See 浪人 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 浪人 meaning in All languages combined (25.1kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "摘-瓜 法：在 步道 上，引 手 而 取；勿 聽 浪人 踏 瓜-蔓，及 翻覆 之。",
"2": "How to pluck melons: on the footpath, reach out one's hands and take them; do not allow drifters to trample the melon-vines and toss and turn them melons.",
"collapsed": "yes",
"ref": "Qimin Yaoshu"
},
"expansion": "摘瓜法：在步道上，引手而取；勿聽浪人踏瓜蔓，及翻覆之。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]摘瓜法：在步道上，引手而取；勿听浪人踏瓜蔓，及翻覆之。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 544 CE, Jia Sixie, Qimin Yaoshu\nZhāiguā fǎ: zài bùdào shàng, yǐn shǒu ér qǔ; wù tīng làngrén tà guāmàn, jí fānfù zhī. [Pinyin]\nHow to pluck melons: on the footpath, reach out one's hands and take them; do not allow drifters to trample the melon-vines and toss and turn them [melons].",
"name": "zh-x"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested earliest in Qimin Yaoshu (Essential Techniques for the Welfare of the People) https://ctext.org/library.pl?if=gb&file=73420&page=112#%E6%B5%AA%E4%BA%BA:\n摘瓜法：在步道上，引手而取；勿聽浪人踏瓜蔓，及翻覆之。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]摘瓜法：在步道上，引手而取；勿听浪人踏瓜蔓，及翻覆之。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 544 CE, Jia Sixie, Qimin Yaoshu\nZhāiguā fǎ: zài bùdào shàng, yǐn shǒu ér qǔ; wù tīng làngrén tà guāmàn, jí fānfù zhī. [Pinyin]\nHow to pluck melons: on the footpath, reach out one's hands and take them; do not allow drifters to trample the melon-vines and toss and turn them [melons].",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "浪人",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 30 25 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "People",
"orig": "zh:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hobo; vagabond"
],
"id": "en-浪人-zh-noun-ZXg0qwMD",
"links": [
[
"hobo",
"hobo"
],
[
"vagabond",
"vagabond"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 30 25 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "People",
"orig": "zh:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruffian"
],
"id": "en-浪人-zh-noun-F-GjYlIr",
"links": [
[
"ruffian",
"ruffian"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 30 25 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "People",
"orig": "zh:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Japanese ronin"
],
"id": "en-浪人-zh-noun-9LONI1Vt",
"links": [
[
"ronin",
"ronin"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 27 7 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 30 25 20",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "People",
"orig": "zh:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lewd person; lecher"
],
"id": "en-浪人-zh-noun-IxVXVkxz",
"links": [
[
"lewd",
"lewd"
],
[
"lecher",
"lecher"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) lewd person; lecher"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "làngrén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄤˋ ㄖㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "long⁶ jan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "làngrén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "làngrén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "lang⁴-jên²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "làng-rén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "lanqren"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ланжэнь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "lanžɛnʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɑŋ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lohng yàhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "long⁶ jan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "long⁶ yen⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔːŋ²² jɐn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɑŋ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔːŋ²² jɐn²¹/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Qimin Yaoshu"
],
"word": "浪人"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "a student who failed the annual university entrance exam and is waiting to take them again",
"roman": "rōninsei",
"ruby": [
[
"浪人生",
"ろうにんせい"
]
],
"word": "浪人生"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ろうにん"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "浪人",
"lit": "wasteful or reckless person",
"tr": "lang nyin"
},
"expansion": "浪人 (lang nyin, literally “wasteful or reckless person”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 浪人 (lang nyin, literally “wasteful or reckless person”). Compare modern Mandarin reading làngrén.\nOriginally referred to someone who had no fixed residence. Used in the context of the Ritsuryō legal system of Nara and Heian period Japan to refer to someone who had intentionally left their registered residence in order to avoid tax liabilities and corvee labor requirements. Later in the Muromachi period, came to refer to samurai who had left or lost their lords. This meaning was extended in more recent times to refer to potentially anyone who was not employed, and then again to refer to high-school graduates who have failed the annual university entrance exams and are studying for the next year's exams.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "浪人",
