See 百姓 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 百姓 meaning in All languages combined (44.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "備百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "备百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zhǐ xǔ zhōuguān fànghuǒ, bùxǔ bǎixìng diǎndēng",
"word": "只許州官放火，不許百姓點燈／只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "小百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "平等百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "平章百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "平頭百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "平头百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "百姓之心"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "百姓公"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "lǎobǎixìng",
"word": "老百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "黎民百姓"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "百姓"
},
"expansion": "百姓",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "百%姓",
"2": "ひゃく%しょう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "百(ひゃく)姓(しょう) (hyakushō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "百%姓",
"2": "はく%せい",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "百(はく)姓(せい) (hakusei)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "百%姓",
"2": "ひゃく%せい",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "百(ひゃく)姓(せい) (hyakusei)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "百%姓",
"2": "ひゃく%そう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "百(ひゃく)姓(そう) (hyakusō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "백성(百姓)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 백성(百姓) (baekseong)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "百姓",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "百姓",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "bá tánh",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "百姓"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: bá tánh (百姓)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "百姓",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "百姓",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "bách tính",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "百姓"
},
"expansion": "bách tính (百姓)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "百姓",
"2": "ひゃく%しょう",
"3": "백성",
"4": "bá tánh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "百姓",
"j2": "はく%せい",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "ひゃく%せい",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "ひゃく%そう",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "百姓",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "百%姓",
"v": "百姓",
"v2": "bách tính",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (百姓):\n* → Japanese: 百(ひゃく)姓(しょう) (hyakushō); 百(はく)姓(せい) (hakusei); 百(ひゃく)姓(せい) (hyakusei); 百(ひゃく)姓(そう) (hyakusō)\n* → Korean: 백성(百姓) (baekseong)\n* → Vietnamese: bá tánh (百姓), bách tính (百姓)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "ひゃく%しょう",
"3": "백성",
"4": "bá tánh",
"j": "百%姓",
"j2": "はく%せい",
"j3": "ひゃく%せい",
"j4": "ひゃく%そう",
"v2": "bách tính"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (百姓):\n* → Japanese: 百(ひゃく)姓(しょう) (hyakushō); 百(はく)姓(せい) (hakusei); 百(ひゃく)姓(せい) (hyakusei); 百(ひゃく)姓(そう) (hyakusō)\n* → Korean: 백성(百姓) (baekseong)\n* → Vietnamese: bá tánh (百姓), bách tính (百姓)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (百姓):\n* → Japanese: 百(ひゃく)姓(しょう) (hyakushō); 百(はく)姓(せい) (hakusei); 百(ひゃく)姓(せい) (hyakusei); 百(ひゃく)姓(そう) (hyakusō)\n* → Korean: 백성(百姓) (baekseong)\n* → Vietnamese: bá tánh (百姓), bách tính (百姓)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trăm họ",
"bor": "1",
"calque": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: trăm họ (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: trăm họ (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "beksingq",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Zhuang: beksingq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Zhuang: beksingq"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "百生"
},
"expansion": "百生",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "多生"
},
"expansion": "多生",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Earliest attested in the Zhou dynasty's texts (also written as 百生 (bǎixìng ~ bǎishēng) on some bronze inscriptions); further linked to the expression 多生 (duōshēng) on the oracle bone inscriptions.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "百姓",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "zh:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "People",
"orig": "zh:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to keep the common people in the dark",
"roman": "yúmèi bǎixìng",
"text": "愚昧百姓",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "群黎百姓、徧為爾德。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "群黎百姓、徧为尔德。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nQúnlí bǎixìng, biàn wéi ěr dé. [Pinyin]\nThe black-haired populace – the hundred clans – universally practise your virtue.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "My heart grieves, as though drunken; who's presiding over the state's ordering? (The king) himself governs not, and ends up wearing out the hundred clans.",
"ref": "憂心如酲、誰秉國成？不自為政、卒勞百姓。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "忧心如酲、谁秉国成？不自为政、卒劳百姓。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nYōuxīn rú chéng, shéi bǐng guóchéng? Bù zì wéizhèng, zú láo bǎixìng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I, on behalf of the people throughout the world, [hereby] express my gratitude for the kindness of the empress dowager!",
"ref": "奴才替天下百姓感激皇太后恩典！ [MSC, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "From: The Firmament of the Pleiades\nNúcái tì tiānxià bǎixìng gǎnjī huángtàihòu ēndiǎn! [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the common people; the masses; ordinary citizens"
],
"id": "en-百姓-zh-noun-~Q6F2mD2",
"links": [
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"masses",
"masses"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Chinese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:rfv-pron",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Collectives",
"orig": "zh:Collectives",
"parents": [
"Miscellaneous",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The nine family branches were then close kin; the [nobles officials of the] hundred surnames were made even and distinguished.",
"ref": "九族既睦，平章百姓。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "From: The Book of Documents, circa 4ᵗʰ – 3ʳᵈ century BCE\nJiǔzú jì mù, píngzhāng bǎixìng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "One person took the good as model, and there was calm and harmony among the hundred clans. Can one do anything other than strive for it?",
"ref": "一人刑善，百姓休和。可不務乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "一人刑善，百姓休和。可不务乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the \"Spring and Autumn Annals\" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg\nYīrén xíng shàn, bǎixìng xiūhé. Kě bù wù hū? [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"all kinds of government officials"
],
"id": "en-百姓-zh-noun-Kcc12b1K",
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"government",
"government"
],
[
"official",
"official"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, Classical) all kinds of government officials"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "bǎixìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "bóxìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄞˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄛˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "быйщин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "bɨyxin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "baak³ sing³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "'bet⁶ xin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pak-siang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "peh-sèⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "peh-sìⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "peeh-sèⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "bêh⁴ sên²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁷paq-shin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "bǎixìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄞˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bǎisìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "pai³-hsing⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bǎi-syìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "baeshinq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "байсин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "bajsin"
},
{
"ipa": "/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "bóxìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄛˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bósìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "po²-hsing⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bwó-syìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "borshinq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "босин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "bosin"
},
{
"ipa": "/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pei²⁴ ɕiŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "baak sing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "baak⁸ sing³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "bag³ xing³"
},
{
"ipa": "/paːk̚³ sɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "'bet⁶ xin⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛt̚⁵ ɕin³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pak-siang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bag` xiang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bag⁵ xiang⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/pak̚² si̯aŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "peh-sènn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "pehsvex"
},
{
"ipa": "/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ sẽ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "peh-sìnn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "pehsvix"
},
{
"ipa": "/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sĩ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁵ sĩ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Philippines",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sĩ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "peeh-sènn"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɛ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sɛ̃²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "peh séⁿ"
},
{
"ipa": "/peʔ²⁻⁴ sẽ⁵²⁻²¹/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁷paq-shin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "pah^入 shin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁴paq-xin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/paʔ³³ ɕin⁴⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "paek sjengH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*pˤrak seŋ-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*praːɡ sleŋs/"
},
{
"other": "/ peh-sìⁿ /"
},
{
"ipa": "/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pei²⁴ ɕiŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/paːk̚³ sɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛt̚⁵ ɕin³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pak̚² si̯aŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ sẽ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sĩ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁵ sĩ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sĩ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɛ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sɛ̃²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/peʔ²⁻⁴ sẽ⁵²⁻²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/paʔ³³ ɕin⁴⁴/"
},
{
"other": "/*pˤrak seŋ-s/"
},
{
"other": "/*praːɡ sleŋs/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yībānrén",
"word": "一般人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shìrén",
"word": "世人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "世間人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "世间人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "rénshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "人士"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "rénmín",
"word": "人民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "rénqún",
"word": "人群"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "rénméng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "人萌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "súrén",
