See ‐ on Wiktionary
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{
"forms": [
{
"form": "hyphen",
"tags": [
"name"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "punctuation mark",
"3": "name",
"4": "hyphen"
},
"expansion": "‐ (name hyphen)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "punct",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "syl‐lab‐i‐fi‐ca‐tion",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates certain pieces of text.",
"Separates syllables."
],
"id": "en-‐-en-punct-1wiHFxcO",
"links": [
[
"syllable",
"syllable#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "35 4 4 5 5 3 4 4 4 4 3 5 6 4 6 4",
"roman": "interpunct",
"sense": "distinguish syllables",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "·"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "W‐O‐R‐D spells \"word\"",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates certain pieces of text.",
"Separates letters to indicate the spelling of a word."
],
"id": "en-‐-en-punct-ExcPMouq",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter#English"
],
[
"spelling",
"spelling#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1945 April 30, ad for Listerine shaving cream in LIFE, vol. 18, no. 18, page 7",
"text": "35¢ TUBE LASTS AND L-A-S-T-S"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates certain pieces of text.",
"Separates letters to indicate emphasis."
],
"id": "en-‐-en-punct-jEFFBWdi",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter#English"
],
[
"emphasis",
"emphasis#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We, therefore, the represen‐\ntatives of the United States […]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates certain pieces of text.",
"Splits a word across a line break (called hyphenation)."
],
"id": "en-‐-en-punct-9vT-LXgJ",
"links": [
[
"line break",
"line break#English"
],
[
"hyphenation",
"hyphenation#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Happiness ends with -ness.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates certain pieces of text.",
"Marks a point where a morpheme (a suffix, a prefix, etc.) is supposed to be attached to a word."
],
"id": "en-‐-en-punct-4OMKtoeJ",
"links": [
[
"morpheme",
"morpheme#English"
],
[
"suffix",
"suffix#English"
],
[
"prefix",
"prefix#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ultra‐ambitious (to indicate both aes are pronounced)"
},
{
"text": "I must re‐press the shirt (to avoid confusion with repress)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Connects certain pieces of text.",
"Joins prefixes and suffixes according to stylistic rules, often to avoid confusion in pronunciation or meaning."
],
"id": "en-‐-en-punct-yVFo5hhP",
"links": [
[
"prefix",
"prefix#English"
],
[
"stylistic",
"stylistic#English"
],
[
"pronunciation",
"pronunciation#English"
],
[
"meaning",
"meaning#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "hyphen-minus",
"sense": "all sense",
"word": "-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "all sense",
"word": "often used for its ease"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "freeze‐dry"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Connects certain pieces of text.",
"Connects words in compound terms."
],
"id": "en-‐-en-punct-xH4N0AQH",
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 7 2 2 2 10 11 5 2 14 2 7 7 2 8 6 1 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "\"real‐world examples\" (but \"examples are from the real world\")"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Connects certain pieces of text.",
"Connects words in a compound modifier according to various stylistic rules."
],
"id": "en-‐-en-punct-W4jEopKO",
"links": [
[
"compound modifier",
"compound modifier#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Chandler‐Mather"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Connects certain pieces of text.",
"Connects names in some compound surnames."
],
"id": "en-‐-en-punct-9dNzAUbI",
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "nineteenth‐ and twentieth‐century"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Connects certain pieces of text.",
"Indicates common parts of repeated compounds."
],
"id": "en-‐-en-punct-KjuJH0D3",
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "3 3 3 5 8 4 8 13 7 17 7 4 7 5 3 3",
"roman": "en-dash",
"sense": "connecting compounds",
"word": "–"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 3 5 8 4 8 13 7 17 7 4 7 5 3 3",
"sense": "connecting compounds",
"word": "when the constituent parts already contain hyphens"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1990, Larry Gonick, The Cartoon History of the Universe, page 25",
"text": "Bee #1: It‐is‐good‐that‐we‐do‐all‐the‐work‐and‐the‐queen‐gets‐all‐the‐sex‐\nBee #2: Yes‐good‐for‐the‐hive",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Connects certain pieces of text.",
"Connects words in some situations, akin to a space."
