"-а" meaning in All languages combined

See -а on Wiktionary

Suffix [Belarusian]

IPA: [a] Forms: -a [alternative]
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьje. Variant used after non-palatalizable consonants. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|be|sla-pro|*-ьje|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *-ьje, {{inh+|be|sla-pro|*-ьje}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьje Head templates: {{head|be|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes}} -а • (-a)
  1. Alternative form of -е (-je); used after ш, ч, ж formed as a result of the Slavic first palatalization, as well as sometimes after р. Tags: alt-of, alternative, morpheme Alternative form of: (extra: (-je); used after ш, ч, ж formed as a result of the Slavic first palatalization, as well as sometimes after р)
    Sense id: en--а-be-suffix-PuBwZUbp Categories (other): Belarusian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Belarusian entries with incorrect language header: 48 13 3 36
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: (-je), -a — Łacinka [Belarusian, Latin]
Etymology number: 1

Suffix [Belarusian]

IPA: [a], [ˈa] Forms: -a [alternative]
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a, from Proto-Indo-European *-ōd, the thematic ablative ending. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|be|sla-pro|*-a|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *-a, {{inh+|be|sla-pro|*-a}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a, {{inh|be|ine-pro|*-ōd}} Proto-Indo-European *-ōd Head templates: {{head|be|suffix}} -а • (-a)
  1. Forms the genitive singular of most masculine and neuter nouns. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-be-suffix-Iom49-bd
  2. Forms the count form of some nouns. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-be-suffix-3Ge~IiB6
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: -a — Łacinka [Belarusian, Latin], -я — used for nouns ending in -ь (-ja) (alt: -ʹ), (-j)
Etymology number: 2

Suffix [Belarusian]

Forms: -a [alternative]
Etymology: Compare Russian and Ukrainian -о (-o). Etymology templates: {{cog|ru,uk|-о}} Russian and Ukrainian -о (-o) Head templates: {{head|be|suffix}} -а • (-a)
  1. Suffix added to adjectives to produce adverbs Tags: morpheme Synonyms: -о́ () [stressed]
    Sense id: en--а-be-suffix-O0OuUk-y
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: (-je), -a — Łacinka [Belarusian, Latin]
Etymology number: 3

Suffix [Chuvash]

Forms: -a [alternative]
Head templates: {{head|cv|suffix|front vowel variant|-е}} -а • (-a) (front vowel variant -е)
  1. Forms agent nouns: -er, -or Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-cv-suffix-oXgV5RPx Categories (other): Chuvash entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Chuvash entries with incorrect language header: 44 17 5 3 30
  2. Forms instrument nouns by means of which the action is performed Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-cv-suffix-y3oJydbt
  3. Forms resultative nouns Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-cv-suffix-RubPMWLs
  4. Forms nouns of location Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-cv-suffix-MbSjTn76
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix [Chuvash]

Forms: -a [alternative]
Head templates: {{head|cv|suffix|front vowel variant|-е}} -а • (-a) (front vowel variant -е)
  1. (non-productive) Forms diminutives Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-cv-suffix-TEMR9sew
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix [Komi-Zyrian]

IPA: /-a/, [-ä] Forms: -a [alternative], [soft, stem, variant]
Head templates: {{head|kpv|suffix|soft stem variant|-я}} -а • (-a) (soft stem variant -я)
  1. Used to form nouns describing the quality of an adjective; -ness Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-kpv-suffix-IoMuCKiQ Categories (other): Komi-Zyrian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Komi-Zyrian entries with incorrect language header: 49 9 42
  2. Used to form adjectives having a characteristic of a noun; -like, -ly Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-kpv-suffix-yHDDs1cW
  3. Used to form postpositions measuring the preceding noun in the quality of an adjective; as ... as Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-kpv-suffix-aF9oDJmm Categories (other): Komi-Zyrian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Komi-Zyrian entries with incorrect language header: 49 9 42

Suffix [Macedonian]

IPA: [a] Forms: -a [alternative]
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|mk|sla-pro|*-a|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *-a, {{inh+|mk|sla-pro|*-a}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a Head templates: {{head|mk|suffix}} -а • (-a)
  1. За Стамбола, за Солуна Битола не давам. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-mk-suffix-0TSc9LdG
  2. За Стамбола, за Солуна Битола не давам. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-mk-suffix-ZwuqmbJU
  3. За Стамбола, за Солуна Битола не давам. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-mk-suffix-Y1SUb2pD Categories (other): Macedonian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Macedonian entries with incorrect language header: 0 17 29 0 14 12 0 13 15
  4. Брат брата не рани, тешко кој го нема. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-mk-suffix-Vp27dFb4
  5. Брат брата не рани, тешко кој го нема. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-mk-suffix-mFHLrZM3
  6. Брат брата не рани, тешко кој го нема. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-mk-suffix-lqo41B~c
  7. Јас Методи Патче од Охрида ослободен од битолски затвор. Па си тргнав за Охрида града, там' не најдов ни мајка, ни татко. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-mk-suffix-Y~wYzn87
  8. Јас Методи Патче од Охрида ослободен од битолски затвор. Па си тргнав за Охрида града, там' не најдов ни мајка, ни татко. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-mk-suffix-dfk0HWy3
  9. Јас Методи Патче од Охрида ослободен од битолски затвор. Па си тргнав за Охрида града, там' не најдов ни мајка, ни татко. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-mk-suffix-hM2irxNU
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: -та (-ta)

Suffix [Russian]