"word": "俗人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "súzǐ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "俗子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "𫣆人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zhàomín",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "兆民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngzhòng",
"word": "公眾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gōngzhòng",
"word": "公众"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "fánrén",
"word": "凡人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "fánfū",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "凡夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pǐfū",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "匹夫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Teochew"
],
"word": "四眾人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Teochew"
],
"word": "四众人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shìrén",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "士人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dàzhòng",
"word": "大眾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "dàzhòng",
"word": "大众"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zǐmín",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "子民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "jiārén",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "家人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bùyī",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "布衣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "chángrén",
"word": "常人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "píngrén",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "平人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "píngchángrén",
"word": "平常人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "píngmín",
"word": "平民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shùrén",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "庶人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shùmín",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "庶民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "sīrén",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "斯人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "pǔtōngrén",
"word": "普通人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "mínrén",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "民人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "mínzhòng",
"word": "民眾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "mínzhòng",
"word": "民众"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zhēngmín",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "烝民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "báiyī",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "白衣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "báiyīrén",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "白衣人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "báishēn",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "白身"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "báishēnrén",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "白身人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zhòngrén",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "眾人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zhòngrén",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "众人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "wànxìng",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "萬姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "wànxìng",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "万姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qúnzhòng",
"word": "群眾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qúnzhòng",
"word": "群众"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "lǎobǎixìng",
"word": "老百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "liángrén",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "良人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "the worthless ordinary people",
"roman": "cǎomín",
"word": "草民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "cǎojiān",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese",
"figuratively"
],
"word": "草菅"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "cǎoyě",
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary"
],
"word": "草野"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "萌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "yěrén",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "野人"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "líshù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "黎庶"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "límín",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "黎民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "líshǒu",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "黎首"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "qiánshǒu",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "黔首"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "shùliáo",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "庶僚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bǎiguān",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "百官"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "bǎibì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "百辟"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zhòngguān",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "眾官"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "zhòngguān",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "众官"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Zhou dynasty",
"bronze inscriptions",
"oracle bone inscriptions"
],
"word": "百姓"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hyakushō ikki",
"word": "百姓一揆: a peasant' revolt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "uprising"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "a kind of tax system in the medieval period, whereby local influential families would undertake local tax administration on behalf of the lord",
"roman": "hyakushō uke",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓請",
"ひゃくしょううけ"
]
],
"word": "百姓請け, 百姓請"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hyakushō ōrai",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓往来",
"ひゃくしょうおうらい"
]
],
"word": "百姓往来: educational materials for commoners' children"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hyakushō shigoto",
"word": "百姓仕事: commoners' work"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "farm work"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hyakushō dai",
"word": "百姓代: during the Edo period"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "the administrative head"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "advocate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "and representative of a village's commoners"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "the commoner class, the peasant or agricultural caste",
"roman": "hyakushō bun",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓分",
"ひゃくしょうぶん"
]
],
"word": "百姓分"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "百姓家"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hyakushō ya",
"word": "百姓屋: a commoner's house"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "a farmhouse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "百姓読み"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hyakushō yomi",
"word": "百姓読: reading kanji in one's own way"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "guessing the reading and"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "or meaning for each character based on its shape"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "component elements"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "urabyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"浦",
"うら"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "浦百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ōbyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"大",
"おお"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "大百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "osabyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"長",
"おさ"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "長百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "otonabyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"乙",
"おと"
],
[
"名",
"な"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "乙名百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ondenbyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"隠",
"おん"
],
[
"田",
"でん"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "隠田百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kadobyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"門",
"かど"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "門百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kobyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"小",
"こ"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "小百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "komaebyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"小",
"こ"
],
[
"前",
"まえ"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "小前百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "sōbyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"惣",
"そう"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "惣百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "takamochibyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"高",
"たか"
],
[
"持",
"もち"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "高持百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "tsuburebyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"潰",
"つぶ"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "潰れ百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dobyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"土",
"ど"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "土百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "donbyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "どん百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "hikanbyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"被",
"ひ"
],
[
"官",
"かん"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "被官百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "honbyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "本百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "mizunomibyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"水",
"みず"
],
[
"呑",
"の"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "水呑み百姓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wakibyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"脇",
"わき"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "脇百姓"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ひゃくしょう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "百姓",
"lit": "hundred clans",
"tr": "paek sjengᴴ"
},
"expansion": "百姓 (paek sjengᴴ, literally “hundred clans”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hak",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hakka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "百姓",
"tr": "pak-siang"
},
"expansion": "百姓 (pak-siang)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "続日本紀",
"tr": "Shoku Nihongi"
},
"expansion": "続日本紀 (Shoku Nihongi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 百姓 (paek sjengᴴ, literally “hundred clans”). Compare modern Hakka 百姓 (pak-siang).\nThe goon reading, so likely an earlier borrowing.\nFirst cited to the 続日本紀 (Shoku Nihongi) in a portion dated to 701 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "百姓",
"ruby": [
[
"百",
"ひゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "fyakusyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ひやくしやう",
"roman": "fyakusyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ひゃくしょう",
"hhira": "ひやくしやう"
},
"expansion": "百(ひゃく)姓(しょう) • (hyakushō) ^(←ひやくしやう (fyakusyau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "taking one's pleasure the same as a commoner",
"roman": "hyakushō to tanoshimi o onajūsu",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓",
"ひゃくしょう"
],
[
"楽",
"たの"
],
[
"同",
"おな"
]
],
"word": "百姓と楽しみを同じゅうす: → a lord must know the joys and pains of the people"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "commoners and oil [sources] give more the harder you squeeze",
"roman": "hyakushō to abura wa shiboru hodo deru",
"word": "百姓と油は絞るほど出る: → the more you demand of the people"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "the more you get. Compare blood from a stone of roughly opposite meaning."