],
"id": "en-‐-en-punct-VRnmV0jC",
"links": [
[
"space",
"space#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "1789-07-14 the date of the first Bastille Day"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Connects certain pieces of text.",
"Connects the year, the month and the day, in dates."
],
"id": "en-‐-en-punct-4p6JxbFk",
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "W‐w‐would you marry me?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates stuttering."
],
"id": "en-‐-en-punct-ilwa-2Mk",
"links": [
[
"stuttering",
"stuttering#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "This is a cat‐astrophe! (a catastrophe involving cats)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates the components of a pun."
],
"id": "en-‐-en-punct-ePnz0uc5",
"links": [
[
"component",
"component#English"
],
[
"pun",
"pun#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "G‐d for God"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hides letters."
],
"id": "en-‐-en-punct-2lbAWKcI",
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "4 15 17 3 4 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 2 32 3",
"qualifier": "hide letters",
"sense": "hide letters",
"word": "–"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 15 17 3 4 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 2 32 3",
"qualifier": "hide letters",
"sense": "hide letters",
"word": "e"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 15 17 3 4 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 2 32 3",
"qualifier": "hide letters",
"sense": "hide letters",
"word": "n"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 15 17 3 4 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 2 32 3",
"qualifier": "hide letters",
"sense": "hide letters",
"word": "-"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 15 17 3 4 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 2 32 3",
"qualifier": "hide letters",
"sense": "hide letters",
"word": "d"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 15 17 3 4 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 2 32 3",
"qualifier": "hide letters",
"sense": "hide letters",
"word": "a"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 15 17 3 4 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 2 32 3",
"qualifier": "hide letters",
"sense": "hide letters",
"word": "s"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 15 17 3 4 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 4 2 32 3",
"qualifier": "hide letters",
"sense": "hide letters",
"word": "h"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 3 2 8 5 3 10 3 2 6 2 3 3 2 4 3 7 19",
"kind": "topical",
"name": "English punctuation marks",
"parents": [
"Punctuation marks",
"Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"Symbols",
"Orthography",
"Writing",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used as sentence-final punctuation."
],
"id": "en-‐-en-punct-gMc6aF~4",
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Internet slang) Used as sentence-final punctuation."
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
],
"tags": [
"Internet"
]
}
],
"word": "‐"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "‐",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "conj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "'; ’",
"word": "apostrophe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "curly brackets"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "{ }",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "brace"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "square bracket"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "[ ]",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "bracket"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": ":",
"word": "colon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": ",",
"word": "comma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "‒; –; —; ―",
"word": "dash"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "…",
"word": "ellipsis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "!",
"word": "exclamation mark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "⁄",
"word": "fraction slash"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "« »; ‹ ›",
"word": "guillemet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "-; ‐",
"word": "hyphen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "·",
"word": "interpunct"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "‽",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "interrobang"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bracket"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "parentheses (US"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "( )",
"word": "Canada)"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "full stop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": ".",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
],
"word": "period"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "?",
"word": "question mark"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "‘ ’ ‚; „",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "quotation marks"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "\"; '",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "quotation marks"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": ";",
"word": "semicolon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "slash"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "/",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "stroke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "] [",
"word": "space"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "secretary-general; yellow-green; a here-today-gone-tomorrow attitude; kitchen-dinette-office"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Joins the components of compounds.",
"Joins the components of coordinative compounds, with equal components."
],
"id": "en-‐-en-conj-hVSJ-94m",
"links": [
[
"compound",
"compound#English"
],
[
"coordinative",
"coordinative#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "67 33",
"sense": "joining components of coordinative compounds",
"word": "and"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 33",
"sense": "joining components of coordinative compounds",
"word": "hyphen"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 33",
"sense": "joining components of coordinative compounds",
"word": "-hyphen-"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 33",
"sense": "joining components of coordinative compounds",
"word": "cum"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 33",
"sense": "joining components of coordinative compounds",
"word": "-cum-"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 33",
"sense": "joining components of coordinative compounds",
"word": "/"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 33",
"sense": "joining components of coordinative compounds",
"word": "slash"
}
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "a has-been; cholesterol-free; short-changing"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Joins the components of compounds.",
"Joins the components of subordinative compounds, with a dominant component or head."