IPA: [ə] Forms: -a [alternative]
Head templates: {{head|ru|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes|cat3=diminutive suffixes}} -а • (-a)
  1. Noun-forming suffix used to form diminutives of proper names; used after a hard (unpalatalized) consonant. Tags: morpheme Synonyms: (-ja) (english: used after a soft consonant)
    Sense id: en--а-ru-suffix-ngPI8tHK Categories (other): Pages with 7 entries, Pages with entries, Russian entries with incorrect language header, Russian nouns with accent pattern a, Russian terms in nonstandard scripts Disambiguation of Pages with 7 entries: 6 1 1 4 7 3 2 1 5 4 1 3 0 3 5 0 2 2 0 2 2 9 7 7 3 6 3 7 4 1 1 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 7 1 1 4 8 3 1 1 5 3 1 3 0 3 5 0 2 2 0 2 2 10 7 7 3 7 3 7 3 0 0 Disambiguation of Russian entries with incorrect language header: 40 29 30 Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern a: 27 36 37 Disambiguation of Russian terms in nonstandard scripts: 37 33 30
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix [Russian]

IPA: [ə]
Etymology: From early Proto-Slavic *-ja. Etymology templates: {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*-ja}} Proto-Slavic *-ja Head templates: {{head|ru|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes}} -а • (-a) Forms: -a [alternative], no-table-tags [table-tags], [nominative, singular], [nominative, plural], -i [nominative, plural], [genitive, singular], -i [genitive, singular], no suffix [genitive, plural], [dative, singular], -ам [dative, plural], [accusative, singular], [accusative, plural], -i [accusative, plural], -ей [instrumental, singular], -ею [instrumental, singular], -ами [instrumental, plural], [prepositional, singular], -ах [plural, prepositional]
  1. Noun-forming suffix used to form abstract nouns and agent nouns from prefixed stems ending in a consonant that becomes a hushing consonant (ш ж ч щ) when iotated. The final consonant of the stem is iotated before this suffix. Tags: morpheme Synonyms: -а — non-iotating (-a)
    Sense id: en--а-ru-suffix--NTRaimp Categories (other): Russian nouns with accent pattern a, Russian terms in nonstandard scripts Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern a: 27 36 37 Disambiguation of Russian terms in nonstandard scripts: 37 33 30
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix [Russian]

IPA: [ə]
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ru|sla-pro|*-a|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *-a, {{inh+|ru|sla-pro|*-a}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a Head templates: {{head|ru|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes}} -а • (-a) Forms: -a [alternative], no-table-tags [table-tags], [nominative, singular], [nominative, plural], [genitive, singular], no suffix [genitive, plural], [dative, singular], -ам [dative, plural], [accusative, singular], [accusative, plural], -ой [instrumental, singular], -ою [instrumental, singular], -ами [instrumental, plural], [prepositional, singular], -ах [plural, prepositional]
  1. Noun-forming suffix used to form abstract nouns and agent nouns from prefixed stems. The final consonant of the stem is not iotated before this suffix. Tags: morpheme Synonyms: -а — iotating (-a)
    Sense id: en--а-ru-suffix-9mWPrfc7 Categories (other): Russian nouns with accent pattern a, Russian terms in nonstandard scripts Disambiguation of Russian nouns with accent pattern a: 27 36 37 Disambiguation of Russian terms in nonstandard scripts: 37 33 30
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Suffix [Serbo-Croatian]

Forms: -a [romanization]
Head templates: {{sh-suffix}} -а (Latin spelling -a)
  1. Suffix appended to words (usually verbal stems) to create a feminine noun, usually denoting a relation or to form a proper noun. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-sh-suffix-f82pD-H6
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix [Serbo-Croatian]

Forms: -a [romanization]
Etymology: Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a, from Proto-Indo-European *-ōd, the thematic ablative ending. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|sh|sla-pro|*-a|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Slavic *-a, {{inh+|sh|sla-pro|*-a}} Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a, {{inh|sh|ine-pro|*-ōd}} Proto-Indo-European *-ōd Head templates: {{sh-suffix}} -а (Latin spelling -a)
  1. Forms the genitive singular of masculine and neuter nouns and indefinite adjectives. Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-sh-suffix-xeZUDbm2 Categories (other): Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header: 37 63
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix [Ukrainian]

Forms: -a [alternative]
Etymology: Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a), from Old East Slavic -а (-a), from Proto-Slavic *-a. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|uk|zle-ort|-а|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Ruthenian -а (-a), {{inh+|uk|zle-ort|-а}} Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a), {{inh|uk|orv|-а}} Old East Slavic -а (-a), {{inh|uk|sla-pro|*-a}} Proto-Slavic *-a Head templates: {{head|uk|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes}} -а • (-a)
  1. used to form feminine deverbal nouns denoting a result, process or an abstract concept Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-uk-suffix-BayCCMID
  2. used to form gender neutral nouns denoting a person characterized by the root word Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-uk-suffix-3Wkn3UAR Categories (other): Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header: 19 48 19 7 7
  3. used to form feminine counterparts of masculine nouns Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--а-uk-suffix-8tdt2An~
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix [Ukrainian]

Forms: -a [alternative]
Etymology: Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a), from Old East Slavic -а (-a), from Proto-Slavic *-ja. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|uk|zle-ort|-а|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Ruthenian -а (-a), {{inh+|uk|zle-ort|-а}} Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a), {{inh|uk|orv|-а}} Old East Slavic -а (-a), {{inh|uk|sla-pro|*-ja}} Proto-Slavic *-ja Head templates: {{head|uk|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes}} -а • (-a)
  1. Alternative form of -я (-ja) used after ч ж ш щ Tags: alt-of, alternative, morpheme Alternative form of: (extra: (-ja) used after ч ж ш щ)
    Sense id: en--а-uk-suffix-lmBjSKQc
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: -я — after consonants other than ч ж ш щ (-ja)
Etymology number: 2

Suffix [Ukrainian]