"ruby": [
[
"浪",
"ろう"
],
[
"人",
"にん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "raunin",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "らうにん",
"roman": "raunin",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ろうにん",
"hhira": "らうにん"
},
"expansion": "浪(ろう)人(にん) • (rōnin) ^(←らうにん (raunin)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 3 2 2 24 25 2 7 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 2 2 19 23 2 10 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 2 2 19 23 2 10 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 3 3 3 18 23 2 9 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 3 2 2 18 23 2 11 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 3 2 2 19 23 2 10 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a masterless samurai"
],
"id": "en-浪人-ja-noun-26r~~xj7",
"links": [
[
"master",
"master"
],
[
"samurai",
"samurai"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 18 21 24 8 18 0 0 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "People",
"orig": "ja:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1177–1188: Iroha Jiruishō",
"text": "浪（ラウ）人"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a vagrant, a vagabond, a wanderer"
],
"id": "en-浪人-ja-noun-px-eiT-e",
"links": [
[
"vagrant",
"vagrant"
],
[
"vagabond",
"vagabond"
],
[
"wanderer",
"wanderer"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "1 76 6 8 4 5",
"roman": "rurōnin",
"sense": "wanderer",
"word": "流浪人"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 76 6 8 4 5",
"roman": "rurōsha",
"sense": "wanderer",
"word": "流浪者"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 10 11 5 15 12 15 12 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 18 21 24 8 18 0 0 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "People",
"orig": "ja:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Rǒnin. ラゥニン (牢人) 追放された人."
},
{
"text": "More specifically spelled 牢人."
}
],
"glosses": [
"someone in exile"
],
"id": "en-浪人-ja-noun-PH6iUDKA",
"links": [
[
"exile",
"exile"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 18 21 24 8 18 0 0 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "People",
"orig": "ja:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "More specifically spelled 牢人."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a prisoner"
],
"id": "en-浪人-ja-noun-mdHNnPdT",
"links": [
[
"prisoner",
"prisoner"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "1 4 26 53 5 11",
"roman": "rōsha",
"ruby": [
[
"牢者",
"ろうしゃ"
]
],
"sense": "exile, prisoner",
"word": "牢者"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 3 2 2 24 25 2 7 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 2 2 19 23 2 10 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 2 2 19 23 2 10 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 3 3 3 18 23 2 9 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 3 2 2 18 23 2 11 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 3 2 2 19 23 2 10 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 10 11 5 15 12 15 12 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1682: 好色一代男 (page 70)",
"text": "罷出たるは此あたり八百八祢宜の子共、諸方の浪人友噪ぎにして、かざえ扇は、何しのぶぞかし。"
},
{
"ref": "1686: 好色一代女 (page 363)",
"text": "「こなたは御牢人衆なるが、御奉公済ざるうちは、折ふし気慰に御入あるべし。」"
},
{
"ref": "1686: 好色一代女 (page 437)",
"text": "「京の石垣くづれなりと、さる御牢人衆の娘御なりと、新町で天神して居た女郎の果なりと、おまえへさまも見しらしやつて御ざんす事も」と"
}
],
"glosses": [
"someone who has been laid off or fired, an unemployed person"
],
"id": "en-浪人-ja-noun-mXob6Yt2",
"links": [
[
"laid off",
"laid off"
],
[
"fired",
"fired"
],
[
"unemployed",
"unemployed"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "4 10 3 14 59 10",
"roman": "shitsugyōsha",
"ruby": [
[
"失業者",
"しつぎょうしゃ"
]
],
"sense": "unemployed person",
"word": "失業者"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 3 2 2 24 25 2 7 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 2 2 19 23 2 10 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 2 2 19 23 2 10 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 3 3 3 18 23 2 9 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 3 2 2 18 23 2 11 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 3 2 2 19 23 2 10 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 10 11 5 15 12 15 12 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 18 21 24 8 18 0 0 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "People",