],
"id": "en-‐-en-conj-m1hZAc1P",
"links": [
[
"compound",
"compound#English"
],
[
"subordinative",
"subordinative#English"
],
[
"head",
"head#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "‐"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "punctuation mark"
},
"expansion": "‐",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "punct",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"name": "Finnish punctuation marks",
"parents": [
"Punctuation marks",
"Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"Symbols",
"Orthography",
"Writing",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of -"
],
"id": "en-‐-fi-punct-oR0DolJY",
"links": [
[
"-",
"-#Finnish"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "‐"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "⸚"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "punctuation mark"
},
"expansion": "‐",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "punct",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)]",
"ref": "[1848, Das Neue Buchstabir- und Lesebuch, zum Gebrauch Deutscher Volksschulen in Pennsylvanien und andern Staaten, page 71",
"text": "[…] Wolf Wöl-fe wölf-isch; Wol-lust wol-lüst-ig; Wort Wör-ter Wör-ter-buch Wör-ter-büch-er[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates certain pieces of text.",
"Separates syllables."
],
"id": "en-‐-de-punct-1wiHFxcO",
"links": [
[
"syllable",
"syllable#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "2013 March 8, Martin Gardner, Mathemagische Tricks, Springer-Verlag, page 24",
"text": "Jetzt wird der Zuschauer aufgefordert, das Spiel zu nehmen und, von oben beginnend, eine Karte nach der anderen auszuteilen. Während er austeilt, buchstabiert er den Satz: „D-I-E-S-E K-A-R-T-E W-U-R-D-E G-E-W-Ä-H-L-T“, pro Karte genau ein Buchstabe.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates certain pieces of text.",
"Separates letters."
],
"id": "en-‐-de-punct-pBxOJE14",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 25 25 6 11 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "2012 October 24, Anja Pannewitz, Das Geschlecht der Führung: Supervisorische Interaktion zwischen Tradition und Transformation, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 263",
"text": "[…] (vgl. Digitales Wör-\nterbuch der deutschen Sprache des 20. Jahrhunderts, 2008–2011). Der\nKlient soll demnach maschinenäquivalent dem Geschäftsführer sichere\nAnweisungen zum Handeln kommunizieren, ihn aber nicht als Dampf-\nmaschine deuten,[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates certain pieces of text.",
"Splits a word across a line break (called hyphenation)."
],
"id": "en-‐-de-punct-9vT-LXgJ",
"links": [
[
"hyphenation",
"hyphenation#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 25 25 6 11 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 17 9 25 6 9 12 17",
"kind": "topical",
"name": "German punctuation marks",
"parents": [
"Punctuation marks",
"Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
"Symbols",
"Orthography",
"Writing",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "2022 March 11, Zoja Berketova, Systemhafte Lexikologie der deutschen Gegenwartssprache, Frank & Timme GmbH, page 110",
"roman": "5. Substantive mit dem Suffix -tum: Irrtum, Altertum, Besitztum, Christentum, Genietum;",
"text": "3. Substantive mit dem Suffix -keit: Sinnlosigkeit, Eindeutigkeit, Mehrdeutigkeit;\n4. Substantive mit dem Suffix -schaft: Freundschaft, Feindschaft;",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates certain pieces of text.",
"Marks a point where a morpheme (a suffix, a prefix, etc.) is supposed to be attached to a word."
],
"id": "en-‐-de-punct-4OMKtoeJ",
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Connects certain pieces of text."
],
"id": "en-‐-de-punct-Q-SyTDrK",
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 25 25 6 11 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "2008, Simone Simpson, Zwischen Kulturauftrag und künstlerischer Autonomie: Dresdner Plastik der 1950er und 1960er Jahre, Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, page 81",
"text": "Denk- und Mahnmäler in kommunalem oder staatlichem Auftrag",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Connects certain pieces of text.",
"Joins prefixes and suffixes according to stylistic rules, often to avoid confusion in pronunciation or meaning"
],
"id": "en-‐-de-punct-Pa0xdnbK",
"links": [
[
"prefix",
"prefix#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 25 25 6 11 18 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "2019 September 9, Alexandra Fröhlich, Dreck am Stecken: Roman, Verlagsgruppe Random House GmbH",
"text": "»W-w-was ist mit unserem G-g-großvater? Hat der d-d-das auch geglaubt?«",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates stuttering."