Forms: -a [alternative]
Etymology: Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a), from Old East Slavic -а (-a), from Proto-Slavic *-ę. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|uk|zle-ort|-а|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Ruthenian -а (-a), {{inh+|uk|zle-ort|-а}} Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a), {{inh|uk|orv|-а}} Old East Slavic -а (-a), {{inh|uk|sla-pro|*-ę}} Proto-Slavic *-ę Head templates: {{head|uk|suffix|cat2=noun-forming suffixes}} -а • (-a)
  1. Alternative form of -я (-ja) used after ч ж ш щ Tags: alt-of, alternative, morpheme Alternative form of: (extra: (-ja) used after ч ж ш щ)
    Sense id: en--а-uk-suffix-lmBjSKQc1
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: -я — after consonants other than ч ж ш щ (-ja)
Etymology number: 3

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ьje",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьje",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ьje"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьje",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьje. Variant used after non-palatalizable consonants.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Belarusian",
  "lang_code": "be",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "(-je); used after ш, ч, ж formed as a result of the Slavic first palatalization, as well as sometimes after р",
          "word": "-е"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "48 13 3 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Belarusian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "па- (pa-, “across, along”) + грані́ца (hraníca, “border”) + -а (-a) → паграні́чча (pahraníčča, “region along the border”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "за- (za-) + ці́хі (cíxi, “quiet, still”) + -а (-a) → заці́шша (zacíšša, “lull, calm”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "без- (bjez-, “without”) + даро́га (daróha, “path”) + -а (-a) → бездаро́жжа (bjezdaróžža, “impassibility”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "па- (pa-) + ве́цер (vjécjer, “wind”) + -а (-a) → паве́тра (pavjétra, “air”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -е (-je); used after ш, ч, ж formed as a result of the Slavic first palatalization, as well as sometimes after р."
      ],
      "id": "en--а-be-suffix-PuBwZUbp",
      "links": [
        [
          "-е",
          "-е#Belarusian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[a]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-je",
      "word": "-е"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Belarusian",
        "Latin"
      ],
      "word": "-a — Łacinka"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-a",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-a",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-a"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-ōd"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-ōd",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a, from Proto-Indo-European *-ōd, the thematic ablative ending.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Belarusian",
  "lang_code": "be",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "дом (dom, “building”) + -а (-a) → до́ма (dóma, “of a/the building, a/the building's”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "крыло́ (kryló, “wing”) + -а (-a) → крыла́ (krylá, “of a/the wing, a/the wing's”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms the genitive singular of most masculine and neuter nouns."
      ],
      "id": "en--а-be-suffix-Iom49-bd",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Forms the count form of some nouns."
      ],
      "id": "en--а-be-suffix-3Ge~IiB6",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "form": "-а",
      "ipa": "[a]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈa]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Belarusian",
        "Latin"
      ],
      "word": "-a — Łacinka"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "alt": "-ʹ",
      "roman": "-ja",
      "word": "-я — used for nouns ending in -ь"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-j",
      "word": "-й"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru,uk",
        "2": "-о"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian and Ukrainian -о (-o)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compare Russian and Ukrainian -о (-o).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Belarusian",
  "lang_code": "be",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ху́ткі (xútki, “quick”) + -а (-a) → ху́тка (xútka, “quickly”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "да́ўні (dáŭni, “old”) + -а (-a) → даўно́ (daŭnó, “long time ago”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Suffix added to adjectives to produce adverbs"
      ],
      "id": "en--а-be-suffix-O0OuUk-y",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "-ó",
          "tags": [
            "stressed"
          ],
          "word": "-о́"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-je",
      "word": "-е"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Belarusian",
        "Latin"
      ],
      "word": "-a — Łacinka"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cv",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "front vowel variant",
        "4": "-е"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a) (front vowel variant -е)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chuvash",
  "lang_code": "cv",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "44 17 5 3 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chuvash entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "пӑх (păh, “to look”) + -а (-a) → пӑха (păh̬a, “supervisor”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms agent nouns: -er, -or"
      ],
      "id": "en--а-cv-suffix-oXgV5RPx",
      "links": [
        [
          "agent nouns",
          "agent noun"
        ],
        [
          "-er",
          "-er"
        ],
        [
          "-or",
          "-or"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "пӑр (păr, “to turn”) + -а (-a) → пӑра (păra, “drill”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms instrument nouns by means of which the action is performed"
      ],
      "id": "en--а-cv-suffix-y3oJydbt",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "вит (vit, “to cover”) + -а (-a) → вите (vit̬e, “stable”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms resultative nouns"
      ],
      "id": "en--а-cv-suffix-RubPMWLs",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ҫарат (śarat, “to clear”) + -а (-a) → ҫарата (śarat̬a, “meadow”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms nouns of location"
      ],
      "id": "en--а-cv-suffix-MbSjTn76",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cv",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "front vowel variant",
        "4": "-е"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a) (front vowel variant -е)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chuvash",
  "lang_code": "cv",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ҫӳҫ (śüś, “hair”) + -а (-a) → ҫӳҫе (śüś̬e, “fringe”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "мӑй (măj, “neck”) + -а (-a) → мӑя (măja, “necklace”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms diminutives"
      ],
      "id": "en--а-cv-suffix-TEMR9sew",
      "links": [
        [
          "productive",
          "productive"
        ],
        [
          "diminutives",
          "diminutive"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) Forms diminutives"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-я",
      "tags": [
        "soft",
        "stem",
        "variant"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kpv",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "soft stem variant",
        "4": "-я"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a) (soft stem variant -я)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
  "lang_code": "kpv",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "49 9 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Komi-Zyrian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form nouns describing the quality of an adjective; -ness"
      ],
      "id": "en--а-kpv-suffix-IoMuCKiQ",
      "links": [
        [
          "-ness",
          "-ness"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form adjectives having a characteristic of a noun; -like, -ly"