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "the complaints of the peasants and the boasting of the doctors",
"roman": "hyakushō no nakigoto to isha no tegarabanashi",
"word": "百姓の泣き言と医者の手柄話: → a contrast between peasants complaining of poor harvests in a bid to reduce their tax liabilities"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "against the feats of doctors who will do their utmost to treat even a terminal patient: by extension"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "an exhortation to put in 101% without grumbling about it"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "a peasant's tale of last year",
"roman": "hyakushō no kozo monogatari",
"word": "百姓の去年物語: → alluding to how peasants would often claim that last year's harvest was better than this year"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "in a bid to reduce their tax liabilities"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "a peasant's manufactured collapse",
"roman": "hyakushō no tsukuridaore",
"word": "百姓の作り倒れ: → describing how peasants working too hard can result in too much produce on the market"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "causing a price collapse and sizable losses: to be one's own undoing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "to defeat oneself by working too hard"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "a peasant's autumn lord",
"roman": "hyakushō no aki daimyō",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓",
"ひゃくしょう"
],
[
"秋大名",
"あきだいみょう"
]
],
"word": "百姓の秋大名: → a metaphor for how the autumn season following the harvest is a time of bounty for commoners"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "splitting up fields; splitting up a commoner's inheritance amounts to a parceling out of fields / to complete nonsense; nonsense",
"roman": "hyakushō no shomuwake de tawake tsukusu",
"word": "百姓の所務分けで田分け尽くす: → a pun on the reading tawake for both 田分け and 戯け ()"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "based on how dividing up fields for every generation's inheritance ultimately leads to very small plots and inefficient farming"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "like cutting a commoner",
"roman": "hyakushō no hito o kitta yō",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓",
"ひゃくしょう"
],
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"斬",
"き"
]
],
"word": "百姓の人を斬ったよう: → a big commotion"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "like holding down a commoner's goose",
"roman": "hyakushō no gan o osaeta yō",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓",
"ひゃくしょう"
],
[
"雁",
"がん"
],
[
"押",
"お"
]
],
"word": "百姓の雁を押さえたよう: → a big commotion"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "a commoner's breath [i.e. spirit] can reach heaven",
"roman": "hyakushō no iki ga ten ni noboru",
"word": "百姓の息が天に昇る: → where there's a will, there's a way"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "no matter how weak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "peasants' talk of poor harvests and merchants' talk of business losses",
"roman": "hyakushō no fusakubanashi to akindo no sonbanashi",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓",
"ひゃくしょう"
],
[
"不作話",
"ふさくばなし"
],
[
"商人",
"あきんど"
],
[
"損話",
"そんばなし"
]
],
"word": "百姓の不作話と商人の損話: → farmers and businessmen always grumble about how things aren't going well"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "a commoner's all-around abilities; now farmer",
"roman": "hyakushō no bannō",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓",
"ひゃくしょう"
],
[
"万能",
"ばんのう"
]
],
"word": "百姓の万能: → alluding to how a peasant had to be self-reliant and a jack-of-all-trades"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"alt": "ひゃくしょう ひゃく いろ",
"word": "百姓百色: “a hundred commoners"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "commoners",
"word": "a hundred colors” → the word might be a collective noun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "but the people included in that category are various and sundry"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 16 4 10 10 9 9 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 13 7 8 12 11 11 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 13 7 8 12 11 11 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 16 6 10 9 6 6 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 19 11 10 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 14 7 7 11 10 10 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "57 20 10 11 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 16 16 13 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a farmer; a peasant; the peasantry in general",
"country bumpkin"
],
"id": "en-百姓-ja-noun-SGNlNW8h",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"farmer",
"farmer"
],
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
],
[
"peasantry",
"peasantry"
],
[
"bumpkin",
"bumpkin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical or derogatory) a farmer; a peasant; the peasantry in general",
"(derogatory) country bumpkin"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "農民"
},
{
"word": "農家"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"a farmer; a peasant; the peasantry in general",
"in reference to the Edo period, short for 本百姓 (honbyakushō, “the hundred commoner families”, a class of farmers with specific rights and responsibilities)"
],
"id": "en-百姓-ja-noun-EIhKgEVe",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"farmer",
"farmer"
],
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
],
[
"peasantry",
"peasantry"
],
[
"本百姓",
"本百姓#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical or derogatory) a farmer; a peasant; the peasantry in general",
"(historical) in reference to the Edo period, short for 本百姓 (honbyakushō, “the hundred commoner families”, a class of farmers with specific rights and responsibilities)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "農民"
},
{
"word": "農家"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You are from a peasant family, aren't you?",
"roman": "Kisama, hyakushō no umare da na?",
"ruby": [
[
"百",
"ひゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
],
[
"生",
"う"
]
],
"text": "きさま、百姓の生まれだな？"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a farmer; a peasant; the peasantry in general"
],
"id": "en-百姓-ja-noun-SSHr4JVm",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"farmer",
"farmer"
],
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
],
[
"peasantry",
"peasantry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical or derogatory) a farmer; a peasant; the peasantry in general"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "農民"
},
{
"word": "農家"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"commoners, the common people; the masses; ordinary citizens"
],
"id": "en-百姓-ja-noun-wJ6GxPdq",
"links": [
[
"commoner",
"commoner"
],
[
"masses",
"masses"
],
[
"citizens",
"citizens"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) commoners, the common people; the masses; ordinary citizens"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "公民"
},
{
"word": "民衆"
},
{
"_dis1": "20 16 15 49",
"roman": "ōmitakara",
"ruby": [
[
"大御宝",
"おおみたから"
]
],
"sense": "the people",
"tags": [
"poetic"
],
"word": "大御宝"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひゃくしょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ça̠kɯ̟̊ᵝɕo̞ː]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "inakamono",
"ruby": [
[
"田舎者",
"いなかもの"
]
],
"word": "田舎者"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shoku Nihongi",
"ja:続日本紀"
],
"word": "百姓"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ひゃくしょう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "百姓",
"lit": "hundred clans",
"tr": "paek sjengᴴ"
},
"expansion": "百姓 (paek sjengᴴ, literally “hundred clans”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hak",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hakka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "百姓",
"tr": "pak-siang"
},