],
"id": "en-‐-de-punct-ilwa-2Mk",
"links": [
[
"stuttering",
"stuttering#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "2021 August 31, Jürgen Manemann, Revolutionäres Christentum: Ein Plädoyer, transcript Verlag",
"text": "Wir müssen all das, was wir unter Religion verstehen, befragen. Jay-Z holt die Religion und G-tt aus dem Himmel zurück[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hides letters."
],
"id": "en-‐-de-punct-2lbAWKcI",
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
}
],
"word": "‐"
}
{
"categories": [
"English conjunctions",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English punctuation marks"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "hyphen",
"tags": [
"name"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "punctuation mark",
"3": "name",
"4": "hyphen"
},
"expansion": "‐ (name hyphen)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "punct",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "syl‐lab‐i‐fi‐ca‐tion",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates certain pieces of text.",
"Separates syllables."
],
"links": [
[
"syllable",
"syllable#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "W‐O‐R‐D spells \"word\"",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates certain pieces of text.",
"Separates letters to indicate the spelling of a word."
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter#English"
],
[
"spelling",
"spelling#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1945 April 30, ad for Listerine shaving cream in LIFE, vol. 18, no. 18, page 7",
"text": "35¢ TUBE LASTS AND L-A-S-T-S"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates certain pieces of text.",
"Separates letters to indicate emphasis."
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter#English"
],
[
"emphasis",
"emphasis#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "We, therefore, the represen‐\ntatives of the United States […]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates certain pieces of text.",
"Splits a word across a line break (called hyphenation)."
],
"links": [
[
"line break",
"line break#English"
],
[
"hyphenation",
"hyphenation#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Happiness ends with -ness.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates certain pieces of text.",
"Marks a point where a morpheme (a suffix, a prefix, etc.) is supposed to be attached to a word."
],
"links": [
[
"morpheme",
"morpheme#English"
],
[
"suffix",
"suffix#English"
],
[
"prefix",
"prefix#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ultra‐ambitious (to indicate both aes are pronounced)"
},
{
"text": "I must re‐press the shirt (to avoid confusion with repress)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Connects certain pieces of text.",
"Joins prefixes and suffixes according to stylistic rules, often to avoid confusion in pronunciation or meaning."
],
"links": [
[
"prefix",
"prefix#English"
],
[
"stylistic",
"stylistic#English"
],
[
"pronunciation",
"pronunciation#English"
],
[
"meaning",
"meaning#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "freeze‐dry"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Connects certain pieces of text.",
"Connects words in compound terms."
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "\"real‐world examples\" (but \"examples are from the real world\")"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Connects certain pieces of text.",
"Connects words in a compound modifier according to various stylistic rules."
],
"links": [
[
"compound modifier",
"compound modifier#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Chandler‐Mather"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Connects certain pieces of text.",
"Connects names in some compound surnames."
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "nineteenth‐ and twentieth‐century"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Connects certain pieces of text.",
"Indicates common parts of repeated compounds."
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1990, Larry Gonick, The Cartoon History of the Universe, page 25",
"text": "Bee #1: It‐is‐good‐that‐we‐do‐all‐the‐work‐and‐the‐queen‐gets‐all‐the‐sex‐\nBee #2: Yes‐good‐for‐the‐hive",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Connects certain pieces of text.",
"Connects words in some situations, akin to a space."
],
"links": [
[
"space",
"space#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "1789-07-14 the date of the first Bastille Day"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Connects certain pieces of text.",
"Connects the year, the month and the day, in dates."
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "W‐w‐would you marry me?"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates stuttering."
],
"links": [
[
"stuttering",
"stuttering#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "This is a cat‐astrophe! (a catastrophe involving cats)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates the components of a pun."