      ],
      "id": "en--а-kpv-suffix-yHDDs1cW",
      "links": [
        [
          "-like",
          "-like"
        ],
        [
          "-ly",
          "-ly"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "49 9 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Komi-Zyrian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form postpositions measuring the preceding noun in the quality of an adjective; as ... as"
      ],
      "id": "en--а-kpv-suffix-aF9oDJmm",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-a/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-ä]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-a",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-a",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-a"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Macedonian",
  "lang_code": "mk",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "roman": "-ta",
      "word": "-та"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "За Стамбола, за Солуна Битола не давам."
      ],
      "id": "en--а-mk-suffix-0TSc9LdG",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "За Стамбола, за Солуна Битола не давам.\nZa Stambola, za Soluna Bitola ne davam.\nFor Salonica, for Istanbul, I wouldn't give Bitola.",
        "Za Stambola, za Soluna Bitola ne davam."
      ],
      "id": "en--а-mk-suffix-ZwuqmbJU",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "За Стамбола, за Солуна Битола не давам."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 17 29 0 14 12 0 13 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "За Стамбола, за Солуна Битола не давам.\nZa Stambola, za Soluna Bitola ne davam.\nFor Salonica, for Istanbul, I wouldn't give Bitola.",
        "For Salonica, for Istanbul, I wouldn't give Bitola."
      ],
      "id": "en--а-mk-suffix-Y1SUb2pD",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "За Стамбола, за Солуна Битола не давам."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Брат брата не рани, тешко кој го нема."
      ],
      "id": "en--а-mk-suffix-Vp27dFb4",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Брат брата не рани, тешко кој го нема.\nBrat brata ne rani, teško koj go nema.\nBrother doesn't wound brother, hard is it for him, who doesn't have him.",
        "Brat brata ne rani, teško koj go nema."
      ],
      "id": "en--а-mk-suffix-mFHLrZM3",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Брат брата не рани, тешко кој го нема."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Брат брата не рани, тешко кој го нема.\nBrat brata ne rani, teško koj go nema.\nBrother doesn't wound brother, hard is it for him, who doesn't have him.",
        "Brother doesn't wound brother, hard is it for him, who doesn't have him."
      ],
      "id": "en--а-mk-suffix-lqo41B~c",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Брат брата не рани, тешко кој го нема."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Јас Методи Патче од Охрида ослободен од битолски затвор. Па си тргнав за Охрида града, там' не најдов ни мајка, ни татко."
      ],
      "id": "en--а-mk-suffix-Y~wYzn87",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Јас Методи Патче од Охрида ослободен од битолски затвор. Па си тргнав за Охрида града, там' не најдов ни мајка, ни татко.\nJas Metodi Patče od Ohrida osloboden od bitolski zatvor. Pa si trgnav za Ohrida grada, tam' ne najdov ni majka, ni tatko.\nI, Metodi Patče from Ohrid, freed from a prison in Bitola. So I set forth for the city of Ohrid, there I found neither mother nor father.",
        "Jas Metodi Patče od Ohrida osloboden od bitolski zatvor. Pa si trgnav za Ohrida grada, tam' ne najdov ni majka, ni tatko."
      ],
      "id": "en--а-mk-suffix-dfk0HWy3",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Јас Методи Патче од Охрида ослободен од битолски затвор. Па си тргнав за Охрида града, там' не најдов ни мајка, ни татко."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Јас Методи Патче од Охрида ослободен од битолски затвор. Па си тргнав за Охрида града, там' не најдов ни мајка, ни татко.\nJas Metodi Patče od Ohrida osloboden od bitolski zatvor. Pa si trgnav za Ohrida grada, tam' ne najdov ni majka, ni tatko.\nI, Metodi Patče from Ohrid, freed from a prison in Bitola. So I set forth for the city of Ohrid, there I found neither mother nor father.",
        "I, Metodi Patče from Ohrid, freed from a prison in Bitola. So I set forth for the city of Ohrid, there I found neither mother nor father."
      ],
      "id": "en--а-mk-suffix-hM2irxNU",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Јас Методи Патче од Охрида ослободен од битолски затвор. Па си тргнав за Охрида града, там' не најдов ни мајка, ни татко."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[a]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
        "cat3": "diminutive suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "6 1 1 4 7 3 2 1 5 4 1 3 0 3 5 0 2 2 0 2 2 9 7 7 3 6 3 7 4 1 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 7 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 1 1 4 8 3 1 1 5 3 1 3 0 3 5 0 2 2 0 2 2 10 7 7 3 7 3 7 3 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "40 29 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 36 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 33 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Noun-forming suffix used to form diminutives of proper names; used after a hard (unpalatalized) consonant."
      ],
      "id": "en--а-ru-suffix-ngPI8tHK",
      "links": [
        [
          "suffix",
          "suffix#English"
        ],
        [
          "diminutive",
          "diminutive#English"
        ],
        [
          "proper name",
          "proper name#English"
        ],
        [
          "hard",
          "hard#English"
        ],
        [
          "unpalatalized",
          "unpalatalized#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "english": "used after a soft consonant",
          "roman": "-ja",
          "word": "-я"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ə]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ja"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ja",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From early Proto-Slavic *-ja.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sibilant-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-а",
      "roman": "-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-i",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-i",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no suffix",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-е",
      "roman": "-e",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ам",
      "roman": "-am",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-у",
      "roman": "-u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-i",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ей",
      "roman": "-ej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ею",
      "roman": "-eju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ами",
      "roman": "-ami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-е",
      "roman": "-e",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ах",
      "roman": "-ax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 36 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 33 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "по- (po-) + клад- (klad-, “to lay, to put”) + -а (-a) → покла́жа (pokláža, “load”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "пропа́д- (propád-, “to disappear”) + -а (-a) → пропа́жа (propáža, “disappearance, loss”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "пред- (pred-, “before”) + тек- (tek-, “to flow”) + -а (-a) → предте́ча (predtéča, “forerunner, precursor”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "переда́т- (peredát-, “to broadcast”) + -а (-a) → переда́ча (peredáča, “broadcast”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Noun-forming suffix used to form abstract nouns and agent nouns from prefixed stems ending in a consonant that becomes a hushing consonant (ш ж ч щ) when iotated. The final consonant of the stem is iotated before this suffix."
      ],
      "id": "en--а-ru-suffix--NTRaimp",
      "links": [
        [
          "suffix",
          "suffix#English"
        ],
        [
          "abstract noun",
          "Appendix:Glossary#abstract_noun"
        ],
        [
          "agent noun",
          "Appendix:Glossary#agent_noun"
