See nous on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for nous meaning in All languages combined (16.8kB)
{
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"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)neh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "νοῦς",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek νοῦς (noûs)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "νόος",
"3": "",
"4": "mind"
},
"expansion": "νόος (nóos, “mind”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek νοῦς (noûs) or νόος (nóos, “mind”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "nous (uncountable)",
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "paranoia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "noesis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "noogenesis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "noology"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "noosphere"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nootropic"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Philosophy",
"orig": "en:Philosophy",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1900, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, On the Disastrous Spread of Aestheticism in all Classes",
"text": "I feel the will to roam, to learn\nBy test, experience, nous,\nThat fire is hot and ocean deep,\nAnd wolves carnivorous.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The mind or intellect, reason, both rational and emotional"
],
"id": "en-nous-en-noun-P8~gQysI",
"links": [
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
],
[
"mind",
"mind"
],
[
"reason",
"reason"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(philosophy) The mind or intellect, reason, both rational and emotional"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "50 33 17",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razum",
"sense": "reason in philosophy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "разум"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 33 17",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "reason in philosophy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nous"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 33 17",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reason in philosophy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nous"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 33 17",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reason in philosophy",
"word": "Nous"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 33 17",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reason in philosophy",
"word": "nous"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 33 17",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reason in philosophy",
"word": "förnuft"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 71 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In Neoplatonism, the divine reason, regarded as first divine emanation."
],
"id": "en-nous-en-noun-42Dhnv5T",
"links": [
[
"Neoplatonism",
"Neoplatonism"
],
[
"divine",
"divine"
],
[
"emanation",
"emanation"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1907, E.M. Forster, The Longest Journey, Uniform edition, Edward Arnold, Part I, I, page 19",
"text": "There is nothing original in absent-mindedness. True originally lies elsewhere. Really, the lower classes have no nous.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Common sense; practical intelligence."
],
"id": "en-nous-en-noun-psrqbocJ",
"links": [
[
"Common sense",
"common sense"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/naʊs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊs"
},
{
"ipa": "/nuːs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-nous.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/En-us-nous.ogg/En-us-nous.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/En-us-nous.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "nous"
},
{
"enpr": "noo͞s"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "noos"
}
],
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"nous"
],
"word": "nous"
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"nous"
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "new",
"word": "nou"
}
],
"glosses": [
"masculine plural of nou (“new”)"
],
"id": "en-nous-ca-adj-KwZlhFzL",
"links": [
[
"nou",
"nou#Catalan"
]
],
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"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈnɔws]",
"tags": [
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"Central",
"Valencian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔws"
}
],
"word": "nous"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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"expansion": "nous",
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"nous"
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "nine",
"word": "nou"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of nou (“nine”)"
],
"id": "en-nous-ca-noun--L2RIKEt",
"links": [
[
"nou",
"nou#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈnɔws]",
"tags": [
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},
{
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}
],
"word": "nous"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
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"expansion": "nous",
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],
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"nous"
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "nut",
"word": "nou"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of nou (“nut”)"
],
"id": "en-nous-ca-noun-sly25vnD",
"links": [
[
"nou",
"nou#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
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]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "[ˈnɔws]",
"tags": [
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"Central",
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]
},
{
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}
],
"word": "nous"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
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},
