See ruma on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ruma meaning in All languages combined (53.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ruma ankanpoikanen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumahko"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumannäköinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumanvärinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumapiirteinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumasointinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumasti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumaääninen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumeliini"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumentaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumeta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumilus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumistaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rumuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "susiruma"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*ruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ruma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "gmq"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "rumal",
"t": "stupid"
},
"expansion": "Estonian rumal (“stupid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "ruma",
"t": "ugly"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian ruma (“ugly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "rumāli",
"t": "dirty"
},
"expansion": "Livonian rumāli (“dirty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Livvi ruma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "ruma",
"t": "ugly; coarse"
},
"expansion": "Veps ruma (“ugly; coarse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Votic ruma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "ropmi"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami ropmi",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *ruma, possibly a North Germanic borrowing. Cognates include Estonian rumal (“stupid”), Ingrian ruma (“ugly”), Livonian rumāli (“dirty”), Livvi ruma, Veps ruma (“ugly; coarse”) and Votic ruma. The Finnic word has been borrowed into Sami; compare Northern Sami ropmi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rumempi",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumin",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumien",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumatta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumitta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumieni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumakseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumineni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumienne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumainne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumianne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumananne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumainsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiinsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumakseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumikseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumineen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rum",
"2": "empi",
"3": "in"
},
"expansion": "ruma (comparative rumempi, superlative rumin)",
"name": "fi-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rum",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "a",
"pos": "adj"
},
"name": "fi-decl-koira"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "kaunis"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 40 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish koira-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ugly (displeasing to the eye or ear)"
],
"id": "en-ruma-fi-adj-O47Szt4d",
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "epäesteettinen"
},
{
"word": "pahannäköinen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 40 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish koira-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He played a dirty trick on us.",
"text": "Hän teki meille ruman tempun.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ugly, dirty (offensive to one's sensibilities or morality)"
],
"id": "en-ruma-fi-adj-USzrD~At",
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "moraaliton"
},
{
"word": "ikävä"
},
{
"word": "ilkeä"
},
{
"word": "kelju"
},
{
"word": "kurja"
},
{
"word": "paha"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 34 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 40 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish koira-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "dirty word",
"text": "ruma sana",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dirty (of a word or language in general: something considered vulgar)"
],
"id": "en-ruma-fi-adj-DwWGwkkS",
"links": [
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrumɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrumɑ̝]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umɑ"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūma",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "rūma"
},
"expansion": "rūma",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "rūma"
},
"expansion": "rūma",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Gothic romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
],
"id": "en-ruma-got-romanization-EP-AddVk",
"links": [
[
"𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰",
"𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ho",
"2": "poz-oce-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ho",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ho",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ho",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hiri Motu",
"lang_code": "ho",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hiri Motu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"house (abode)"
],
"id": "en-ruma-ho-noun-gYK9Hlj1",
"links": [
[
"house",
"house"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*ruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ruma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish ruma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Veps ruma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *ruma. Cognates include Finnish ruma and Veps ruma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-decl/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "3/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rummiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rummaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rummia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rummaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rummii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rummaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rummiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumant",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧ma"
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ugly"
],
"id": "en-ruma-izh-noun-ct4nWsC0",
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad, poor (of low quality)"
],
"id": "en-ruma-izh-noun-1LkkzIJD",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "7 93",
"sense": "low-quality",
"word": "prostoi"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrumɑ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrumɑ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrumɑ/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrumɑ]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-umɑ"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "kũruma",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ki",
"2": "verb",
"3": "infinitive",
"4": "kũruma"
},
"expansion": "ruma (infinitive kũruma)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"lang_code": "ki",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kikuyu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kĩonje kĩrumaga mũhiũhia"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to curse, to abuse"
],
"id": "en-ruma-ki-verb-Rf3vIL5h",
"links": [
[
"curse",
"curse"
],
[
"abuse",
"abuse"
]
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"class-7"
],
"word": "kĩrumi"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɾuma/"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan [Term?]",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibly from Etruscan [Term?].",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rū̆ma",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆ma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆ma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rū̆ma<1>"
},
"expansion": "rū̆ma f (genitive rū̆mae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rū̆ma<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "la:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "31 37 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "irrumō"
},
{