        ],
        [
          "ш",
          "ш#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "ж",
          "ж#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "ч",
          "ч#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "щ",
          "щ#Russian"
        ],
        [
          "iotated",
          "Appendix:Glossary#iotation"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "-a",
          "word": "-а — non-iotating"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ə]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-a",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-a",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-a"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hard-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-а",
      "roman": "-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ы",
      "roman": "-y",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ы",
      "roman": "-y",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no suffix",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-е",
      "roman": "-e",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ам",
      "roman": "-am",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-у",
      "roman": "-u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ы",
      "roman": "-y",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ой",
      "roman": "-oj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ою",
      "roman": "-oju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ами",
      "roman": "-ami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-е",
      "roman": "-e",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ах",
      "roman": "-ax",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "prepositional"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 36 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "37 33 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Russian terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "про- (pro-) + сек- (sek-, “to cut”) + -а (-a) → про́сека (próseka, “path cleared in a forest”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "от- (ot-) + рад (rad, “glad”) + -а (-a) → отра́да (otráda, “joy”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Noun-forming suffix used to form abstract nouns and agent nouns from prefixed stems. The final consonant of the stem is not iotated before this suffix."
      ],
      "id": "en--а-ru-suffix-9mWPrfc7",
      "links": [
        [
          "suffix",
          "suffix#English"
        ],
        [
          "abstract noun",
          "Appendix:Glossary#abstract_noun"
        ],
        [
          "agent noun",
          "Appendix:Glossary#agent_noun"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "-a",
          "word": "-а — iotating"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ə]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-а (Latin spelling -a)",
      "name": "sh-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
  "lang_code": "sh",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Suffix appended to words (usually verbal stems) to create a feminine noun, usually denoting a relation or to form a proper noun."
      ],
      "id": "en--а-sh-suffix-f82pD-H6",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-a",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-a",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-a"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-ōd"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-ōd",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a, from Proto-Indo-European *-ōd, the thematic ablative ending.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "-а (Latin spelling -a)",
      "name": "sh-suffix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
  "lang_code": "sh",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "37 63",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms the genitive singular of masculine and neuter nouns and indefinite adjectives."
      ],
      "id": "en--а-sh-suffix-xeZUDbm2",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "zle-ort",
        "3": "-а",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Ruthenian -а (-a)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "zle-ort",
        "3": "-а"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "-а"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic -а (-a)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-a"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-a",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a), from Old East Slavic -а (-a), from Proto-Slavic *-a.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ukrainian",
  "lang_code": "uk",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "загати́ти pf (zahatýty, “to dam up”) + -а (-a) → зага́та f (zaháta, “dam”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "змогти́ pf (zmohtý, “to be able to, to manage to”) + -а (-a) → змо́га f (zmóha, “ability, possibility, opportunity”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "сплати́ти pf (splatýty, “to pay”) + -а (-a) → спла́та f (spláta, “pay, payment”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "послужи́ти pf (poslužýty, “to serve”) + -а (-a) → по́слуга f (pósluha, “service”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "позичи́ти pf (pozyčýty, “to borrow, to lend”) + -а (-a) → по́зика f (pózyka, “loan”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form feminine deverbal nouns denoting a result, process or an abstract concept"
      ],
      "id": "en--а-uk-suffix-BayCCMID",
      "links": [
        [
          "deverbal",
          "deverbal#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 48 19 7 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "не- (ne-, “not”) + чепури́тися impf (čepurýtysja, “to smarten oneself up, to preen”) + -а (-a) → нечепу́ра gender-neutral (nečepúra, “a slovenly/unkempt person”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "при- (pry-) + ве́ред m (véred, “whim, caprice”) + -а (-a) → привере́да gender-neutral (pryveréda, “a picky/capricious person”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "нікче́м(ний) (nikčém(nyj), “good-for-nothing, worthless, insignificant”) + -а (-a) → нікче́ма gender-neutral (nikčéma, “good-for-nothing, looser, zero, nonentity, crumb”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form gender neutral nouns denoting a person characterized by the root word"
      ],
      "id": "en--а-uk-suffix-3Wkn3UAR",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ону́к, вну́к m (onúk, vnúk, “grandson”) + -а (-a) → ону́ка, вну́ка f (onúka, vnúka, “granddaughter”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "по- (po-) + друг m (druh, “male friend”) + -а (-a) → по́друга f (pódruha, “female friend”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "раб m (rab, “male slave”) + -а (-a) → раба́ f (rabá, “female slave”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used to form feminine counterparts of masculine nouns"
      ],
      "id": "en--а-uk-suffix-8tdt2An~",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "zle-ort",
        "3": "-а",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Ruthenian -а (-a)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "zle-ort",
        "3": "-а"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "-а"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic -а (-a)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ja"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ja",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a), from Old East Slavic -а (-a), from Proto-Slavic *-ja.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ukrainian",
  "lang_code": "uk",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "(-ja) used after ч ж ш щ",
          "word": "-я"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "зада́ти pf (zadáty, “to assign, to raise (question)”) + -я (-ja) → зада́ча f (zadáča, “task, problem”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "огороди́ти pf (ohorodýty, “to fence in, to enclose”) + -я (-ja) → огоро́жа f (ohoróža, “fence”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "пло́ский (plóskyj, “flat”) + -я (-ja) → пло́ща f (plóšča, “square”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "ти́хий (týxyj, “quiet, silent”) + -я (-ja) → ти́ша f (týša, “silence, quietness”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "утекти́ pf (utektý, “to flee, to escape”) + -я (-ja) → уте́ча f (utéča, “flight, run”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -я (-ja) used after ч ж ш щ"