],
"links": [
[
"component",
"component#English"
],
[
"pun",
"pun#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "G‐d for God"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hides letters."
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English internet slang"
],
"glosses": [
"Used as sentence-final punctuation."
],
"links": [
[
"Internet",
"Internet"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Internet slang) Used as sentence-final punctuation."
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
],
"tags": [
"Internet"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "hyphen-minus",
"sense": "all sense",
"word": "-"
},
{
"sense": "all sense",
"word": "often used for its ease"
},
{
"roman": "interpunct",
"sense": "distinguish syllables",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "·"
},
{
"qualifier": "hide letters",
"sense": "hide letters",
"word": "–"
},
{
"qualifier": "hide letters",
"sense": "hide letters",
"word": "e"
},
{
"qualifier": "hide letters",
"sense": "hide letters",
"word": "n"
},
{
"qualifier": "hide letters",
"sense": "hide letters",
"word": "-"
},
{
"qualifier": "hide letters",
"sense": "hide letters",
"word": "d"
},
{
"qualifier": "hide letters",
"sense": "hide letters",
"word": "a"
},
{
"qualifier": "hide letters",
"sense": "hide letters",
"word": "s"
},
{
"qualifier": "hide letters",
"sense": "hide letters",
"word": "h"
},
{
"roman": "en-dash",
"sense": "connecting compounds",
"word": "–"
},
{
"sense": "connecting compounds",
"word": "when the constituent parts already contain hyphens"
}
],
"word": "‐"
}
{
"categories": [
"English conjunctions",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English punctuation marks"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "‐",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "conj",
"related": [
{
"alt": "'; ’",
"word": "apostrophe"
},
{
"word": "curly brackets"
},
{
"alt": "{ }",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "brace"
},
{
"word": "square bracket"
},
{
"alt": "[ ]",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "bracket"
},
{
"alt": ":",
"word": "colon"
},
{
"alt": ",",
"word": "comma"
},
{
"alt": "‒; –; —; ―",
"word": "dash"
},
{
"alt": "…",
"word": "ellipsis"
},
{
"alt": "!",
"word": "exclamation mark"
},
{
"alt": "⁄",
"word": "fraction slash"
},
{
"alt": "« »; ‹ ›",
"word": "guillemet"
},
{
"alt": "-; ‐",
"word": "hyphen"
},
{
"alt": "·",
"word": "interpunct"
},
{
"alt": "‽",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "interrobang"
},
{
"word": "bracket"
},
{
"word": "parentheses (US"
},
{
"alt": "( )",
"word": "Canada)"
},
{
"word": "full stop"
},
{
"alt": ".",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"US"
],
"word": "period"
},
{
"alt": "?",
"word": "question mark"
},
{
"alt": "‘ ’ ‚; „",
"tags": [
"formal"
],
"word": "quotation marks"
},
{
"alt": "\"; '",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "quotation marks"
},
{
"alt": ";",
"word": "semicolon"
},
{
"word": "slash"
},
{
"alt": "/",
"tags": [
"UK"
],
"word": "stroke"
},
{
"alt": "] [",
"word": "space"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "secretary-general; yellow-green; a here-today-gone-tomorrow attitude; kitchen-dinette-office"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Joins the components of compounds.",
"Joins the components of coordinative compounds, with equal components."
],
"links": [
[
"compound",
"compound#English"
],
[
"coordinative",
"coordinative#English"
]
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "a has-been; cholesterol-free; short-changing"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Joins the components of compounds.",
"Joins the components of subordinative compounds, with a dominant component or head."