"word": "rū̆migō"
},
{
"word": "Rū̆mī̆na"
},
{
"word": "Rū̆mī̆nus"
},
{
"word": "subrū̆mō"
},
{
"word": "subrū̆mus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"udder, teat"
],
"id": "en-ruma-la-noun-wXJS0odT",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"udder",
"udder"
],
[
"teat",
"teat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) udder, teat"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ūber"
},
{
"word": "sūmen"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrʊmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ma/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːmä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rū̆mis"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rūmen"
},
"expansion": "rūmen",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The same as rūmen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūma",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūma<1>"
},
"expansion": "rūma f (genitive rūmae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūma<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "la:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 77 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 37 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rumen"
],
"id": "en-ruma-la-noun-rCvbwqHt",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"rumen",
"rumen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) rumen"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rūmen"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 37 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stomach, abdomen"
],
"id": "en-ruma-la-noun-2x75v7QG",
"links": [
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
],
[
"abdomen",
"abdomen"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "venter"
},
{
"word": "pantex"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrʊmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ma/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːmä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rū̆mis"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rum:",
"genitive singular"
],
"id": "en-ruma-dsb-noun-O-NZNqFn",
"links": [
[
"rum",
"rum#Lower Sorbian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of rum:",
"nominative/accusative dual"
],
"id": "en-ruma-dsb-noun-3LN0O6Aq",
"links": [
[
"rum",
"rum#Lower Sorbian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"form-of",
"nominative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruma/"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wiv",
"2": "poz-oce-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wiv",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wiv",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wiv",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Muduapa",
"lang_code": "wiv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Muduapa entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"house (abode)"
],
"id": "en-ruma-wiv-noun-gYK9Hlj1",
"links": [
[
"house",
"house"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rumar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-ruma-pt-verb-eTI1FQjO",
"links": [
[
"rumar",
"rumar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of rumar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rumar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-ruma-pt-verb-HuzpWckZ",
"links": [
[
"rumar",
"rumar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of rumar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pyu",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pyu",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Puyuma",
"lang_code": "pyu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Puyuma entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The door of our house is to the east.",
"text": "naniyam ruma piyalaudr tu pitaun.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"house; home"
],
"id": "en-ruma-pyu-noun-1B4DzN8F",
"links": [
[
"house",
"house"
],
[
"home",
"home"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ve",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Venda",
"lang_code": "ve",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Venda entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to send"
],
"id": "en-ruma-ve-verb-EESy16pI",
"links": [
[
"send",
"send"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*ruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ruma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "gmq"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish ruma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *ruma, possibly a North Germanic borrowing. Cognates include Finnish ruma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vep-decl-kuva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive-instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive-instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumikš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaspäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumišpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumihe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumale",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidenke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumadme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"prolative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-i",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidenno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-i",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumannoks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidennoks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-ii",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumannopäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidennopäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahasai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rumihesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-iii"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-iii"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahapäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-i",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumihepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-i",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-ii",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "adjectives",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "kaikiš",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "vep-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruma"
},
"name": "vep-decl-kuva"
}
],
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ugly"
],
"id": "en-ruma-vep-adj-ct4nWsC0",
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Veps entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Veps kuva-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coarse, rough"
],
"id": "en-ruma-vep-adj-dvL82KAP",
"links": [
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*ruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ruma",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *ruma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vot-decl/poikõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "V/poikõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumijõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiitõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rummasõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiisõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiissõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiilõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiillõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiiltõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiissi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "^(*)) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "^(**)) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "the genitive.",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "^(***)) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.",
"source": "inflection"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧ma"
],
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"plain, bare"
],
"id": "en-ruma-vot-adj-jMeV7dsJ",
"links": [
[
"plain",
"plain"
],
[
"bare",
"bare"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rough"
],
"id": "en-ruma-vot-adj--BHrXFbu",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bad, poor"
],
"id": "en-ruma-vot-adj-2laUo7H9",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Votic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Votic poikõ-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ugly"
],
"id": "en-ruma-vot-adj-ct4nWsC0",
