1 1 1 0 1 0 11 0 0 1 16 1 1 0 0 0 11 12 1 0 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rumar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-ruma-pt-verb-5qTXkaJT",
"links": [
[
"rumar",
"rumar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rumar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-ruma-pt-verb-kv3G5jIo",
"links": [
[
"rumar",
"rumar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pyu",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pyu",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Puyuma",
"lang_code": "pyu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with tab characters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Puyuma entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 2 13 11 1 0 11 1 1 1 0 1 0 11 0 0 1 11 2 12 13 1 1 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 2 13 12 1 0 11 1 1 1 0 1 0 12 0 0 1 10 2 12 13 1 1 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with tab characters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The door of our house is to the east.",
"text": "naniyam ruma piyalaudr tu pitaun.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"house; home"
],
"id": "en-ruma-pyu-noun-1B4DzN8F",
"links": [
[
"house",
"house"
],
[
"home",
"home"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ve",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Venda",
"lang_code": "ve",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with tab characters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Venda entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 2 13 11 1 0 11 1 1 1 0 1 0 11 0 0 1 11 2 12 13 1 1 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 14 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 2 13 12 1 0 11 1 1 1 0 1 0 12 0 0 1 10 2 12 13 1 1 0 0 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with tab characters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to send"
],
"id": "en-ruma-ve-verb-EESy16pI",
"links": [
[
"send",
"send"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*ruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ruma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "gmq"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish ruma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *ruma, possibly a North Germanic borrowing. Cognates include Finnish ruma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vep-decl-kuva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive-instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive-instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumikš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaspäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumišpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumihe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumale",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidenke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumadme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"prolative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-i",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidenno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-i",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumannoks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidennoks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-ii",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumannopäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidennopäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahasai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rumihesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-iii"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-iii"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahapäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-i",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumihepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-i",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-ii",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "adjectives",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "kaikiš",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "vep-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruma"
},
"name": "vep-decl-kuva"
}
],
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ugly"
],
"id": "en-ruma-vep-adj-ct4nWsC0",
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Veps entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Veps kuva-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coarse, rough"
],
"id": "en-ruma-vep-adj-dvL82KAP",
"links": [
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*ruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ruma",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *ruma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vot-decl/poikõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "V/poikõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumijõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiitõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rummasõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiisõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiissõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiilõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiillõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiiltõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiissi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧ma"
],
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"plain, bare"
],
"id": "en-ruma-vot-adj-jMeV7dsJ",
"links": [
[
"plain",
"plain"
],
[
"bare",
"bare"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rough"
],
"id": "en-ruma-vot-adj--BHrXFbu",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bad, poor"
],
"id": "en-ruma-vot-adj-2laUo7H9",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Votic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Votic poikõ-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ugly"
],
"id": "en-ruma-vot-adj-ct4nWsC0",
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrumɑ/",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrumɑ]",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umɑ"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Veps: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Votic: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "ropmi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Sami: ropmi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Sami: ropmi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "rumal"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: rumal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: rumal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "rumāli",
"3": "rumal<q:Salaca>",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Livonian: rumāli, (Salaca) rumal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Livonian: rumāli, (Salaca) rumal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "rummal'"
},
"expansion": "Võro: rummal'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: rummal'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "rumalõ",
"q1": "Jõgõperä"
},
"expansion": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) rumalõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) rumalõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "rumulēt",
"3": "rumelēt",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: rumulēt, rumelēt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: rumulēt, rumelēt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"tr": "*hruma-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hruma-)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrumur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hrumur",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably borrowed from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hruma-) (whence Icelandic hrumur).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruma"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/ruma",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "61 0 39 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 3 44 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 1 45 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ugly"
],
"id": "en-ruma-urj-fin-pro-adj-ct4nWsC0",
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bad, mean"
],
"id": "en-ruma-urj-fin-pro-adj-ltk~2IwC",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 3 44 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 1 45 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"greedy"
],
"id": "en-ruma-urj-fin-pro-adj-NwrtaX3F",
"links": [
[
"greedy",
"greedy"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stupid"
],
"id": "en-ruma-urj-fin-pro-adj-wtIUpITp",
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Finnish 2-syllable words",
"Finnish adjectives",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish koira-type nominals",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish terms derived from North Germanic languages",
"Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters",
"Rhymes:Finnish/umɑ",
"Rhymes:Finnish/umɑ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ruma ankanpoikanen"
},
{
"word": "rumahko"
},
{
"word": "rumannäköinen"