      ],
      "id": "en--а-uk-suffix-lmBjSKQc",
      "links": [
        [
          "-я",
          "-я#Ukrainian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ja",
      "word": "-я — after consonants other than ч ж ш щ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "zle-ort",
        "3": "-а",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Ruthenian -а (-a)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "zle-ort",
        "3": "-а"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "-а"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic -а (-a)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ę"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ę",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a), from Old East Slavic -а (-a), from Proto-Slavic *-ę.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ukrainian",
  "lang_code": "uk",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "(-ja) used after ч ж ш щ",
          "word": "-я"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ку́рка f (kúrka, “chicken”) + -я (-ja) → курча́ n (kurčá, “chick”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "верблю́д m (verbljúd, “camel”) + -я (-ja) → верблюжа́ n (verbljužá, “camel calf”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "ведмі́дь m (vedmídʹ, “bear”) + -я (-ja) → ведмежа́ n (vedmežá, “bear cub”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -я (-ja) used after ч ж ш щ"
      ],
      "id": "en--а-uk-suffix-lmBjSKQc1",
      "links": [
        [
          "-я",
          "-я#Ukrainian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "-ja",
      "word": "-я — after consonants other than ч ж ш щ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Belarusian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Belarusian lemmas",
    "Belarusian noun-forming suffixes",
    "Belarusian suffixes",
    "Belarusian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Belarusian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Belarusian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ьje",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ьje",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ьje"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьje",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьje. Variant used after non-palatalizable consonants.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Belarusian",
  "lang_code": "be",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "(-je); used after ш, ч, ж formed as a result of the Slavic first palatalization, as well as sometimes after р",
          "word": "-е"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "па- (pa-, “across, along”) + грані́ца (hraníca, “border”) + -а (-a) → паграні́чча (pahraníčča, “region along the border”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "за- (za-) + ці́хі (cíxi, “quiet, still”) + -а (-a) → заці́шша (zacíšša, “lull, calm”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "без- (bjez-, “without”) + даро́га (daróha, “path”) + -а (-a) → бездаро́жжа (bjezdaróžža, “impassibility”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "па- (pa-) + ве́цер (vjécjer, “wind”) + -а (-a) → паве́тра (pavjétra, “air”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -е (-je); used after ш, ч, ж formed as a result of the Slavic first palatalization, as well as sometimes after р."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-е",
          "-е#Belarusian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[a]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "-je",
      "word": "-е"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Belarusian",
        "Latin"
      ],
      "word": "-a — Łacinka"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Belarusian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Belarusian lemmas",
    "Belarusian suffixes",
    "Belarusian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Belarusian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Belarusian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Belarusian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Belarusian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-a",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-a",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-a"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-ōd"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-ōd",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a, from Proto-Indo-European *-ōd, the thematic ablative ending.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Belarusian",
  "lang_code": "be",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "дом (dom, “building”) + -а (-a) → до́ма (dóma, “of a/the building, a/the building's”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "крыло́ (kryló, “wing”) + -а (-a) → крыла́ (krylá, “of a/the wing, a/the wing's”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms the genitive singular of most masculine and neuter nouns."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Forms the count form of some nouns."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "form": "-а",
      "ipa": "[a]"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈa]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "alt": "-ʹ",
      "roman": "-ja",
      "word": "-я — used for nouns ending in -ь"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-j",
      "word": "-й"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Belarusian",
        "Latin"
      ],
      "word": "-a — Łacinka"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Belarusian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Belarusian lemmas",
    "Belarusian suffixes",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru,uk",
        "2": "-о"
      },
      "expansion": "Russian and Ukrainian -о (-o)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Compare Russian and Ukrainian -о (-o).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "be",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Belarusian",
  "lang_code": "be",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ху́ткі (xútki, “quick”) + -а (-a) → ху́тка (xútka, “quickly”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "да́ўні (dáŭni, “old”) + -а (-a) → даўно́ (daŭnó, “long time ago”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Suffix added to adjectives to produce adverbs"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "-je",
      "word": "-е"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ó",
      "tags": [
        "stressed"
      ],
      "word": "-о́"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Belarusian",
        "Latin"
      ],
      "word": "-a — Łacinka"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Chuvash entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chuvash lemmas",
    "Chuvash suffixes",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cv",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "front vowel variant",
        "4": "-е"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a) (front vowel variant -е)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chuvash",
  "lang_code": "cv",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "пӑх (păh, “to look”) + -а (-a) → пӑха (păh̬a, “supervisor”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms agent nouns: -er, -or"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "agent nouns",
          "agent noun"
        ],
        [
          "-er",
          "-er"
        ],
        [
          "-or",
          "-or"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "пӑр (păr, “to turn”) + -а (-a) → пӑра (păra, “drill”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms instrument nouns by means of which the action is performed"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "вит (vit, “to cover”) + -а (-a) → вите (vit̬e, “stable”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms resultative nouns"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ҫарат (śarat, “to clear”) + -а (-a) → ҫарата (śarat̬a, “meadow”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms nouns of location"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Chuvash entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chuvash lemmas",
    "Chuvash suffixes",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cv",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "front vowel variant",