"expansion": "百姓 (pak-siang)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "続日本紀",
"tr": "Shoku Nihongi"
},
"expansion": "続日本紀 (Shoku Nihongi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 百姓 (paek sjengᴴ, literally “hundred clans”). Compare modern Hakka 百姓 (pak-siang).\nThe goon reading, so likely an earlier borrowing.\nFirst cited to the 続日本紀 (Shoku Nihongi) in a portion dated to 701 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "百姓する",
"ruby": [
[
"百",
"ひゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "fyakusyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓し",
"roman": "hyakushō shi",
"ruby": [
[
"百",
"ひゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓した",
"roman": "hyakushō shita",
"ruby": [
[
"百",
"ひゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to farm, to till the fields"
],
"id": "en-百姓-ja-verb-FOUq1kuW",
"links": [
[
"farm",
"farm"
],
[
"till",
"till"
],
[
"field",
"field"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひゃくしょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ça̠kɯ̟̊ᵝɕo̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shoku Nihongi",
"ja:続日本紀"
],
"word": "百姓"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "はくせい"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Kan'on reading of both characters, influenced by later borrowing from Middle Chinese.\nCited to the mid-Muromachi period, roughly the 1400s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "百姓",
"ruby": [
[
"百",
"はく"
],
[
"姓",
"せい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hakusei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "はくせい"
},
"expansion": "百(はく)姓(せい) • (hakusei)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"See under Etymology 1"
],
"id": "en-百姓-ja-noun-i~I4J87Y",
"links": [
[
"Etymology 1",
"百姓#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) See under Etymology 1"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ha̠kɯ̟ᵝse̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Muromachi period"
],
"word": "百姓"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ひゃくせい"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Kan'on reading of the second character, influenced by later borrowing from Middle Chinese.\nFirst cited to a text from 1776.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "百姓",
"ruby": [
[
"百",
"ひゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"せい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakusei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "fyakusei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ひやくせい",
"roman": "fyakusei",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ひゃくせい",
"hhira": "ひやくせい"
},
"expansion": "百(ひゃく)姓(せい) • (hyakusei) ^(←ひやくせい (fyakusei)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"See under Etymology 1"
],
"id": "en-百姓-ja-noun-i~I4J87Y1",
"links": [
[
"Etymology 1",
"百姓#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) See under Etymology 1"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひゃくせー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ça̠kɯ̟ᵝse̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "百姓"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Non-palatalized variant of hyakushō reading, commonly found in writings from the Heian period through the Muromachi period.\nFirst cited to the Utsubo Monogatari of roughly 999 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "百姓",
"ruby": [
[
"百",
"ひゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"そう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakusō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "fyakusau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ひやくさう",
"roman": "fyakusau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ひゃくそう",
"hhira": "ひやくさう"
},
"expansion": "百(ひゃく)姓(そう) • (hyakusō) ^(←ひやくさう (fyakusau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"See under Etymology 1"
],
"id": "en-百姓-ja-noun-i~I4J87Y1",
"links": [
[
"Etymology 1",
"百姓#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) See under Etymology 1"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ça̠kɯ̟ᵝso̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Utsubo Monogatari"
],
"word": "百姓"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "baekseong",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "백성",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "백성"
},
"expansion": "百姓 • (baekseong) (hangeul 백성)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "The populace; the common people",
"word": "백성"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 백성 (“The populace; the common people”)."
],
"id": "en-百姓-ko-noun-gZm7savl",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"백성",
"백성#Korean"
],
[
"populace",
"populace"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "百姓"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "百姓",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "百姓",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of bá tánh (“the commoners; the common folk; the citizens”)."
],
"id": "en-百姓-vi-noun-UKxvBVOj",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"bá tánh",
"bá tánh#Vietnamese"
],
[
"commoner",
"commoner"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"folk",
"folk"
],
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
]
}
],
"word": "百姓"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Pages using bad params when calling Template:rfv-pron",
"Requests for references for pronunciations in Mandarin entries",
"zh:Collectives",
"zh:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "備百姓"
},
{
"word": "备百姓"
},
{
"roman": "zhǐ xǔ zhōuguān fànghuǒ, bùxǔ bǎixìng diǎndēng",
"word": "只許州官放火，不許百姓點燈／只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯"
},
{
"word": "小百姓"
},
{
"word": "平等百姓"
},
{
"word": "平章百姓"
},
{
"word": "平頭百姓"
},
{
"word": "平头百姓"
},
{
"word": "百姓之心"
},
{
"word": "百姓公"
},
{
"roman": "lǎobǎixìng",
"word": "老百姓"
},
{
"word": "黎民百姓"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "百姓"
},
"expansion": "百姓",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Japanese:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "百%姓",
"2": "ひゃく%しょう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "百(ひゃく)姓(しょう) (hyakushō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "百%姓",
"2": "はく%せい",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "百(はく)姓(せい) (hakusei)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "百%姓",
"2": "ひゃく%せい",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "百(ひゃく)姓(せい) (hyakusei)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "百%姓",
"2": "ひゃく%そう",
"gloss": ""
},
"expansion": "百(ひゃく)姓(そう) (hyakusō)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "백성(百姓)",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"t2": "",
"t3": "",
"t4": ""
},
"expansion": "→ Korean: 백성(百姓) (baekseong)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "百姓",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "百姓",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "bá tánh",
"bor": "1",
"t": "",
"tr": "百姓"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: bá tánh (百姓)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "百姓",
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "百姓",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "bách tính",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"tr": "百姓"
},
"expansion": "bách tính (百姓)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "百姓",
"2": "ひゃく%しょう",
"3": "백성",
"4": "bá tánh",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"h": "百姓",
"j2": "はく%せい",
"j2t": "",
"j3": "ひゃく%せい",
"j3t": "",
"j4": "ひゃく%そう",
"j4t": "",
"jdesc": "",
"jje2": "",
"jje2t": "",
"jje3": "",
"jje3t": "",
"jje4": "",
"jje4t": "",
"jjedesc": "",
"jjet": "",
"jt": "",
"k2": "",
"k2t": "",
"k3": "",
"k3t": "",
"k4": "",
"k4t": "",
"kdesc": "",
"kt": "",
"o": "百姓",
"o2": "",
"o2t": "",
"o3": "",
"o3t": "",
"o4": "",
"o4t": "",
"odesc": "",
"ot": "",
"s": "百%姓",
"v": "百姓",
"v2": "bách tính",
"v2t": "",
"v3": "",
"v3t": "",
"v4": "",
"v4t": "",
"vdesc": "",
"vt": ""
