See ruma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ruma meaning in Proto-Finnic (6.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Veps: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Votic: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "ropmi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Sami: ropmi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Sami: ropmi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "rumal"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: rumal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: rumal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "rumāli",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Livonian: rumāli",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Salaca"
},
"expansion": "(Salaca)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Livonian: rumāli, (Salaca) rumal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "rummal'"
},
"expansion": "Võro: rummal'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: rummal'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "rumalõ",
"q1": "Jõgõperä"
},
"expansion": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) rumalõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) rumalõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "rumulēt",
"3": "rumelēt",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: rumulēt, rumelēt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: rumulēt, rumelēt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"tr": "*hruma-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hruma-)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrumur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hrumur",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably borrowed from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hruma-) (whence Icelandic hrumur).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruma"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/ruma",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ugly"
],
"id": "en-ruma-urj-fin-pro-adj-ct4nWsC0",
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bad, mean"
],
"id": "en-ruma-urj-fin-pro-adj-ltk~2IwC",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 3 55 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 3 83 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"greedy"
],
"id": "en-ruma-urj-fin-pro-adj-NwrtaX3F",
"links": [
[
"greedy",
"greedy"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stupid"
],
"id": "en-ruma-urj-fin-pro-adj-wtIUpITp",
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Finnic adjectives",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"Proto-Finnic terms borrowed from Proto-Norse",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Norse",
"Requests for native script for Proto-Norse terms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Veps: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "ruma"
},
"expansion": "Votic: ruma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: ruma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "ropmi",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Sami: ropmi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Sami: ropmi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "rumal"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: rumal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: rumal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "rumāli",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Livonian: rumāli",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Salaca"
},
"expansion": "(Salaca)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Livonian: rumāli, (Salaca) rumal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "rummal'"
},
"expansion": "Võro: rummal'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: rummal'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "rumalõ",
"q1": "Jõgõperä"
},
"expansion": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) rumalõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (Jõgõperä) rumalõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "rumulēt",
"3": "rumelēt",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: rumulēt, rumelēt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: rumulēt, rumelēt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"tr": "*hruma-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hruma-)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrumur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hrumur",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably borrowed from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hruma-) (whence Icelandic hrumur).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ruma",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumada",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "ruman",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rumatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rumëitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruma"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/ruma",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"ugly"
],
"links": [
[
"ugly",
"ugly"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bad, mean"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"mean",
"mean"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"greedy"
],
"links": [
[
"greedy",
"greedy"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"stupid"
],
"links": [
[
"stupid",
"stupid"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ruma"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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