"expansion": "nous",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"nous"
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 20 20 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "noure"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present indicative of noure"
],
"id": "en-nous-ca-verb-3rtfo5VG",
"links": [
[
"noure",
"noure#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
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"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈnɔws]",
"tags": [
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"Central",
"Valencian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔws"
}
],
"word": "nous"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ce que c’est que de nous !"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "entre nous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nous autres"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nous de majesté"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nous-mêmes"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "nous",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French nous",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "nous"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French nous",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "nous"
},
"expansion": "Old French nous",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "nos"
},
"expansion": "nos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "nōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin nōs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*nōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *nōs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ang",
"2": "je"
},
"expansion": "Angevin je",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-bbn",
"2": "je"
},
"expansion": "Bourbonnais-Berrichon je",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-brg",
"2": "i"
},
"expansion": "Bourguignon i",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-cha",
"2": "ju"
},
"expansion": "Champenois ju",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-fcm",
"2": "i"
},
"expansion": "Franc-Comtois i",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-gal",
"2": "je"
},
"expansion": "Gallo je",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-lor",
"2": "nos"
},
"expansion": "Lorrain nos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "je"
},
"expansion": "Norman je",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-orl",
"2": "je"
},
"expansion": "Orléanais je",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pcd",
"2": "nos"
},
"expansion": "Picard nos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-poi",
"2": "i/jhe"
},
"expansion": "Poitevin-Saintongeais i/jhe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "nos"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal nos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "nosautres"
},
"expansion": "Occitan nosautres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "nosaltres"
},
"expansion": "Catalan nosaltres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "noi"
},
"expansion": "Corsican noi",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French nous, from Old French nous, nos, from Latin nōs, from Proto-Italic *nōs.\nIn several dialects of French, je may be used instead of nous (j'allons instead of nous allons, je voyons instead of nous voyons etc.), this use was perceived as peasant-like and thus often mocked since the 15th century (for example by Molière). However this use survived and spread in various regions of the so-called domaine d'oïl (linguistic area starting above Auvergne where the oïl varieties of Romance developed from the 4th or 5th century). The regions of France where this use of je (from Latin ego \"I\") instead of nous, nos (from Latin nos, \"we\") was recorded are Normandy, Romance-speaking Brittany, Poitou and Anjou, Champagne, Ardennes, Bourgogne and Franche-Comté, Dauphiné, Berry, Touraine, Orléanais, Bourbonnais, Maine.\nSee cognates in regional languages in France: Angevin je and nous, Bourbonnais-Berrichon je and nous, Bourguignon i and nous, Champenois ju and nous, Franc-Comtois i and nôs, Gallo je and nouz, Lorrain nos, Norman je and nos, Orléanais je and nous, Picard nos, Poitevin-Saintongeais i/jhe and nous, Franco-Provençal nos, Occitan nosautres (Provençal nousautes), Catalan nosaltres, Corsican noi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "je",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nous",
"tags": [
"emphatic"
]
},
{
"form": "notre",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"10": "nous",
"11": "possessive determiner",
"12": "notre",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "first-person plural",
"4": "",
"5": "singular",
"6": "je",
"7": "object",
"8": "nous",
"9": "emphatic",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "nous (first-person plural, singular je, object nous, emphatic nous, possessive determiner notre)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 43 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French personal pronouns",
"parents": [
"Personal pronouns",
"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the first person:",
"we."
],
"id": "en-nous-fr-pron-VaZ65k0G",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"personal pronoun",
"personal pronoun"
],
[
"first person",
"first person"
],
[
"we",
"we"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the first person:",
"(subject pronoun) we."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "on"
}
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 43 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French personal pronouns",
"parents": [
"Personal pronouns",
"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the first person:",
"us, to us."
],
"id": "en-nous-fr-pron-r80s-sX3",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"personal pronoun",
"personal pronoun"
],
[
"first person",
"first person"
],
[
"us",
"us"
]
],
"qualifier": "object pronoun",
"raw_glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the first person:",
"(object pronoun) us, to us."