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (百姓):\n* → Japanese: 百(ひゃく)姓(しょう) (hyakushō); 百(はく)姓(せい) (hakusei); 百(ひゃく)姓(せい) (hyakusei); 百(ひゃく)姓(そう) (hyakusō)\n* → Korean: 백성(百姓) (baekseong)\n* → Vietnamese: bá tánh (百姓), bách tính (百姓)",
"name": "CJKV/code"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "ひゃく%しょう",
"3": "백성",
"4": "bá tánh",
"j": "百%姓",
"j2": "はく%せい",
"j3": "ひゃく%せい",
"j4": "ひゃく%そう",
"v2": "bách tính"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Xenic (百姓):\n* → Japanese: 百(ひゃく)姓(しょう) (hyakushō); 百(はく)姓(せい) (hakusei); 百(ひゃく)姓(せい) (hyakusei); 百(ひゃく)姓(そう) (hyakusō)\n* → Korean: 백성(百姓) (baekseong)\n* → Vietnamese: bá tánh (百姓), bách tính (百姓)",
"name": "CJKV"
}
],
"text": "Sino-Xenic (百姓):\n* → Japanese: 百(ひゃく)姓(しょう) (hyakushō); 百(はく)姓(せい) (hakusei); 百(ひゃく)姓(せい) (hyakusei); 百(ひゃく)姓(そう) (hyakusō)\n* → Korean: 백성(百姓) (baekseong)\n* → Vietnamese: bá tánh (百姓), bách tính (百姓)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trăm họ",
"bor": "1",
"calque": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Vietnamese: trăm họ (calque)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Vietnamese: trăm họ (calque)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "za",
"2": "beksingq",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Zhuang: beksingq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Zhuang: beksingq"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "百生"
},
"expansion": "百生",
"name": "lang"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "多生"
},
"expansion": "多生",
"name": "lang"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Earliest attested in the Zhou dynasty's texts (also written as 百生 (bǎixìng ~ bǎishēng) on some bronze inscriptions); further linked to the expression 多生 (duōshēng) on the oracle bone inscriptions.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "百姓",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"Mandarin terms with quotations",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to keep the common people in the dark",
"roman": "yúmèi bǎixìng",
"text": "愚昧百姓",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "群黎百姓、徧為爾德。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "群黎百姓、徧为尔德。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nQúnlí bǎixìng, biàn wéi ěr dé. [Pinyin]\nThe black-haired populace – the hundred clans – universally practise your virtue.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "My heart grieves, as though drunken; who's presiding over the state's ordering? (The king) himself governs not, and ends up wearing out the hundred clans.",
"ref": "憂心如酲、誰秉國成？不自為政、卒勞百姓。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "忧心如酲、谁秉国成？不自为政、卒劳百姓。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nYōuxīn rú chéng, shéi bǐng guóchéng? Bù zì wéizhèng, zú láo bǎixìng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I, on behalf of the people throughout the world, [hereby] express my gratitude for the kindness of the empress dowager!",
"ref": "奴才替天下百姓感激皇太后恩典！ [MSC, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "From: The Firmament of the Pleiades\nNúcái tì tiānxià bǎixìng gǎnjī huángtàihòu ēndiǎn! [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the common people; the masses; ordinary citizens"
],
"links": [
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"masses",
"masses"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with obsolete senses",
"Classical Chinese",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The nine family branches were then close kin; the [nobles officials of the] hundred surnames were made even and distinguished.",
"ref": "九族既睦，平章百姓。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "From: The Book of Documents, circa 4ᵗʰ – 3ʳᵈ century BCE\nJiǔzú jì mù, píngzhāng bǎixìng. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "One person took the good as model, and there was calm and harmony among the hundred clans. Can one do anything other than strive for it?",
"ref": "一人刑善，百姓休和。可不務乎？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "一人刑善，百姓休和。可不务乎？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the \"Spring and Autumn Annals\" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg\nYīrén xíng shàn, bǎixìng xiūhé. Kě bù wù hū? [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"all kinds of government officials"
],
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind"
],
[
"government",
"government"
],
[
"official",
"official"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, Classical) all kinds of government officials"
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "bǎixìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "bóxìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄞˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄛˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "быйщин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "bɨyxin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "I-I"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "baak³ sing³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "'bet⁶ xin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pak-siang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "peh-sèⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "peh-sìⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "peeh-sèⁿ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "bêh⁴ sên²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁷paq-shin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "bǎixìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄞˇ ㄒㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bǎisìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "pai³-hsing⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bǎi-syìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "baeshinq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "байсин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "bajsin"
},
{
"ipa": "/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "bóxìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄅㄛˊ ㄒㄧㄥˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "bósìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "po²-hsing⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "bwó-syìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "borshinq"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "босин"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "bosin"
},
{
"ipa": "/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pei²⁴ ɕiŋ²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Dungan",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "baak sing"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "baak⁸ sing³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "bag³ xing³"
},
{
"ipa": "/paːk̚³ sɪŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "'bet⁶ xin⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛt̚⁵ ɕin³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "pak-siang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bag` xiang"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "bag⁵ xiang⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/pak̚² si̯aŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "peh-sènn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "pehsvex"
},
{
"ipa": "/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ sẽ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "peh-sìnn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "pehsvix"
},
{
"ipa": "/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sĩ¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁵ sĩ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Philippines",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sĩ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "peeh-sènn"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɛ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sɛ̃²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "peh séⁿ"
},
{