],
"links": [
[
"compound",
"compound#English"
],
[
"subordinative",
"subordinative#English"
],
[
"head",
"head#English"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "joining components of coordinative compounds",
"word": "and"
},
{
"sense": "joining components of coordinative compounds",
"word": "hyphen"
},
{
"sense": "joining components of coordinative compounds",
"word": "-hyphen-"
},
{
"sense": "joining components of coordinative compounds",
"word": "cum"
},
{
"sense": "joining components of coordinative compounds",
"word": "-cum-"
},
{
"sense": "joining components of coordinative compounds",
"word": "/"
},
{
"sense": "joining components of coordinative compounds",
"word": "slash"
}
],
"word": "‐"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "punctuation mark"
},
"expansion": "‐",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "punct",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-"
}
],
"categories": [
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish punctuation marks"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of -"
],
"links": [
[
"-",
"-#Finnish"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "‐"
}
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German punctuation marks"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "⸚"
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "punctuation mark"
},
"expansion": "‐",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "punct",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of German quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)]",
"ref": "[1848, Das Neue Buchstabir- und Lesebuch, zum Gebrauch Deutscher Volksschulen in Pennsylvanien und andern Staaten, page 71",
"text": "[…] Wolf Wöl-fe wölf-isch; Wol-lust wol-lüst-ig; Wort Wör-ter Wör-ter-buch Wör-ter-büch-er[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates certain pieces of text.",
"Separates syllables."
],
"links": [
[
"syllable",
"syllable#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of German quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "2013 March 8, Martin Gardner, Mathemagische Tricks, Springer-Verlag, page 24",
"text": "Jetzt wird der Zuschauer aufgefordert, das Spiel zu nehmen und, von oben beginnend, eine Karte nach der anderen auszuteilen. Während er austeilt, buchstabiert er den Satz: „D-I-E-S-E K-A-R-T-E W-U-R-D-E G-E-W-Ä-H-L-T“, pro Karte genau ein Buchstabe.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates certain pieces of text.",
"Separates letters."
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of German quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "2012 October 24, Anja Pannewitz, Das Geschlecht der Führung: Supervisorische Interaktion zwischen Tradition und Transformation, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 263",
"text": "[…] (vgl. Digitales Wör-\nterbuch der deutschen Sprache des 20. Jahrhunderts, 2008–2011). Der\nKlient soll demnach maschinenäquivalent dem Geschäftsführer sichere\nAnweisungen zum Handeln kommunizieren, ihn aber nicht als Dampf-\nmaschine deuten,[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates certain pieces of text.",
"Splits a word across a line break (called hyphenation)."
],
"links": [
[
"hyphenation",
"hyphenation#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of German quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "2022 March 11, Zoja Berketova, Systemhafte Lexikologie der deutschen Gegenwartssprache, Frank & Timme GmbH, page 110",
"roman": "5. Substantive mit dem Suffix -tum: Irrtum, Altertum, Besitztum, Christentum, Genietum;",
"text": "3. Substantive mit dem Suffix -keit: Sinnlosigkeit, Eindeutigkeit, Mehrdeutigkeit;\n4. Substantive mit dem Suffix -schaft: Freundschaft, Feindschaft;",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Separates certain pieces of text.",
"Marks a point where a morpheme (a suffix, a prefix, etc.) is supposed to be attached to a word."
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Connects certain pieces of text."
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of German quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "2008, Simone Simpson, Zwischen Kulturauftrag und künstlerischer Autonomie: Dresdner Plastik der 1950er und 1960er Jahre, Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, page 81",
"text": "Denk- und Mahnmäler in kommunalem oder staatlichem Auftrag",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Connects certain pieces of text.",
"Joins prefixes and suffixes according to stylistic rules, often to avoid confusion in pronunciation or meaning"
],
"links": [
[
"prefix",
"prefix#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of German quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "2019 September 9, Alexandra Fröhlich, Dreck am Stecken: Roman, Verlagsgruppe Random House GmbH",
"text": "»W-w-was ist mit unserem G-g-großvater? Hat der d-d-das auch geglaubt?«",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Indicates stuttering."
],
"links": [
[
"stuttering",
"stuttering#English"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"German terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of German quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "2021 August 31, Jürgen Manemann, Revolutionäres Christentum: Ein Plädoyer, transcript Verlag",
"text": "Wir müssen all das, was wir unter Religion verstehen, befragen. Jay-Z holt die Religion und G-tt aus dem Himmel zurück[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hides letters."
],
"raw_tags": [
"punctuation"
]
}
],
"word": "‐"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.