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrumɑ/",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrumɑ]",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umɑ"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Veps: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Votic: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "ropmi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Sami: ropmi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Sami: ropmi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "rumal"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: rumal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: rumal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "rumāli",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Livonian: rumāli",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Salaca"
},
"expansion": "(Salaca)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "rumal"
},
"expansion": "rumal",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Livonian: rumāli, (Salaca) rumal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "rummal'"
},
"expansion": "Võro: rummal'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: rummal'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "rumalõ",
"q1": "Jõgõperä"
},
"expansion": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) rumalõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) rumalõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "rumulēt",
"3": "rumelēt",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: rumulēt, rumelēt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: rumulēt, rumelēt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"tr": "*hruma-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hruma-)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrumur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hrumur",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably borrowed from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hruma-) (whence Icelandic hrumur).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruma"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/ruma",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ugly"
],
"id": "en-ruma-urj-fin-pro-adj-ct4nWsC0",
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bad, mean"
],
"id": "en-ruma-urj-fin-pro-adj-ltk~2IwC",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 3 55 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 3 80 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"greedy"
],
"id": "en-ruma-urj-fin-pro-adj-NwrtaX3F",
"links": [
[
"greedy",
"greedy"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stupid"
],
"id": "en-ruma-urj-fin-pro-adj-wtIUpITp",
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Finnish 2-syllable words",
"Finnish adjectives",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish koira-type nominals",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish terms derived from North Germanic languages",
"Finnish terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Finnish terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Finnish/umɑ",
"Rhymes:Finnish/umɑ/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ruma ankanpoikanen"
},
{
"word": "rumahko"
},
{
"word": "rumannäköinen"
},
{
"word": "rumanvärinen"
},
{
"word": "rumapiirteinen"
},
{
"word": "rumasointinen"
},
{
"word": "rumasti"
},
{
"word": "rumaääninen"
},
{
"word": "rumeliini"
},
{
"word": "rumentaa"
},
{
"word": "rumeta"
},
{
"word": "rumilus"
},
{
"word": "rumistaa"
},
{
"word": "rumuus"
},
{
"word": "susiruma"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*ruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ruma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "gmq"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "rumal",
"t": "stupid"
},
"expansion": "Estonian rumal (“stupid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "ruma",
"t": "ugly"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian ruma (“ugly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "rumāli",
"t": "dirty"
},
"expansion": "Livonian rumāli (“dirty”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Livvi ruma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "ruma",
"t": "ugly; coarse"
},
"expansion": "Veps ruma (“ugly; coarse”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Votic ruma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "ropmi"
},
"expansion": "Northern Sami ropmi",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *ruma, possibly a North Germanic borrowing. Cognates include Estonian rumal (“stupid”), Ingrian ruma (“ugly”), Livonian rumāli (“dirty”), Livvi ruma, Veps ruma (“ugly; coarse”) and Votic ruma. The Finnic word has been borrowed into Sami; compare Northern Sami ropmi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rumempi",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumin",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumien",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumatta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumitta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives.",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumieni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumakseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumineni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumienne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumainne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumianne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumananne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumainsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumissansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumastansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumistansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiinsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumillensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumakseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumikseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumattansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumittansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumineen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rum",
"2": "empi",
"3": "in"
},
"expansion": "ruma (comparative rumempi, superlative rumin)",
"name": "fi-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rum",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "a",
"pos": "adj"
},
"name": "fi-decl-koira"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "kaunis"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ugly (displeasing to the eye or ear)"
],
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "epäesteettinen"
},
{
"word": "pahannäköinen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He played a dirty trick on us.",
"text": "Hän teki meille ruman tempun.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ugly, dirty (offensive to one's sensibilities or morality)"
],
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "moraaliton"
},
{
"word": "ikävä"
},
{
"word": "ilkeä"
},
{
"word": "kelju"
},
{
"word": "kurja"
},
{
"word": "paha"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Finnish terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "dirty word",
"text": "ruma sana",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dirty (of a word or language in general: something considered vulgar)"
],
"links": [
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrumɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrumɑ̝]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umɑ"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūma",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "rūma"
},
"expansion": "rūma",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"head": "rūma"
},
"expansion": "rūma",
"name": "got-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
}
],
"categories": [
"Gothic entries with incorrect language header",
"Gothic non-lemma forms",
"Gothic romanizations"
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of 𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰"
],
"links": [
[
"𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰",
"𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰#Gothic"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ho",
"2": "poz-oce-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ho",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ho",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ho",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hiri Motu",
"lang_code": "ho",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Hiri Motu entries with incorrect language header",
"Hiri Motu lemmas",
"Hiri Motu nouns",
"Hiri Motu terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Hiri Motu terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Hiri Motu terms derived from Proto-Oceanic",
"Hiri Motu terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Hiri Motu terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Hiri Motu terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic",
"Proto-Oceanic term requests"
],
"glosses": [
"house (abode)"
],
"links": [
[
"house",
"house"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ingrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ingrian lemmas",
"Ingrian nouns",