"ipa": "/peʔ²⁻⁴ sẽ⁵²⁻²¹/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁷paq-shin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "pah^入 shin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁴paq-xin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/paʔ³³ ɕin⁴⁴/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "paek sjengH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*pˤrak seŋ-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*praːɡ sleŋs/"
},
{
"other": "/ peh-sìⁿ /"
},
{
"ipa": "/paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɕiŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pu̯ɔ³⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pei²⁴ ɕiŋ²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/paːk̚³ sɪŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɛt̚⁵ ɕin³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pak̚² si̯aŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ sẽ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sĩ¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pe(ʔ)⁵ sĩ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sĩ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pɛ(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ sɛ̃²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/peʔ²⁻⁴ sẽ⁵²⁻²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/paʔ³³ ɕin⁴⁴/"
},
{
"other": "/*pˤrak seŋ-s/"
},
{
"other": "/*praːɡ sleŋs/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "yībānrén",
"word": "一般人"
},
{
"roman": "shìrén",
"word": "世人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "世間人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "世间人"
},
{
"roman": "rénshì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "人士"
},
{
"roman": "rénmín",
"word": "人民"
},
{
"roman": "rénqún",
"word": "人群"
},
{
"roman": "rénméng",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "人萌"
},
{
"roman": "súrén",
"word": "俗人"
},
{
"roman": "súzǐ",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "俗子"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka"
],
"word": "𫣆人"
},
{
"roman": "zhàomín",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "兆民"
},
{
"roman": "gōngzhòng",
"word": "公眾"
},
{
"roman": "gōngzhòng",
"word": "公众"
},
{
"roman": "fánrén",
"word": "凡人"
},
{
"roman": "fánfū",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "凡夫"
},
{
"roman": "pǐfū",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "匹夫"
},
{
"tags": [
"Teochew"
],
"word": "四眾人"
},
{
"tags": [
"Teochew"
],
"word": "四众人"
},
{
"roman": "shìrén",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "士人"
},
{
"roman": "dàzhòng",
"word": "大眾"
},
{
"roman": "dàzhòng",
"word": "大众"
},
{
"roman": "zǐmín",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "子民"
},
{
"roman": "jiārén",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "家人"
},
{
"roman": "bùyī",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "布衣"
},
{
"roman": "chángrén",
"word": "常人"
},
{
"roman": "píngrén",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "平人"
},
{
"roman": "píngchángrén",
"word": "平常人"
},
{
"roman": "píngmín",
"word": "平民"
},
{
"roman": "shùrén",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "庶人"
},
{
"roman": "shùmín",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "庶民"
},
{
"roman": "sīrén",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese"
],
"word": "斯人"
},
{
"roman": "pǔtōngrén",
"word": "普通人"
},
{
"roman": "mínrén",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "民人"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhòng",
"word": "民眾"
},
{
"roman": "mínzhòng",
"word": "民众"
},
{
"roman": "zhēngmín",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "烝民"
},
{
"roman": "báiyī",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "白衣"
},
{
"roman": "báiyīrén",
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"word": "白衣人"
},
{
"roman": "báishēn",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "白身"
},
{
"roman": "báishēnrén",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "白身人"
},
{
"roman": "zhòngrén",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "眾人"
},
{
"roman": "zhòngrén",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "众人"
},
{
"roman": "wànxìng",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "萬姓"
},
{
"roman": "wànxìng",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "万姓"
},
{
"roman": "qúnzhòng",
"word": "群眾"
},
{
"roman": "qúnzhòng",
"word": "群众"
},
{
"roman": "lǎobǎixìng",
"word": "老百姓"
},
{
"roman": "liángrén",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "良人"
},
{
"english": "the worthless ordinary people",
"roman": "cǎomín",
"word": "草民"
},
{
"roman": "cǎojiān",
"tags": [
"Classical-Chinese",
"figuratively"
],
"word": "草菅"
},
{
"roman": "cǎoyě",
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary"
],
"word": "草野"
},
{
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "萌"
},
{
"roman": "yěrén",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "野人"
},
{
"roman": "líshù",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "黎庶"
},
{
"roman": "límín",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "黎民"
},
{
"roman": "líshǒu",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "黎首"
},
{
"roman": "qiánshǒu",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "黔首"
},
{
"roman": "shùliáo",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "庶僚"
},
{
"roman": "bǎiguān",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "百官"
},
{
"roman": "bǎibì",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "百辟"
},
{
"roman": "zhòngguān",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "眾官"
},
{
"roman": "zhòngguān",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "众官"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Zhou dynasty",
"bronze inscriptions",
"oracle bone inscriptions"
],
"word": "百姓"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "hyakushō ikki",
"word": "百姓一揆: a peasant' revolt"
},
{
"word": "uprising"
},
{
"english": "a kind of tax system in the medieval period, whereby local influential families would undertake local tax administration on behalf of the lord",
"roman": "hyakushō uke",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓請",
"ひゃくしょううけ"
]
],
"word": "百姓請け, 百姓請"
},
{
"roman": "hyakushō ōrai",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓往来",
"ひゃくしょうおうらい"
]
],
"word": "百姓往来: educational materials for commoners' children"
},
{
"roman": "hyakushō shigoto",
"word": "百姓仕事: commoners' work"
},
{
"word": "farm work"
},
{
"roman": "hyakushō dai",
"word": "百姓代: during the Edo period"
},
{
"word": "the administrative head"
},
{
"word": "advocate"
},
{
"word": "and representative of a village's commoners"
},
{
"english": "the commoner class, the peasant or agricultural caste",
"roman": "hyakushō bun",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓分",
"ひゃくしょうぶん"
]
],
"word": "百姓分"
},
{
"word": "百姓家"
},
{
"roman": "hyakushō ya",
"word": "百姓屋: a commoner's house"
},
{
"word": "a farmhouse"
},
{
"word": "百姓読み"
},
{
"roman": "hyakushō yomi",
"word": "百姓読: reading kanji in one's own way"
},
{
"word": "guessing the reading and"
},
{
"word": "or meaning for each character based on its shape"
},
{
"word": "component elements"
},
{
"roman": "urabyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"浦",
"うら"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "浦百姓"
},
{
"roman": "ōbyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"大",
"おお"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "大百姓"
},
{
"roman": "osabyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"長",
"おさ"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "長百姓"
},
{
"roman": "otonabyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"乙",
"おと"
],
[
"名",
"な"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "乙名百姓"
},
{
"roman": "ondenbyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"隠",
"おん"
],
[
"田",
"でん"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "隠田百姓"
},
{
"roman": "kadobyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"門",
"かど"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "門百姓"
},
{
"roman": "kobyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"小",
"こ"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "小百姓"
},