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 14 14 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 43 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French personal pronouns",
"parents": [
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"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 31 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 21 21 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"we (as the royal we)"
],
"id": "en-nous-fr-pron--zcwl3Kx",
"links": [
[
"we",
"we"
],
[
"royal we",
"royal we#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "royal",
"raw_glosses": [
"(royal, obsolete) we (as the royal we)"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"obsolete",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nu/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nu.z‿/"
},
{
"homophone": "noue"
},
{
"homophone": "nouent"
},
{
"homophone": "noues"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-nous.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Fr-nous.ogg/Fr-nous.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Fr-nous.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "nous"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grc",
"3": "νοῦς",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek νοῦς (noûs)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νόος",
"3": "",
"4": "mind"
},
"expansion": "νόος (nóos, “mind”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek νοῦς (noûs) or νόος (nóos, “mind”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nous",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
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},
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"name": "fr-noun"
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],
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"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the nous, (divine) reason in philosophy"
],
"id": "en-nous-fr-noun-l6t9PV1D",
"links": [
[
"nous",
"nous#English"
],
[
"reason",
"reason"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nu/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nu.z‿/"
},
{
"homophone": "noue"
},
{
"homophone": "nouent"
},
{
"homophone": "noues"
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{
"audio": "Fr-nous.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Fr-nous.ogg/Fr-nous.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Fr-nous.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "nous"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "nous"
},
"expansion": "French: nous",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: nous"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "nous"
},
"expansion": "Old French nous",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French nous.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "reflexive pronouns"
},
"expansion": "nous",
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],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
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},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"we (subject pronoun)"
],
"id": "en-nous-frm-pron-7ZPXdQHc",
"links": [
[
"we",
"we#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French reflexive pronouns",
"parents": [
"Reflexive pronouns",
"Personal pronouns",
"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ourselves (reflexive pronoun)"
],
"id": "en-nous-frm-pron-sOO~IuDd",
"links": [
[
"ourselves",
"ourselves"
]
]
}
],
"word": "nous"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "nōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin nōs",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin nōs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "nous",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "nos"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French personal pronouns",
"parents": [
"Personal pronouns",
"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French subject pronouns",
"parents": [
"Subject pronouns",
"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of nos"
],
"id": "en-nous-fro-pron-MvWV3ltj",
"links": [
[
"nos",
"nos#Old French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nus/"
}
],
"word": "nous"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pcd",
"2": "fro",
"3": "nous"
},
"expansion": "Old French nous",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French nous.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pcd",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "nous",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Picard",
"lang_code": "pcd",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Picard entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Picard pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"we"
],
"id": "en-nous-pcd-pron-3HyBG5Vh",
"links": [
[
"we",
"we"
]
]
}
],
"word": "nous"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan adjective forms",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Catalan verb forms",
"Rhymes:Catalan/ɔws",
"Rhymes:Catalan/ɔws/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "adjective form"
},
"expansion": "nous",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"nous"
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "new",
"word": "nou"
}
],
"glosses": [
"masculine plural of nou (“new”)"
],
"links": [
[
"nou",
"nou#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈnɔws]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔws"
}
],
"word": "nous"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan noun forms",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Catalan verb forms",
"Rhymes:Catalan/ɔws",
"Rhymes:Catalan/ɔws/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "nous",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"nous"
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "nine",
"word": "nou"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of nou (“nine”)"
],
"links": [
[
"nou",
"nou#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈnɔws]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔws"
}
],
"word": "nous"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan noun forms",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Catalan verb forms",
"Rhymes:Catalan/ɔws",
"Rhymes:Catalan/ɔws/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "nous",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"nous"
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "nut",
"word": "nou"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of nou (“nut”)"
],
"links": [
[
"nou",
"nou#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈnɔws]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔws"
}
],
"word": "nous"
}
{
"categories": [
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan non-lemma forms",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Catalan verb forms",
"Rhymes:Catalan/ɔws",
"Rhymes:Catalan/ɔws/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "nous",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"nous"
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "noure"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular present indicative of noure"
],
"links": [
[
"noure",
"noure#Catalan"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈnɔws]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Central",
"Valencian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔws"
}
],
"word": "nous"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)neh₁-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/aʊs",
"Rhymes:English/aʊs/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)neh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "νοῦς",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek νοῦς (noûs)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νόος",
"3": "",
"4": "mind"
},
"expansion": "νόος (nóos, “mind”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek νοῦς (noûs) or νόος (nóos, “mind”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "nous (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "paranoia"
},
{
"word": "noesis"
},
{
"word": "noogenesis"
},
{
"word": "noology"
},
{
"word": "noosphere"
},
{
"word": "nootropic"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Philosophy"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1900, Gilbert Keith Chesterton, On the Disastrous Spread of Aestheticism in all Classes",
"text": "I feel the will to roam, to learn\nBy test, experience, nous,\nThat fire is hot and ocean deep,\nAnd wolves carnivorous.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The mind or intellect, reason, both rational and emotional"
],
"links": [
[
"philosophy",
"philosophy"
],
[
"mind",
"mind"
],
[
"reason",
"reason"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(philosophy) The mind or intellect, reason, both rational and emotional"
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"philosophy",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"In Neoplatonism, the divine reason, regarded as first divine emanation."