"Ingrian terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Ingrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/umɑ",
"Rhymes:Ingrian/umɑ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*ruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ruma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish ruma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Veps ruma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *ruma. Cognates include Finnish ruma and Veps ruma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "izh-decl/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "3/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rummiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rummaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rummia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rummaa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rummii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumast",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumist",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumil",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rummaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruminna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rummiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumant",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumint",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"exessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧ma"
],
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ugly"
],
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bad, poor (of low quality)"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrumɑ/",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrumɑ]",
"tags": [
"Ala-Laukaa"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈrumɑ/",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrumɑ]",
"tags": [
"Soikkola"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-umɑ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "low-quality",
"word": "prostoi"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "kĩonje kĩrumaga mũhiũhia"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "kũruma",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ki",
"2": "verb",
"3": "infinitive",
"4": "kũruma"
},
"expansion": "ruma (infinitive kũruma)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"lang_code": "ki",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"class-7"
],
"word": "kĩrumi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kikuyu entries with incorrect language header",
"Kikuyu lemmas",
"Kikuyu terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Kikuyu verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to curse, to abuse"
],
"links": [
[
"curse",
"curse"
],
[
"abuse",
"abuse"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɾuma/"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin terms derived from Etruscan",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "irrumō"
},
{
"word": "rū̆migō"
},
{
"word": "Rū̆mī̆na"
},
{
"word": "Rū̆mī̆nus"
},
{
"word": "subrū̆mō"
},
{
"word": "subrū̆mus"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan [Term?]",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibly from Etruscan [Term?].",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rū̆ma",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆ma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆ma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rū̆mae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rū̆ma<1>"
},
"expansion": "rū̆ma f (genitive rū̆mae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rū̆ma<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"la:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"udder, teat"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"udder",
"udder"
],
[
"teat",
"teat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) udder, teat"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ūber"
},
{
"word": "sūmen"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrʊmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ma/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːmä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rū̆mis"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rūmen"
},
"expansion": "rūmen",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The same as rūmen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūma",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūma<1>"
},
"expansion": "rūma f (genitive rūmae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūma<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"la:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"rumen"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"rumen",
"rumen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) rumen"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rūmen"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stomach, abdomen"
],
"links": [
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
],
[
"abdomen",
"abdomen"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "venter"
},
{
"word": "pantex"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrʊmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ma/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːmä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rū̆mis"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lower Sorbian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lower Sorbian non-lemma forms",
"Lower Sorbian noun forms",
"Lower Sorbian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of rum:",
"genitive singular"
],
"links": [
[
"rum",
"rum#Lower Sorbian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of rum:",
"nominative/accusative dual"
],
"links": [
[
"rum",
"rum#Lower Sorbian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"form-of",
"nominative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruma/"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wiv",
"2": "poz-oce-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic [Term?]",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wiv",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wiv",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Oceanic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀumaq, from Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wiv",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Muduapa",
"lang_code": "wiv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Muduapa entries with incorrect language header",
"Muduapa lemmas",
"Muduapa nouns",
"Muduapa terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Muduapa terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Muduapa terms derived from Proto-Oceanic",
"Muduapa terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Muduapa terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Muduapa terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic",
"Proto-Oceanic term requests"
],
"glosses": [
"house (abode)"
],
"links": [
[
"house",
"house"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rumar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"third-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"rumar",
"rumar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of rumar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rumar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rumar:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"rumar",
"rumar#Portuguese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of rumar:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Finnic adjectives",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"Proto-Finnic terms borrowed from Proto-Norse",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Norse",
"Requests for native script for Proto-Norse terms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Veps: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Votic: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "ropmi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Sami: ropmi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Sami: ropmi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "rumal"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: rumal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: rumal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "rumāli",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Livonian: rumāli",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Salaca"
},
"expansion": "(Salaca)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "rumal"
},
"expansion": "rumal",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Livonian: rumāli, (Salaca) rumal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "rummal'"
},
"expansion": "Võro: rummal'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: rummal'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "rumalõ",
"q1": "Jõgõperä"
},
"expansion": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) rumalõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) rumalõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "rumulēt",