        "4": "-е"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a) (front vowel variant -е)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chuvash",
  "lang_code": "cv",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ҫӳҫ (śüś, “hair”) + -а (-a) → ҫӳҫе (śüś̬e, “fringe”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "мӑй (măj, “neck”) + -а (-a) → мӑя (măja, “necklace”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms diminutives"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "productive",
          "productive"
        ],
        [
          "diminutives",
          "diminutive"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "non-productive",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(non-productive) Forms diminutives"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Komi-Zyrian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Komi-Zyrian lemmas",
    "Komi-Zyrian suffixes",
    "Komi-Zyrian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-я",
      "tags": [
        "soft",
        "stem",
        "variant"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kpv",
        "2": "suffix",
        "3": "soft stem variant",
        "4": "-я"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a) (soft stem variant -я)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
  "lang_code": "kpv",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form nouns describing the quality of an adjective; -ness"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-ness",
          "-ness"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form adjectives having a characteristic of a noun; -like, -ly"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-like",
          "-like"
        ],
        [
          "-ly",
          "-ly"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form postpositions measuring the preceding noun in the quality of an adjective; as ... as"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/-a/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[-ä]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Macedonian 1-syllable words",
    "Macedonian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Macedonian lemmas",
    "Macedonian oxytone terms",
    "Macedonian suffixes",
    "Macedonian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Macedonian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Macedonian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-a",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-a",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-a"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a",
      "name": "inh+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-a.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mk",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Macedonian",
  "lang_code": "mk",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "-ta",
      "word": "-та"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Macedonian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "За Стамбола, за Солуна Битола не давам."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Macedonian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "За Стамбола, за Солуна Битола не давам.\nZa Stambola, za Soluna Bitola ne davam.\nFor Salonica, for Istanbul, I wouldn't give Bitola.",
        "Za Stambola, za Soluna Bitola ne davam."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "За Стамбола, за Солуна Битола не давам."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Macedonian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "За Стамбола, за Солуна Битола не давам.\nZa Stambola, za Soluna Bitola ne davam.\nFor Salonica, for Istanbul, I wouldn't give Bitola.",
        "For Salonica, for Istanbul, I wouldn't give Bitola."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "За Стамбола, за Солуна Битола не давам."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Macedonian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Брат брата не рани, тешко кој го нема."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Macedonian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Брат брата не рани, тешко кој го нема.\nBrat brata ne rani, teško koj go nema.\nBrother doesn't wound brother, hard is it for him, who doesn't have him.",
        "Brat brata ne rani, teško koj go nema."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Брат брата не рани, тешко кој го нема."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Macedonian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Брат брата не рани, тешко кој го нема.\nBrat brata ne rani, teško koj go nema.\nBrother doesn't wound brother, hard is it for him, who doesn't have him.",
        "Brother doesn't wound brother, hard is it for him, who doesn't have him."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Брат брата не рани, тешко кој го нема."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Macedonian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Јас Методи Патче од Охрида ослободен од битолски затвор. Па си тргнав за Охрида града, там' не најдов ни мајка, ни татко."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Macedonian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Јас Методи Патче од Охрида ослободен од битолски затвор. Па си тргнав за Охрида града, там' не најдов ни мајка, ни татко.\nJas Metodi Patče od Ohrida osloboden od bitolski zatvor. Pa si trgnav za Ohrida grada, tam' ne najdov ni majka, ni tatko.\nI, Metodi Patče from Ohrid, freed from a prison in Bitola. So I set forth for the city of Ohrid, there I found neither mother nor father.",
        "Jas Metodi Patče od Ohrida osloboden od bitolski zatvor. Pa si trgnav za Ohrida grada, tam' ne najdov ni majka, ni tatko."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Јас Методи Патче од Охрида ослободен од битолски затвор. Па си тргнав за Охрида града, там' не најдов ни мајка, ни татко."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Macedonian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Јас Методи Патче од Охрида ослободен од битолски затвор. Па си тргнав за Охрида града, там' не најдов ни мајка, ни татко.\nJas Metodi Patče od Ohrida osloboden od bitolski zatvor. Pa si trgnav za Ohrida grada, tam' ne najdov ni majka, ni tatko.\nI, Metodi Patče from Ohrid, freed from a prison in Bitola. So I set forth for the city of Ohrid, there I found neither mother nor father.",
        "I, Metodi Patče from Ohrid, freed from a prison in Bitola. So I set forth for the city of Ohrid, there I found neither mother nor father."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "Јас Методи Патче од Охрида ослободен од битолски затвор. Па си тргнав за Охрида града, там' не најдов ни мајка, ни татко."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[a]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Russian 1-syllable words",
    "Russian diminutive suffixes",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian hard-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns",
    "Russian hard-stem feminine-form nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian noun-forming suffixes",
    "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
    "Russian suffixes",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
        "cat3": "diminutive suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Russian",
  "lang_code": "ru",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Noun-forming suffix used to form diminutives of proper names; used after a hard (unpalatalized) consonant."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "suffix",
          "suffix#English"
        ],
        [
          "diminutive",
          "diminutive#English"
        ],
        [
          "proper name",
          "proper name#English"
        ],
        [
          "hard",
          "hard#English"
        ],
        [
          "unpalatalized",
          "unpalatalized#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ə]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "used after a soft consonant",
      "roman": "-ja",
      "word": "-я"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Russian 1-syllable words",
    "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Russian hard-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns",
    "Russian hard-stem feminine-form nouns",
    "Russian lemmas",
    "Russian noun-forming suffixes",
    "Russian nouns with accent pattern a",