{
"roman": "komaebyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"小",
"こ"
],
[
"前",
"まえ"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "小前百姓"
},
{
"roman": "sōbyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"惣",
"そう"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "惣百姓"
},
{
"roman": "takamochibyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"高",
"たか"
],
[
"持",
"もち"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "高持百姓"
},
{
"roman": "tsuburebyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"潰",
"つぶ"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "潰れ百姓"
},
{
"roman": "dobyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"土",
"ど"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "土百姓"
},
{
"roman": "donbyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "どん百姓"
},
{
"roman": "hikanbyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"被",
"ひ"
],
[
"官",
"かん"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "被官百姓"
},
{
"roman": "honbyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "本百姓"
},
{
"roman": "mizunomibyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"水",
"みず"
],
[
"呑",
"の"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "水呑み百姓"
},
{
"roman": "wakibyakushō",
"ruby": [
[
"脇",
"わき"
],
[
"百",
"びゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"word": "脇百姓"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ひゃくしょう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "百姓",
"lit": "hundred clans",
"tr": "paek sjengᴴ"
},
"expansion": "百姓 (paek sjengᴴ, literally “hundred clans”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hak",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hakka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "百姓",
"tr": "pak-siang"
},
"expansion": "百姓 (pak-siang)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "続日本紀",
"tr": "Shoku Nihongi"
},
"expansion": "続日本紀 (Shoku Nihongi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 百姓 (paek sjengᴴ, literally “hundred clans”). Compare modern Hakka 百姓 (pak-siang).\nThe goon reading, so likely an earlier borrowing.\nFirst cited to the 続日本紀 (Shoku Nihongi) in a portion dated to 701 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "百姓",
"ruby": [
[
"百",
"ひゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "fyakusyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ひやくしやう",
"roman": "fyakusyau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ひゃくしょう",
"hhira": "ひやくしやう"
},
"expansion": "百(ひゃく)姓(しょう) • (hyakushō) ^(←ひやくしやう (fyakusyau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "taking one's pleasure the same as a commoner",
"roman": "hyakushō to tanoshimi o onajūsu",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓",
"ひゃくしょう"
],
[
"楽",
"たの"
],
[
"同",
"おな"
]
],
"word": "百姓と楽しみを同じゅうす: → a lord must know the joys and pains of the people"
},
{
"english": "commoners and oil [sources] give more the harder you squeeze",
"roman": "hyakushō to abura wa shiboru hodo deru",
"word": "百姓と油は絞るほど出る: → the more you demand of the people"
},
{
"word": "the more you get. Compare blood from a stone of roughly opposite meaning."
},
{
"english": "the complaints of the peasants and the boasting of the doctors",
"roman": "hyakushō no nakigoto to isha no tegarabanashi",
"word": "百姓の泣き言と医者の手柄話: → a contrast between peasants complaining of poor harvests in a bid to reduce their tax liabilities"
},
{
"word": "against the feats of doctors who will do their utmost to treat even a terminal patient: by extension"
},
{
"word": "an exhortation to put in 101% without grumbling about it"
},
{
"english": "a peasant's tale of last year",
"roman": "hyakushō no kozo monogatari",
"word": "百姓の去年物語: → alluding to how peasants would often claim that last year's harvest was better than this year"
},
{
"word": "in a bid to reduce their tax liabilities"
},
{
"english": "a peasant's manufactured collapse",
"roman": "hyakushō no tsukuridaore",
"word": "百姓の作り倒れ: → describing how peasants working too hard can result in too much produce on the market"
},
{
"word": "causing a price collapse and sizable losses: to be one's own undoing"
},
{
"word": "to defeat oneself by working too hard"
},
{
"english": "a peasant's autumn lord",
"roman": "hyakushō no aki daimyō",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓",
"ひゃくしょう"
],
[
"秋大名",
"あきだいみょう"
]
],
"word": "百姓の秋大名: → a metaphor for how the autumn season following the harvest is a time of bounty for commoners"
},
{
"english": "splitting up fields; splitting up a commoner's inheritance amounts to a parceling out of fields / to complete nonsense; nonsense",
"roman": "hyakushō no shomuwake de tawake tsukusu",
"word": "百姓の所務分けで田分け尽くす: → a pun on the reading tawake for both 田分け and 戯け ()"
},
{
"word": "based on how dividing up fields for every generation's inheritance ultimately leads to very small plots and inefficient farming"
},
{
"english": "like cutting a commoner",
"roman": "hyakushō no hito o kitta yō",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓",
"ひゃくしょう"
],
[
"人",
"ひと"
],
[
"斬",
"き"
]
],
"word": "百姓の人を斬ったよう: → a big commotion"
},
{
"english": "like holding down a commoner's goose",
"roman": "hyakushō no gan o osaeta yō",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓",
"ひゃくしょう"
],
[
"雁",
"がん"
],
[
"押",
"お"
]
],
"word": "百姓の雁を押さえたよう: → a big commotion"
},
{
"english": "a commoner's breath [i.e. spirit] can reach heaven",
"roman": "hyakushō no iki ga ten ni noboru",
"word": "百姓の息が天に昇る: → where there's a will, there's a way"
},
{
"word": "no matter how weak"
},
{
"english": "peasants' talk of poor harvests and merchants' talk of business losses",
"roman": "hyakushō no fusakubanashi to akindo no sonbanashi",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓",
"ひゃくしょう"
],
[
"不作話",
"ふさくばなし"
],
[
"商人",
"あきんど"
],
[
"損話",
"そんばなし"
]
],
"word": "百姓の不作話と商人の損話: → farmers and businessmen always grumble about how things aren't going well"
},
{
"english": "a commoner's all-around abilities; now farmer",
"roman": "hyakushō no bannō",
"ruby": [
[
"百姓",
"ひゃくしょう"
],
[
"万能",
"ばんのう"
]
],
"word": "百姓の万能: → alluding to how a peasant had to be self-reliant and a jack-of-all-trades"
},
{
"alt": "ひゃくしょう ひゃく いろ",
"word": "百姓百色: “a hundred commoners"
},
{
"english": "commoners",
"word": "a hundred colors” → the word might be a collective noun"
},
{
"word": "but the people included in that category are various and sundry"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese derogatory terms",
"Japanese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a farmer; a peasant; the peasantry in general",
"country bumpkin"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"farmer",
"farmer"
],
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
],
[
"peasantry",
"peasantry"
],
[
"bumpkin",
"bumpkin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical or derogatory) a farmer; a peasant; the peasantry in general",
"(derogatory) country bumpkin"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "農民"
},
{
"word": "農家"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese derogatory terms",
"Japanese terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a farmer; a peasant; the peasantry in general",
"in reference to the Edo period, short for 本百姓 (honbyakushō, “the hundred commoner families”, a class of farmers with specific rights and responsibilities)"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"farmer",
"farmer"
],
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
],
[
"peasantry",
"peasantry"
],
[
"本百姓",
"本百姓#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical or derogatory) a farmer; a peasant; the peasantry in general",
"(historical) in reference to the Edo period, short for 本百姓 (honbyakushō, “the hundred commoner families”, a class of farmers with specific rights and responsibilities)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "農民"
},
{
"word": "農家"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese derogatory terms",
"Japanese terms with historical senses",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "You are from a peasant family, aren't you?",