"orig": "ja:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a student who failed the annual university entrance exams and is waiting to take them again: 浪人生 (rōninsei)"
],
"id": "en-浪人-ja-noun-YSVLaQS-",
"links": [
[
"student",
"student"
],
[
"university",
"university"
],
[
"浪人生",
"浪人生#Japanese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ろーにん"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾo̞ːɲ̟ĩɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Heian period",
"Muromachi period",
"Nara period",
"Rōnin",
"ja:浪人"
],
"word": "浪人"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ろうにん"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "浪人",
"lit": "wasteful or reckless person",
"tr": "lang nyin"
},
"expansion": "浪人 (lang nyin, literally “wasteful or reckless person”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 浪人 (lang nyin, literally “wasteful or reckless person”). Compare modern Mandarin reading làngrén.\nOriginally referred to someone who had no fixed residence. Used in the context of the Ritsuryō legal system of Nara and Heian period Japan to refer to someone who had intentionally left their registered residence in order to avoid tax liabilities and corvee labor requirements. Later in the Muromachi period, came to refer to samurai who had left or lost their lords. This meaning was extended in more recent times to refer to potentially anyone who was not employed, and then again to refer to high-school graduates who have failed the annual university entrance exams and are studying for the next year's exams.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "浪人する",
"ruby": [
[
"浪",
"ろう"
],
[
"人",
"にん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "raunin",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人し",
"roman": "rōnin shi",
"ruby": [
[
"浪",
"ろう"
],
[
"人",
"にん"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人した",
"roman": "rōnin shita",
"ruby": [
[
"浪",
"ろう"
],
[
"人",
"にん"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 10 11 5 15 12 15 12 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to become unemployed, to lose one's job"
],
"id": "en-浪人-ja-verb-WiDkBZZC",
"links": [
[
"unemployed",
"unemployed"
],
[
"lose",
"lose"
],
[
"job",
"job"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "95 1 4",
"roman": "shitsugyō",
"ruby": [
[
"失業",
"しつぎょう"
]
],
"sense": "become unemployed",
"word": "失業"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 2 2 19 23 2 10 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 2 2 19 23 2 10 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 3 2 2 18 23 2 11 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 10 11 5 15 12 15 12 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to lose one's master"
],
"id": "en-浪人-ja-verb-8fHcnIph",
"links": [
[
"lose",
"lose"
],
[
"master",
"master"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) to lose one's master"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 3 2 2 24 25 2 7 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 2 2 19 23 2 10 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 2 2 19 23 2 10 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 3 3 3 18 23 2 9 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 3 2 2 18 23 2 11 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 3 2 2 19 23 2 10 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 10 11 5 15 12 15 12 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 18 21 24 8 18 0 0 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "People",
"orig": "ja:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to study for the following year's annual university entrance exams after failing"
],
"id": "en-浪人-ja-verb-XEqPlZZL",
"links": [
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"university",
"university"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ろーにん"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾo̞ːɲ̟ĩɴ]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Heian period",
"Muromachi period",
"Nara period",
"Rōnin",
"ja:浪人"
],
"word": "浪人"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "nang'in",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "낭인",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "낭인"
},
"expansion": "浪人 • (nang'in) (hangeul 낭인)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "vagabond; ronin",
"word": "낭인"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 낭인 (“vagabond; ronin”)."
],
"id": "en-浪人-ko-noun-~d64nfLf",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"낭인",
"낭인#Korean"
],
[
"vagabond",
"vagabond"
],
[
"ronin",
"ronin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "浪人"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "浪人",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "浪人",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of lãng nhân (“ronin”)."