    "Russian sibilant-stem feminine-form accent-a nouns",
    "Russian sibilant-stem feminine-form nouns",
    "Russian suffixes",
    "Russian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms in nonstandard scripts",
    "Russian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Russian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ru",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ja"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ja",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From early Proto-Slavic *-ja.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ru-noun-table",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sibilant-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "accent-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-а",
      "roman": "-a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-i",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-i",
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        "singular"
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        "plural"
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      "form": "-е",
      "roman": "-e",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ам",
      "roman": "-am",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-у",
      "roman": "-u",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-и",
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    {
      "form": "-i",
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        "accusative",
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    {
      "form": "-ей",
      "roman": "-ej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ею",
      "roman": "-eju",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ами",
      "roman": "-ami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-е",
      "roman": "-e",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "prepositional",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ах",
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          "text": "по- (po-) + клад- (klad-, “to lay, to put”) + -а (-a) → покла́жа (pokláža, “load”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "пропа́д- (propád-, “to disappear”) + -а (-a) → пропа́жа (propáža, “disappearance, loss”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "пред- (pred-, “before”) + тек- (tek-, “to flow”) + -а (-a) → предте́ча (predtéča, “forerunner, precursor”)"
        },
        {
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        {
          "text": "от- (ot-) + рад (rad, “glad”) + -а (-a) → отра́да (otráda, “joy”)"
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        {
          "text": "змогти́ pf (zmohtý, “to be able to, to manage to”) + -а (-a) → змо́га f (zmóha, “ability, possibility, opportunity”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "сплати́ти pf (splatýty, “to pay”) + -а (-a) → спла́та f (spláta, “pay, payment”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "послужи́ти pf (poslužýty, “to serve”) + -а (-a) → по́слуга f (pósluha, “service”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "позичи́ти pf (pozyčýty, “to borrow, to lend”) + -а (-a) → по́зика f (pózyka, “loan”)"
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        },
        {
          "text": "при- (pry-) + ве́ред m (véred, “whim, caprice”) + -а (-a) → привере́да gender-neutral (pryveréda, “a picky/capricious person”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "нікче́м(ний) (nikčém(nyj), “good-for-nothing, worthless, insignificant”) + -а (-a) → нікче́ма gender-neutral (nikčéma, “good-for-nothing, looser, zero, nonentity, crumb”)"
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        },
        {
          "text": "по- (po-) + друг m (druh, “male friend”) + -а (-a) → по́друга f (pódruha, “female friend”)"
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        {
          "text": "раб m (rab, “male slave”) + -а (-a) → раба́ f (rabá, “female slave”)"
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        },
        {
          "text": "огороди́ти pf (ohorodýty, “to fence in, to enclose”) + -я (-ja) → огоро́жа f (ohoróža, “fence”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "пло́ский (plóskyj, “flat”) + -я (-ja) → пло́ща f (plóšča, “square”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "ти́хий (týxyj, “quiet, silent”) + -я (-ja) → ти́ша f (týša, “silence, quietness”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "утекти́ pf (utektý, “to flee, to escape”) + -я (-ja) → уте́ча f (utéča, “flight, run”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -я (-ja) used after ч ж ш щ"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-я",
          "-я#Ukrainian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "-ja",
      "word": "-я — after consonants other than ч ж ш щ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Ukrainian lemmas",
    "Ukrainian noun-forming suffixes",
    "Ukrainian suffixes",
    "Ukrainian terms derived from Old East Slavic",
    "Ukrainian terms derived from Old Ruthenian",
    "Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
    "Ukrainian terms inherited from Old East Slavic",
    "Ukrainian terms inherited from Old Ruthenian",
    "Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
    "Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "zle-ort",
        "3": "-а",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Ruthenian -а (-a)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "zle-ort",
        "3": "-а"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a)",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "orv",
        "3": "-а"
      },
      "expansion": "Old East Slavic -а (-a)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-ę"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-ę",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Ruthenian -а (-a), from Old East Slavic -а (-a), from Proto-Slavic *-ę.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-a",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "uk",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-а • (-a)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Ukrainian",
  "lang_code": "uk",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "(-ja) used after ч ж ш щ",
          "word": "-я"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "ку́рка f (kúrka, “chicken”) + -я (-ja) → курча́ n (kurčá, “chick”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "верблю́д m (verbljúd, “camel”) + -я (-ja) → верблюжа́ n (verbljužá, “camel calf”)"
        },
        {
          "text": "ведмі́дь m (vedmídʹ, “bear”) + -я (-ja) → ведмежа́ n (vedmežá, “bear cub”)"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of -я (-ja) used after ч ж ш щ"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-я",
          "-я#Ukrainian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative",
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "-ja",
      "word": "-я — after consonants other than ч ж ш щ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-а"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -а meaning in All languages combined (32.7kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: front vowel variant -е",
  "path": [
    "-а"
  ],
  "section": "Chuvash",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-а",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
  "msg": "unrecognized head form: front vowel variant -е",
  "path": [
    "-а"
  ],
  "section": "Chuvash",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-а",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "extractor.en.page.sense_template_fn/1415",
  "msg": "Example template is used for gloss text",
  "path": [
    "-а",
    "Template:ux",
    "TEMPLATE_FN"
  ],
  "section": "Macedonian",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-а",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "extractor.en.page.sense_template_fn/1415",
  "msg": "Example template is used for gloss text",
  "path": [
    "-а",
    "Template:ux",
    "TEMPLATE_FN"
  ],
  "section": "Macedonian",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-а",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "extractor.en.page.sense_template_fn/1415",
  "msg": "Example template is used for gloss text",
  "path": [
    "-а",
    "Template:ux",
    "TEMPLATE_FN"
  ],
  "section": "Macedonian",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-а",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.