"roman": "Kisama, hyakushō no umare da na?",
"ruby": [
[
"百",
"ひゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
],
[
"生",
"う"
]
],
"text": "きさま、百姓の生まれだな？"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a farmer; a peasant; the peasantry in general"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"farmer",
"farmer"
],
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
],
[
"peasantry",
"peasantry"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical or derogatory) a farmer; a peasant; the peasantry in general"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "農民"
},
{
"word": "農家"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"commoners, the common people; the masses; ordinary citizens"
],
"links": [
[
"commoner",
"commoner"
],
[
"masses",
"masses"
],
[
"citizens",
"citizens"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) commoners, the common people; the masses; ordinary citizens"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "公民"
},
{
"word": "民衆"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひゃくしょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ça̠kɯ̟̊ᵝɕo̞ː]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "ōmitakara",
"ruby": [
[
"大御宝",
"おおみたから"
]
],
"sense": "the people",
"tags": [
"poetic"
],
"word": "大御宝"
},
{
"roman": "inakamono",
"ruby": [
[
"田舎者",
"いなかもの"
]
],
"word": "田舎者"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shoku Nihongi",
"ja:続日本紀"
],
"word": "百姓"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ひゃくしょう"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "百姓",
"lit": "hundred clans",
"tr": "paek sjengᴴ"
},
"expansion": "百姓 (paek sjengᴴ, literally “hundred clans”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hak",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Hakka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "百姓",
"tr": "pak-siang"
},
"expansion": "百姓 (pak-siang)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "",
"3": "続日本紀",
"tr": "Shoku Nihongi"
},
"expansion": "続日本紀 (Shoku Nihongi)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 百姓 (paek sjengᴴ, literally “hundred clans”). Compare modern Hakka 百姓 (pak-siang).\nThe goon reading, so likely an earlier borrowing.\nFirst cited to the 続日本紀 (Shoku Nihongi) in a portion dated to 701 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "百姓する",
"ruby": [
[
"百",
"ひゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "fyakusyau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓し",
"roman": "hyakushō shi",
"ruby": [
[
"百",
"ひゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓した",
"roman": "hyakushō shita",
"ruby": [
[
"百",
"ひゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"しょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "百姓すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ひゃくしょうすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakushō sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to farm, to till the fields"
],
"links": [
[
"farm",
"farm"
],
[
"till",
"till"
],
[
"field",
"field"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひゃくしょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ça̠kɯ̟̊ᵝɕo̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Shoku Nihongi",
"ja:続日本紀"
],
"word": "百姓"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "はくせい"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Kan'on reading of both characters, influenced by later borrowing from Middle Chinese.\nCited to the mid-Muromachi period, roughly the 1400s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "百姓",
"ruby": [
[
"百",
"はく"
],
[
"姓",
"せい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hakusei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "はくせい"
},
"expansion": "百(はく)姓(せい) • (hakusei)",
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}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"See under Etymology 1"
],
"links": [
[
"Etymology 1",
"百姓#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) See under Etymology 1"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ha̠kɯ̟ᵝse̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Muromachi period"
],
"word": "百姓"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
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{
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"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ひゃくせい"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Kan'on reading of the second character, influenced by later borrowing from Middle Chinese.\nFirst cited to a text from 1776.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "百姓",
"ruby": [
[
"百",
"ひゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"せい"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakusei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "fyakusei",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ひやくせい",
"roman": "fyakusei",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ひゃくせい",
"hhira": "ひやくせい"
},
"expansion": "百(ひゃく)姓(せい) • (hyakusei) ^(←ひやくせい (fyakusei)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"See under Etymology 1"
],
"links": [
[
"Etymology 1",
"百姓#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) See under Etymology 1"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ひゃくせー"
},
{
"ipa": "[ça̠kɯ̟ᵝse̞ː]"
}
],
"word": "百姓"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Non-palatalized variant of hyakushō reading, commonly found in writings from the Heian period through the Muromachi period.\nFirst cited to the Utsubo Monogatari of roughly 999 CE.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "百姓",
"ruby": [
[
"百",
"ひゃく"
],
[
"姓",
"そう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "hyakusō",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "fyakusau",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ひやくさう",
"roman": "fyakusau",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ひゃくそう",
"hhira": "ひやくさう"
},
"expansion": "百(ひゃく)姓(そう) • (hyakusō) ^(←ひやくさう (fyakusau)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"See under Etymology 1"
],
"links": [
[
"Etymology 1",
"百姓#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) See under Etymology 1"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ça̠kɯ̟ᵝso̞ː]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Utsubo Monogatari"
],
"word": "百姓"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "baekseong",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "백성",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "백성"
},
"expansion": "百姓 • (baekseong) (hangeul 백성)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "The populace; the common people",
"word": "백성"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 백성 (“The populace; the common people”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"백성",
"백성#Korean"
],
[
"populace",
"populace"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "百姓"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "百姓",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "百姓",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of bá tánh (“the commoners; the common folk; the citizens”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"bá tánh",
"bá tánh#Vietnamese"
],
[
"commoner",
"commoner"
],
[
"common",
"common"
],
[
"folk",
"folk"
],
[
"citizen",
"citizen"
]
]
}
],
"word": "百姓"
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"百姓",
"rfv-pron",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"extensionTag()"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "百姓",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"百姓",
"rfv-pron",
"#invoke",
"#invoke",
"Lua:checkparams:warn()",
"frame:preprocess()",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "百姓",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"百姓",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "百姓",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parserfns/156",
"msg": "#tag creating non-allowed tag <pre> - omitted",
"path": [
"百姓",
"#tag",
"#tag"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "百姓",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.