],
"links": [
[
"Neoplatonism",
"Neoplatonism"
],
[
"divine",
"divine"
],
[
"emanation",
"emanation"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1907, E.M. Forster, The Longest Journey, Uniform edition, Edward Arnold, Part I, I, page 19",
"text": "There is nothing original in absent-mindedness. True originally lies elsewhere. Really, the lower classes have no nous.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Common sense; practical intelligence."
],
"links": [
[
"Common sense",
"common sense"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/naʊs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊs"
},
{
"ipa": "/nuːs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-nous.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/28/En-us-nous.ogg/En-us-nous.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/28/En-us-nous.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "nous"
},
{
"enpr": "noo͞s"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "noos"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razum",
"sense": "reason in philosophy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "разум"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "reason in philosophy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nous"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "reason in philosophy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nous"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "reason in philosophy",
"word": "Nous"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reason in philosophy",
"word": "nous"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "reason in philosophy",
"word": "förnuft"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nous"
],
"word": "nous"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French personal pronouns",
"French pronouns",
"French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"French terms inherited from Latin",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French terms with homophones",
"French undefined derivations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ce que c’est que de nous !"
},
{
"word": "entre nous"
},
{
"word": "nous autres"
},
{
"word": "nous de majesté"
},
{
"word": "nous-mêmes"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "nous",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French nous",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "nous"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French nous",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "nous"
},
"expansion": "Old French nous",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "nos"
},
"expansion": "nos",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "nōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin nōs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*nōs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *nōs",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ang",
"2": "je"
},
"expansion": "Angevin je",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-bbn",
"2": "je"
},
"expansion": "Bourbonnais-Berrichon je",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-brg",
"2": "i"
},
"expansion": "Bourguignon i",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-cha",
"2": "ju"
},
"expansion": "Champenois ju",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-fcm",
"2": "i"
},
"expansion": "Franc-Comtois i",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-gal",
"2": "je"
},
"expansion": "Gallo je",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-lor",
"2": "nos"
},
"expansion": "Lorrain nos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "je"
},
"expansion": "Norman je",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-orl",
"2": "je"
},
"expansion": "Orléanais je",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pcd",
"2": "nos"
},
"expansion": "Picard nos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-poi",
"2": "i/jhe"
},
"expansion": "Poitevin-Saintongeais i/jhe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "nos"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal nos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "nosautres"
},
"expansion": "Occitan nosautres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "nosaltres"
},
"expansion": "Catalan nosaltres",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "noi"
},
"expansion": "Corsican noi",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French nous, from Old French nous, nos, from Latin nōs, from Proto-Italic *nōs.\nIn several dialects of French, je may be used instead of nous (j'allons instead of nous allons, je voyons instead of nous voyons etc.), this use was perceived as peasant-like and thus often mocked since the 15th century (for example by Molière). However this use survived and spread in various regions of the so-called domaine d'oïl (linguistic area starting above Auvergne where the oïl varieties of Romance developed from the 4th or 5th century). The regions of France where this use of je (from Latin ego \"I\") instead of nous, nos (from Latin nos, \"we\") was recorded are Normandy, Romance-speaking Brittany, Poitou and Anjou, Champagne, Ardennes, Bourgogne and Franche-Comté, Dauphiné, Berry, Touraine, Orléanais, Bourbonnais, Maine.\nSee cognates in regional languages in France: Angevin je and nous, Bourbonnais-Berrichon je and nous, Bourguignon i and nous, Champenois ju and nous, Franc-Comtois i and nôs, Gallo je and nouz, Lorrain nos, Norman je and nos, Orléanais je and nous, Picard nos, Poitevin-Saintongeais i/jhe and nous, Franco-Provençal nos, Occitan nosautres (Provençal nousautes), Catalan nosaltres, Corsican noi.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "je",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nous",
"tags": [
"emphatic"
]
},
{
"form": "notre",
"tags": [
"determiner",
"possessive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"10": "nous",
"11": "possessive determiner",
"12": "notre",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "first-person plural",
"4": "",
"5": "singular",
"6": "je",
"7": "object",
"8": "nous",
"9": "emphatic",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "nous (first-person plural, singular je, object nous, emphatic nous, possessive determiner notre)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the first person:",
"we."