},
{
"word": "rumanvärinen"
},
{
"word": "rumapiirteinen"
},
{
"word": "rumasointinen"
},
{
"word": "rumasti"
},
{
"word": "rumaääninen"
},
{
"word": "rumeliini"
},
{
"word": "rumentaa"
},
{
"word": "rumeta"
},
{
"word": "rumilus"
},
{
"word": "rumistaa"
},
{
"word": "rumuus"
},
{
"word": "susiruma"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*ruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ruma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "gmq"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "rumal",
"t": "stupid"
},
"expansion": "Estonian rumal (“stupid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "ruma",
"t": "ugly"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian ruma (“ugly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "rumāli",
"t": "dirty"
},
"expansion": "Livonian rumāli (“dirty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Livvi ruma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "ruma",
"t": "ugly; coarse"
},
"expansion": "Veps ruma (“ugly; coarse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Votic ruma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "ropmi"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami ropmi",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *ruma, possibly a North Germanic borrowing. Cognates include Estonian rumal (“stupid”), Ingrian ruma (“ugly”), Livonian rumāli (“dirty”), Livvi ruma, Veps ruma (“ugly; coarse”) and Votic ruma. The Finnic word has been borrowed into Sami; compare Northern Sami ropmi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rumempi",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumin",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumien",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumatta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumitta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumieni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumakseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumineni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumienne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumainne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumianne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumananne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumainsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiinsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumakseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumikseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumineen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rum",
"2": "empi",
"3": "in"
},
"expansion": "ruma (comparative rumempi, superlative rumin)",
"name": "fi-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rum",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "a",
"pos": "adj"
},
"name": "fi-decl-koira"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "kaunis"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ugly (displeasing to the eye or ear)"
],
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "epäesteettinen"
},
{
"word": "pahannäköinen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He played a dirty trick on us.",
"text": "Hän teki meille ruman tempun.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ugly, dirty (offensive to one's sensibilities or morality)"
],
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "moraaliton"
},
{
"word": "ikävä"
},
{
"word": "ilkeä"
},
{
"word": "kelju"
},
{
"word": "kurja"
},
{
"word": "paha"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "dirty word",
"text": "ruma sana",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dirty (of a word or language in general: something considered vulgar)"
],
"links": [
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrumɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrumɑ̝]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umɑ"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūma",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "rūma"
},
"expansion": "rūma",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "rūma"
},
"expansion": "rūma",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
}
],
"categories": [
"Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"Gothic non-lemma forms",
"Gothic romanizations",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters"
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
],
"links": [
[
"𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰",
"𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ho",
"2": "poz-oce-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ho",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ho",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ho",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hiri Motu",
"lang_code": "ho",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hiri Motu entries with incorrect language header",
"Hiri Motu lemmas",
"Hiri Motu nouns",
"Hiri Motu terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Hiri Motu terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Hiri Motu terms derived from Proto-Oceanic",
"Hiri Motu terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Hiri Motu terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Hiri Motu terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters",
"Proto-Oceanic term requests"
],
"glosses": [
"house (abode)"
],
"links": [
[
"house",
"house"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian nouns",
"Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/umɑ",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/umɑ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*ruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ruma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish ruma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Veps ruma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *ruma. Cognates include Finnish ruma and Veps ruma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-decl/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "3/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rummiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rummaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rummia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rummaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rummii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rummaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rummiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumant",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧ma"
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ugly"
],
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bad, poor (of low quality)"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrumɑ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrumɑ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrumɑ/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrumɑ]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-umɑ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "low-quality",
"word": "prostoi"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kĩonje kĩrumaga mũhiũhia"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "kũruma",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ki",
"2": "verb",
"3": "infinitive",
"4": "kũruma"
},
"expansion": "ruma (infinitive kũruma)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"lang_code": "ki",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"class-7"
],
"word": "kĩrumi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kikuyu entries with incorrect language header",
"Kikuyu lemmas",
"Kikuyu verbs",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters"
],
"glosses": [
"to curse, to abuse"
],
"links": [
[
"curse",
"curse"
],
[
"abuse",
"abuse"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɾuma/"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymology texts",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin terms borrowed from Etruscan",
"Latin terms derived from Etruscan",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "irrumō"
},
{
"word": "rū̆migō"
},
{
"word": "Rū̆mī̆na"
},
{
"word": "Rū̆mī̆nus"
},
{
"word": "subrū̆mō"
},
{
"word": "subrū̆mus"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "unc",
"id": "udder",
"title": "rū̆ma"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett",
"3": "𐌓𐌖𐌌"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibly from Etruscan 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rū̆ma",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆ma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆ma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mis",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rū̆ma<1>"
},
"expansion": "rū̆ma f (genitive rū̆mae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rū̆ma<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations",
"la:Anatomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Logistorici 7.2, (as cited by Nonius)",
"text": "Ruminae propter rumam, id est prisco vocabulo mammam"
},
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "c. 2nd century, Sextus Pompeius Festus, De Verborum Significatione 266",
"text": "Romulum quidam a fico Ruminali, ali quod lupae ruma nutritus est, appellatum esse ineptissime dixerunt."