"3": "rumelēt",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: rumulēt, rumelēt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: rumulēt, rumelēt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"tr": "*hruma-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hruma-)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrumur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hrumur",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably borrowed from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hruma-) (whence Icelandic hrumur).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruma"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/ruma",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ugly"
],
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bad, mean"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"greedy"
],
"links": [
[
"greedy",
"greedy"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stupid"
],
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pyu",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*ʀumaq"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Austronesian *ʀumaq.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pyu",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Puyuma",
"lang_code": "pyu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Puyuma entries with incorrect language header",
"Puyuma lemmas",
"Puyuma nouns",
"Puyuma terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Puyuma terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Puyuma terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The door of our house is to the east.",
"text": "naniyam ruma piyalaudr tu pitaun.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"house; home"
],
"links": [
[
"house",
"house"
],
[
"home",
"home"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ve",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Venda",
"lang_code": "ve",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Venda entries with incorrect language header",
"Venda lemmas",
"Venda verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to send"
],
"links": [
[
"send",
"send"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Veps adjectives",
"Veps entries with incorrect language header",
"Veps kuva-type nominals",
"Veps lemmas",
"Veps terms derived from North Germanic languages",
"Veps terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Veps terms inherited from Proto-Finnic"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*ruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ruma",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "gmq"
},
"expansion": "North Germanic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish ruma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *ruma, possibly a North Germanic borrowing. Cognates include Finnish ruma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vep-decl-kuva",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive-instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive-instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumikš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaspäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumišpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaha",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumihe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumal",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumil",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilpäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumale",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumile",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidenke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumadme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"prolative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-i",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidenno",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-i",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumannoks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidennoks",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"approximative",
"approximative-ii",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumannopäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumidennopäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"egressive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahasai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rumihesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-i"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilesai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"terminative",
"terminative-iii"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"terminative",
"terminative-iii"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahapäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-i",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumihepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-i",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumilepäi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"additive",
"additive-ii",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "adjectives",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "kaikiš",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "vep-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruma"
},
"name": "vep-decl-kuva"
}
],
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ugly"
],
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"coarse, rough"
],
"links": [
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Votic/umɑ",
"Rhymes:Votic/umɑ/2 syllables",
"Votic adjectives",
"Votic entries with incorrect language header",
"Votic lemmas",
"Votic poikõ-type nominals",
"Votic terms derived from Proto-Finnic",
"Votic terms inherited from Proto-Finnic",
"Votic terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "urj-fin-pro",
"3": "*ruma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finnic *ruma",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finnic *ruma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "vot-decl/poikõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "V/poikõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumad",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumijõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiitõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumii",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rummasõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiisõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiissõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiilõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumallõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiillõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaltõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiiltõ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumiissi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "^(*)) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "^(**)) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "the genitive.",
"source": "inflection"
},
{
"form": "^(***)) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.",
"source": "inflection"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "ruma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧ma"
],
"lang": "Votic",
"lang_code": "vot",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"plain, bare"
],
"links": [
[
"plain",
"plain"
],
[
"bare",
"bare"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rough"
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bad, poor"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"poor",
"poor"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ugly"
],
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrumɑ/",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrumɑ]",
"note": "Luutsa, Liivtšülä"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umɑ"
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Votic is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: ^(*)) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^(**)) the terminative is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative (sg) or the genitive. ^(***)) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive., style: background:rgb(80%,80%,100%);font-size:smaller////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"ruma"
],
"section": "Votic",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ruma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for the genitive.",
"path": [
"ruma"
],
"section": "Votic",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ruma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for ^(***)) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.",
"path": [
"ruma"
],
"section": "Votic",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ruma",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.