],
"id": "en-浪人-vi-noun-iW7mRQok",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"lãng nhân",
"lãng nhân#Vietnamese"
],
[
"ronin",
"ronin"
]
]
}
],
"word": "浪人"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations",
"zh:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "摘-瓜 法：在 步道 上，引 手 而 取；勿 聽 浪人 踏 瓜-蔓，及 翻覆 之。",
"2": "How to pluck melons: on the footpath, reach out one's hands and take them; do not allow drifters to trample the melon-vines and toss and turn them melons.",
"collapsed": "yes",
"ref": "Qimin Yaoshu"
},
"expansion": "摘瓜法：在步道上，引手而取；勿聽浪人踏瓜蔓，及翻覆之。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]摘瓜法：在步道上，引手而取；勿听浪人踏瓜蔓，及翻覆之。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 544 CE, Jia Sixie, Qimin Yaoshu\nZhāiguā fǎ: zài bùdào shàng, yǐn shǒu ér qǔ; wù tīng làngrén tà guāmàn, jí fānfù zhī. [Pinyin]\nHow to pluck melons: on the footpath, reach out one's hands and take them; do not allow drifters to trample the melon-vines and toss and turn them [melons].",
"name": "zh-x"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Attested earliest in Qimin Yaoshu (Essential Techniques for the Welfare of the People) https://ctext.org/library.pl?if=gb&file=73420&page=112#%E6%B5%AA%E4%BA%BA:\n摘瓜法：在步道上，引手而取；勿聽浪人踏瓜蔓，及翻覆之。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]摘瓜法：在步道上，引手而取；勿听浪人踏瓜蔓，及翻覆之。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 544 CE, Jia Sixie, Qimin Yaoshu\nZhāiguā fǎ: zài bùdào shàng, yǐn shǒu ér qǔ; wù tīng làngrén tà guāmàn, jí fānfù zhī. [Pinyin]\nHow to pluck melons: on the footpath, reach out one's hands and take them; do not allow drifters to trample the melon-vines and toss and turn them [melons].",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "浪人",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hobo; vagabond"
],
"links": [
[
"hobo",
"hobo"
],
[
"vagabond",
"vagabond"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ruffian"
],
"links": [
[
"ruffian",
"ruffian"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Japanese ronin"
],
"links": [
[
"ronin",
"ronin"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese colloquialisms"
],
"glosses": [
"lewd person; lecher"
],
"links": [
[
"lewd",
"lewd"
],
[
"lecher",
"lecher"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) lewd person; lecher"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "làngrén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄌㄤˋ ㄖㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "long⁶ jan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "làngrén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "làngrén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "lang⁴-jên²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "làng-rén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "lanqren"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "ланжэнь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "lanžɛnʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɑŋ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "lohng yàhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "long⁶ jan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "long⁶ yen⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔːŋ²² jɐn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/lɑŋ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/lɔːŋ²² jɐn²¹/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Qimin Yaoshu"
],
"word": "浪人"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"ja:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "a student who failed the annual university entrance exam and is waiting to take them again",
"roman": "rōninsei",
"ruby": [
[
"浪人生",
"ろうにんせい"
]
],
"word": "浪人生"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ろうにん"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "浪人",
"lit": "wasteful or reckless person",
"tr": "lang nyin"
},
"expansion": "浪人 (lang nyin, literally “wasteful or reckless person”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 浪人 (lang nyin, literally “wasteful or reckless person”). Compare modern Mandarin reading làngrén.\nOriginally referred to someone who had no fixed residence. Used in the context of the Ritsuryō legal system of Nara and Heian period Japan to refer to someone who had intentionally left their registered residence in order to avoid tax liabilities and corvee labor requirements. Later in the Muromachi period, came to refer to samurai who had left or lost their lords. This meaning was extended in more recent times to refer to potentially anyone who was not employed, and then again to refer to high-school graduates who have failed the annual university entrance exams and are studying for the next year's exams.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "浪人",
"ruby": [
[
"浪",
"ろう"
],
[
"人",
"にん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "raunin",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "らうにん",
"roman": "raunin",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ろうにん",
"hhira": "らうにん"
},
"expansion": "浪(ろう)人(にん) • (rōnin) ^(←らうにん (raunin)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a masterless samurai"
],
"links": [
[
"master",
"master"
],
[
"samurai",
"samurai"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1177–1188: Iroha Jiruishō",
"text": "浪（ラウ）人"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a vagrant, a vagabond, a wanderer"
],
"links": [
[
"vagrant",
"vagrant"
],
[
"vagabond",
"vagabond"
],
[
"wanderer",
"wanderer"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Rǒnin. ラゥニン (牢人) 追放された人."
},
{
"text": "More specifically spelled 牢人."