},
{
"english": "1963 translation by William M. Green\nThe pagans have called Jupiter by the titles Victor, Invictus, Opitulus, Impulsor, Stator, Centumpeda, Supinalis, Tigillus, Almus, Ruminus, and still others which it would be tedious to enumerate. They have applied all these names to one god for various reasons and because of his various powers. But they have not, though there are so many functions, compelled him to become as many different gods. The functions are that he is victor over all, and invincible, and brings help to the needy, and has the power of impelling, of causing to stand, of stabilizing, and of laying flat; because he maintains and sustains the world like a beam; because he nourishes all things, and nourishes all animals by the breast (ruma).",
"ref": "Augustine of Hippo, De Civitate Dei 7.11",
"text": "Dixerunt eum Victorem, Inuictum, Opitulum, Inpulsorem, Statorem, Centumpedam, Supinalem, Tigillum, Almum, Ruminum et alia quae persequi longum est. Haec autem cognomina inposuerunt uni deo propter causas potestatesque diuersas, non tamen propter tot res etiam tot deos eum esse coegerunt: quod omnia uinceret, quod a nemine uinceretur, quod opem indigentibus ferret, quod haberet inpellendi, statuendi, stabiliendi, resupinandi potestatem, quod tamquam tigillus mundum contineret ac sustineret, quod aleret omnia, quod ruma, id est mamma, aleret animalia."
}
],
"glosses": [
"udder, teat, breast"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"udder",
"udder"
],
[
"teat",
"teat"
],
[
"breast",
"breast"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) udder, teat, breast"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ūber"
},
{
"word": "sūmen"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrʊmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ma/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːmä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymology texts",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "from",
"3": "rūmen>throat",
"id": "throat",
"text": "+",
"title": "rū̆ma"
},
"expansion": "From rūmen.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From rūmen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūma",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mis",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūma<1>"
},
"expansion": "rūma f (genitive rūmae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūma<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations",
"la:Anatomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "Maurus Servius Honoratus, In Vergilii Aeneidos Libros 8.90.9",
"text": "Quamvis ficum ruminalem alii a Romulo velint dictam, quasi Romularem, alii a lacte infantibus dato: nam pars gutturis ruma dicitur."