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"personal pronoun",
"personal pronoun"
],
[
"first person",
"first person"
],
[
"we",
"we"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the first person:",
"(subject pronoun) we."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "on"
}
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"pronoun",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the first person:",
"us, to us."
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural"
],
[
"personal pronoun",
"personal pronoun"
],
[
"first person",
"first person"
],
[
"us",
"us"
]
],
"qualifier": "object pronoun",
"raw_glosses": [
"the plural personal pronoun in the first person:",
"(object pronoun) us, to us."
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French royal terms",
"French terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"we (as the royal we)"
],
"links": [
[
"we",
"we"
],
[
"royal we",
"royal we#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "royal",
"raw_glosses": [
"(royal, obsolete) we (as the royal we)"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"obsolete",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nu/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nu.z‿/"
},
{
"homophone": "noue"
},
{
"homophone": "nouent"
},
{
"homophone": "noues"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-nous.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Fr-nous.ogg/Fr-nous.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Fr-nous.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "nous"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French terms with homophones",
"French undefined derivations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grc",
"3": "νοῦς",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek νοῦς (noûs)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "νόος",
"3": "",
"4": "mind"
},
"expansion": "νόος (nóos, “mind”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek νοῦς (noûs) or νόος (nóos, “mind”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "nous",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "nous m (plural nous)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the nous, (divine) reason in philosophy"
],
"links": [
[
"nous",
"nous#English"
],
[
"reason",
"reason"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nu/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nu.z‿/"
},
{
"homophone": "noue"
},
{
"homophone": "nouent"
},
{
"homophone": "noues"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-nous.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Fr-nous.ogg/Fr-nous.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Fr-nous.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "nous"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French pronouns",
"Middle French reflexive pronouns",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "nous"
},
"expansion": "French: nous",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: nous"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "nous"
},
"expansion": "Old French nous",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French nous.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "reflexive pronouns"
},
"expansion": "nous",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"we (subject pronoun)"
],
"links": [
[
"we",
"we#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ourselves (reflexive pronoun)"
],
"links": [
[
"ourselves",
"ourselves"
]
]
}
],
"word": "nous"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "nōs"
},
"expansion": "Latin nōs",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin nōs.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "nous",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "nos"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French personal pronouns",
"Old French pronouns",
"Old French subject pronouns",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Old French terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of nos"
],
"links": [
[
"nos",
"nos#Old French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/nus/"
}
],
"word": "nous"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pcd",
"2": "fro",
"3": "nous"
},
"expansion": "Old French nous",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French nous.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pcd",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "nous",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Picard",
"lang_code": "pcd",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Picard entries with incorrect language header",
"Picard lemmas",
"Picard pronouns",
"Picard terms derived from Old French",
"Picard terms inherited from Old French"
],
"glosses": [
"we"
],
"links": [
[
"we",
"we"
]
]
}
],
"word": "nous"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: object nous",
"path": [
"nous"
],
"section": "French",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "nous",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.