"nootropic" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)neh₁-",
        "4": "*trep-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Q5171284",
        "in": "1972",
        "nobycat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Coined by Romanian psychologist and chemist Corneliu E. Giurgea in 1972",
      "name": "coined"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "νόος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mind"
      },
      "expansion": "νόος (nóos, “mind”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "τροπέω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "τροπέω (tropéō, “to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "nous",
        "3": "-tropic",
        "alt1": "noos",
        "lit": "mind changing"
      },
      "expansion": "noos + -tropic, literally “mind changing”",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Coined by Romanian psychologist and chemist Corneliu E. Giurgea in 1972, derived from the Ancient Greek words νόος (nóos, “mind”) and τροπέω (tropéō, “to turn”). Equivalent to noos + -tropic, literally “mind changing”.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "nootropics",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "nootropic (plural nootropics)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "piracetam"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "caffeine"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "psychotropic"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Medicine",
          "orig": "en:Medicine",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 29 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 34 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -tropic",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2012 January 30, Ari LeVaux, “Experimenting With Nootropics to Increase Mental Capacity, Clarity”, in The Atlantic",
          "text": "Nootropics also include extracted and purified components of medicinal plants, as well as substances synthesized from chemical precursors, such as piracetam, the world's first official nootropic (piracetam was created in 1964 in Belgium by a team of scientists whose leader, Dr. Corneliu E. Giurgea, coined the term).",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any substance purported to increase or enhance cognitive abilities."
      ],
      "id": "en-nootropic-en-noun-1MIBDbyv",
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "cognitive",
          "cognitive"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine) Any substance purported to increase or enhance cognitive abilities."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Pharmacology",
          "orig": "en:Pharmacology",
          "parents": [
            "Biochemistry",
            "Medicine",
            "Biology",
            "Chemistry",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 29 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 34 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -tropic",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A drug that enhances learning and memory and lacks the usual pharmacology of other psychotropic drugs (e.g. sedation, motor stimulation) and possesses very few side effects and extremely low toxicity."
      ],
      "id": "en-nootropic-en-noun-nvt7j5Yo",
      "links": [
        [
          "pharmacology",
          "pharmacology"
        ],
        [
          "psychotropic",
          "psychotropic"
        ],
        [
          "sedation",
          "sedation"
        ],
        [
          "toxicity",
          "toxicity"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(pharmacology) A drug that enhances learning and memory and lacks the usual pharmacology of other psychotropic drugs (e.g. sedation, motor stimulation) and possesses very few side effects and extremely low toxicity."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "pharmacology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌnoʊəˈtɹoʊpɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌnoʊəˈtɹɑːpɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "smart drug"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "memory enhancer"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "nootropic"
  ],
  "word": "nootropic"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)neh₁-",
        "4": "*trep-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Q5171284",
        "in": "1972",
        "nobycat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Coined by Romanian psychologist and chemist Corneliu E. Giurgea in 1972",
      "name": "coined"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "νόος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mind"
      },
      "expansion": "νόος (nóos, “mind”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "τροπέω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "τροπέω (tropéō, “to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "nous",
        "3": "-tropic",
        "alt1": "noos",
        "lit": "mind changing"
      },
      "expansion": "noos + -tropic, literally “mind changing”",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Coined by Romanian psychologist and chemist Corneliu E. Giurgea in 1972, derived from the Ancient Greek words νόος (nóos, “mind”) and τροπέω (tropéō, “to turn”). Equivalent to noos + -tropic, literally “mind changing”.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more nootropic",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most nootropic",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "nootropic (comparative more nootropic, superlative most nootropic)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "35 29 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 34 39",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -tropic",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2023 May 28, Alice Lascelles, “What's the buzz?”, in FT Weekend, HTSI, page 61",
          "text": "It's triggered and explosion of “functional” drinks featuring adaptogenic and nootropic ingredients; plants that in some cases have been used for thousands of years to boost mood and cognitive performance.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Relating to substances that enhance cognitive performance."