}
],
"glosses": [
"throat, gullet"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"throat",
"throat"
],
[
"gullet",
"gullet"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) throat, gullet"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"la:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"rumen"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"rumen",
"rumen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) rumen"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rūmen"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stomach, abdomen"
],
"links": [
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
],
[
"abdomen",
"abdomen"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "venter"
},
{
"word": "pantex"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrʊmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ma/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːmä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lower Sorbian non-lemma forms",
"Lower Sorbian noun forms",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rum:",
"genitive singular"
],
"links": [
[
"rum",
"rum#Lower_Sorbian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rum:",
"nominative/accusative dual"
],
"links": [
[
"rum",
"rum#Lower_Sorbian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"form-of",
"nominative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruma/"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wiv",
"2": "poz-oce-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wiv",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wiv",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wiv",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Muduapa",
"lang_code": "wiv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Muduapa entries with incorrect language header",
"Muduapa lemmas",
"Muduapa nouns",
"Muduapa terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Muduapa terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Muduapa terms derived from Proto-Oceanic",
"Muduapa terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Muduapa terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Muduapa terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters",
"Proto-Oceanic term requests"
],
"glosses": [
"house (abode)"
],
"links": [
[
"house",
"house"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English adjective forms",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English noun forms",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūma",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "adjective form",
"head": "rūma"
},
"expansion": "rūma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rūm:",
"strong nominative/accusative feminine plural"
],
"links": [
[
"rūm",
"rum#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rūm:",
"weak nominative masculine singular"
],
"links": [
[
"rūm",
"rum#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.mɑ/"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English adjective forms",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English noun forms",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūma",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "rūma"
},
"expansion": "rūma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūm"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive plural of rūm"
],
"links": [
[
"rūm",
"rum#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.mɑ/"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rumar:",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"rumar",
"rumar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rumar:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"rumar",
"rumar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic adjectives",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"Proto-Finnic terms borrowed from Proto-Norse",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Norse",
"Requests for native script for Proto-Norse terms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Veps: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Votic: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "ropmi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Sami: ropmi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Sami: ropmi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "rumal"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: rumal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: rumal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "rumāli",
"3": "rumal<q:Salaca>",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Livonian: rumāli, (Salaca) rumal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Livonian: rumāli, (Salaca) rumal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "rummal'"
},
"expansion": "Võro: rummal'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: rummal'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "rumalõ",
"q1": "Jõgõperä"
},
"expansion": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) rumalõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) rumalõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "rumulēt",
"3": "rumelēt",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: rumulēt, rumelēt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: rumulēt, rumelēt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"tr": "*hruma-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hruma-)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrumur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hrumur",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably borrowed from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hruma-) (whence Icelandic hrumur).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruma"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/ruma",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ugly"
],
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bad, mean"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"greedy"
],
"links": [
[
"greedy",
"greedy"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stupid"
],
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pyu",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pyu",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Puyuma",
"lang_code": "pyu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters",
"Puyuma entries with incorrect language header",
"Puyuma lemmas",
"Puyuma nouns",
"Puyuma terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Puyuma terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Puyuma terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The door of our house is to the east.",
"text": "naniyam ruma piyalaudr tu pitaun.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"house; home"
],
"links": [
[
"house",
"house"
],
[
"home",
"home"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ve",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Venda",
"lang_code": "ve",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters",
"Venda entries with incorrect language header",
"Venda lemmas",
"Venda verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to send"
],
"links": [
[
"send",
"send"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters",
"Veps adjectives",
"Veps entries with incorrect language header",
"Veps kuva-type nominals",
"Veps lemmas",
"Veps terms derived from North Germanic languages",
"Veps terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Veps terms inherited from Proto-Finnic"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*ruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ruma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "gmq"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish ruma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *ruma, possibly a North Germanic borrowing. Cognates include Finnish ruma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vep-decl-kuva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive-instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive-instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumikš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaspäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumišpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumihe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumale",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidenke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumadme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"prolative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-i",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidenno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-i",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumannoks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidennoks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-ii",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumannopäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidennopäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahasai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rumihesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-iii"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-iii"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahapäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-i",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumihepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-i",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-ii",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "adjectives",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "kaikiš",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "vep-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruma"
},
"name": "vep-decl-kuva"
}
],
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ugly"
],
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"coarse, rough"
],
"links": [
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 14 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with tab characters",
"Rhymes:Votic/umɑ",
"Rhymes:Votic/umɑ/2 syllables",
"Votic adjectives",
"Votic entries with incorrect language header",
"Votic lemmas",
"Votic poikõ-type nominals",
"Votic terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Votic terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Votic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*ruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ruma",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *ruma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vot-decl/poikõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "V/poikõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumijõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiitõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rummasõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiisõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiissõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiilõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiillõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiiltõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiissi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧ma"
],
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"plain, bare"
],
"links": [
[
"plain",
"plain"
],
[
"bare",
"bare"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rough"
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bad, poor"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ugly"
],
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrumɑ/",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrumɑ]",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umɑ"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ruma meaning in All languages combined (57.7kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Votic]; cleaned text: ^(*)) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^(**)) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ^(***)) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive., style: //vot-decl-notes//NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"ruma"
],
"section": "Votic",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ruma",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.