}
],
"glosses": [
"someone in exile"
],
"links": [
[
"exile",
"exile"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "More specifically spelled 牢人."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a prisoner"
],
"links": [
[
"prisoner",
"prisoner"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1682: 好色一代男 (page 70)",
"text": "罷出たるは此あたり八百八祢宜の子共、諸方の浪人友噪ぎにして、かざえ扇は、何しのぶぞかし。"
},
{
"ref": "1686: 好色一代女 (page 363)",
"text": "「こなたは御牢人衆なるが、御奉公済ざるうちは、折ふし気慰に御入あるべし。」"
},
{
"ref": "1686: 好色一代女 (page 437)",
"text": "「京の石垣くづれなりと、さる御牢人衆の娘御なりと、新町で天神して居た女郎の果なりと、おまえへさまも見しらしやつて御ざんす事も」と"
}
],
"glosses": [
"someone who has been laid off or fired, an unemployed person"
],
"links": [
[
"laid off",
"laid off"
],
[
"fired",
"fired"
],
[
"unemployed",
"unemployed"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"a student who failed the annual university entrance exams and is waiting to take them again: 浪人生 (rōninsei)"
],
"links": [
[
"student",
"student"
],
[
"university",
"university"
],
[
"浪人生",
"浪人生#Japanese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ろーにん"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾo̞ːɲ̟ĩɴ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "rurōnin",
"sense": "wanderer",
"word": "流浪人"
},
{
"roman": "rurōsha",
"sense": "wanderer",
"word": "流浪者"
},
{
"roman": "shitsugyōsha",
"ruby": [
[
"失業者",
"しつぎょうしゃ"
]
],
"sense": "unemployed person",
"word": "失業者"
},
{
"roman": "rōsha",
"ruby": [
[
"牢者",
"ろうしゃ"
]
],
"sense": "exile, prisoner",
"word": "牢者"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Heian period",
"Muromachi period",
"Nara period",
"Rōnin",
"ja:浪人"
],
"word": "浪人"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"ja:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ろうにん"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "浪人",
"lit": "wasteful or reckless person",
"tr": "lang nyin"
},
"expansion": "浪人 (lang nyin, literally “wasteful or reckless person”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese compound 浪人 (lang nyin, literally “wasteful or reckless person”). Compare modern Mandarin reading làngrén.\nOriginally referred to someone who had no fixed residence. Used in the context of the Ritsuryō legal system of Nara and Heian period Japan to refer to someone who had intentionally left their registered residence in order to avoid tax liabilities and corvee labor requirements. Later in the Muromachi period, came to refer to samurai who had left or lost their lords. This meaning was extended in more recent times to refer to potentially anyone who was not employed, and then again to refer to high-school graduates who have failed the annual university entrance exams and are studying for the next year's exams.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "浪人する",
"ruby": [
[
"浪",
"ろう"
],
[
"人",
"にん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "raunin",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人し",
"roman": "rōnin shi",
"ruby": [
[
"浪",
"ろう"
],
[
"人",
"にん"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人した",
"roman": "rōnin shita",
"ruby": [
[
"浪",
"ろう"
],
[
"人",
"にん"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "浪人すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "ろうにんすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "rōnin sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to become unemployed, to lose one's job"
],
"links": [
[
"unemployed",
"unemployed"
],
[
"lose",
"lose"
],
[
"job",
"job"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"to lose one's master"
],
"links": [
[
"lose",
"lose"
],
[
"master",
"master"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) to lose one's master"
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to study for the following year's annual university entrance exams after failing"
],
"links": [
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"university",
"university"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ろーにん"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɾo̞ːɲ̟ĩɴ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "shitsugyō",
"ruby": [
[
"失業",
"しつぎょう"
]
],
"sense": "become unemployed",
"word": "失業"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Heian period",
"Muromachi period",
"Nara period",
"Rōnin",
"ja:浪人"
],
"word": "浪人"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "nang'in",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "낭인",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "낭인"
},
"expansion": "浪人 • (nang'in) (hangeul 낭인)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "vagabond; ronin",
"word": "낭인"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 낭인 (“vagabond; ronin”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"낭인",
"낭인#Korean"
],
[
"vagabond",
"vagabond"
],
[
"ronin",
"ronin"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "浪人"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "浪人",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "浪人",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of lãng nhân (“ronin”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"lãng nhân",
"lãng nhân#Vietnamese"
],
[
"ronin",
"ronin"
]
]
}
],
"word": "浪人"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.