      ],
      "id": "en-nootropic-en-adj-0LyMytr2",
      "links": [
        [
          "substance",
          "substance"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌnoʊəˈtɹoʊpɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌnoʊəˈtɹɑːpɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "nootropic"
  ],
  "word": "nootropic"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 4-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English coinages",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)neh₁-",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *trep-",
    "English terms suffixed with -tropic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)neh₁-",
        "4": "*trep-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Q5171284",
        "in": "1972",
        "nobycat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Coined by Romanian psychologist and chemist Corneliu E. Giurgea in 1972",
      "name": "coined"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "νόος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mind"
      },
      "expansion": "νόος (nóos, “mind”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "τροπέω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "τροπέω (tropéō, “to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "nous",
        "3": "-tropic",
        "alt1": "noos",
        "lit": "mind changing"
      },
      "expansion": "noos + -tropic, literally “mind changing”",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Coined by Romanian psychologist and chemist Corneliu E. Giurgea in 1972, derived from the Ancient Greek words νόος (nóos, “mind”) and τροπέω (tropéō, “to turn”). Equivalent to noos + -tropic, literally “mind changing”.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "nootropics",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "nootropic (plural nootropics)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "word": "piracetam"
    },
    {
      "word": "caffeine"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "psychotropic"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Medicine"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2012 January 30, Ari LeVaux, “Experimenting With Nootropics to Increase Mental Capacity, Clarity”, in The Atlantic",
          "text": "Nootropics also include extracted and purified components of medicinal plants, as well as substances synthesized from chemical precursors, such as piracetam, the world's first official nootropic (piracetam was created in 1964 in Belgium by a team of scientists whose leader, Dr. Corneliu E. Giurgea, coined the term).",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any substance purported to increase or enhance cognitive abilities."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "cognitive",
          "cognitive"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine) Any substance purported to increase or enhance cognitive abilities."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Pharmacology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A drug that enhances learning and memory and lacks the usual pharmacology of other psychotropic drugs (e.g. sedation, motor stimulation) and possesses very few side effects and extremely low toxicity."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pharmacology",
          "pharmacology"
        ],
        [
          "psychotropic",
          "psychotropic"
        ],
        [
          "sedation",
          "sedation"
        ],
        [
          "toxicity",
          "toxicity"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(pharmacology) A drug that enhances learning and memory and lacks the usual pharmacology of other psychotropic drugs (e.g. sedation, motor stimulation) and possesses very few side effects and extremely low toxicity."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "pharmacology",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌnoʊəˈtɹoʊpɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌnoʊəˈtɹɑːpɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "smart drug"
    },
    {
      "word": "memory enhancer"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "nootropic"
  ],
  "word": "nootropic"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 4-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English coinages",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)neh₁-",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *trep-",
    "English terms suffixed with -tropic",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)neh₁-",
        "4": "*trep-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "Q5171284",
        "in": "1972",
        "nobycat": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "Coined by Romanian psychologist and chemist Corneliu E. Giurgea in 1972",
      "name": "coined"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "νόος",
        "3": "",
        "4": "mind"
      },
      "expansion": "νόος (nóos, “mind”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "τροπέω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to turn"
      },
      "expansion": "τροπέω (tropéō, “to turn”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "nous",
        "3": "-tropic",
        "alt1": "noos",
        "lit": "mind changing"
      },
      "expansion": "noos + -tropic, literally “mind changing”",
      "name": "suf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Coined by Romanian psychologist and chemist Corneliu E. Giurgea in 1972, derived from the Ancient Greek words νόος (nóos, “mind”) and τροπέω (tropéō, “to turn”). Equivalent to noos + -tropic, literally “mind changing”.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more nootropic",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most nootropic",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "nootropic (comparative more nootropic, superlative most nootropic)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2023 May 28, Alice Lascelles, “What's the buzz?”, in FT Weekend, HTSI, page 61",
          "text": "It's triggered and explosion of “functional” drinks featuring adaptogenic and nootropic ingredients; plants that in some cases have been used for thousands of years to boost mood and cognitive performance.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Relating to substances that enhance cognitive performance."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "substance",
          "substance"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌnoʊəˈtɹoʊpɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˌnoʊəˈtɹɑːpɪk/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/af/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-nootropic.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "nootropic"
  ],
  "word": "nootropic"
}