See 下 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "First grade kyōiku kanji",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese first grade kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese jōyō kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese kyōiku kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kagen",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"か"
],
[
"限",
"げん"
]
],
"word": "下限"
},
{
"roman": "kagen",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"か"
],
[
"弦",
"げん"
]
],
"word": "下弦"
},
{
"roman": "kakō",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"か"
],
[
"降",
"こう"
]
],
"word": "下降"
},
{
"roman": "gekokujō",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"げ"
],
[
"剋",
"こく"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "下剋上"
},
{
"roman": "gesha",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"げ"
],
[
"車",
"しゃ"
]
],
"word": "下車"
},
{
"word": "下種"
},
{
"word": "下衆"
},
{
"roman": "gesu",
"word": "下司"
},
{
"roman": "geta",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"げ"
],
[
"駄",
"た"
]
],
"word": "下駄"
},
{
"roman": "geri",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"げ"
],
[
"痢",
"り"
]
],
"word": "下痢"
},
{
"english": "subliminal",
"roman": "ikika",
"ruby": [
[
"閾",
"いき"
],
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"word": "閾下"
},
{
"roman": "jōge",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"じょう"
],
[
"下",
"げ"
]
],
"word": "上下"
},
{
"roman": "jōchūgekan",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"じょう"
],
[
"中",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"下",
"げ"
],
[
"巻",
"かん"
]
],
"word": "上中下巻"
}
],
"id": "en-下-ja-character-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"kanji",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "下"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "した"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*sita",
"sort": "した"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *sita",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/sita/ → /ɕita/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *sita.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"した"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shita",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "した"
},
"expansion": "下(した) • (shita)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "上"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "underwear",
"roman": "shitagi",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"した"
],
[
"着",
"ぎ"
]
],
"word": "下着"
},
{
"english": "sock",
"roman": "kutsushita",
"ruby": [
[
"靴",
"くつ"
],
[
"下",
"した"
]
],
"word": "靴下"
},
{
"roman": "makushita",
"ruby": [
[
"幕",
"まく"
],
[
"下",
"した"
]
],
"word": "幕下"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "There are dead bodies buried under the cherry trees! This is something you should believe.",
"ref": "1928, Motojirō Kajii, Sakura no ki no shita ni wa [Under the cherry trees], Modern kanji and kana edition:",
"roman": "Sakura no ki no shita ni wa shitai ga umatte iru! Kore wa shinjite ii koto na n da yo.",
"ruby": [
[
"桜",
"さくら"
],
[
"樹",
"き"
],
[
"下",
"した"
],
[
"屍体",
"したい"
],
[
"埋",
"う"
],
[
"信",
"しん"
]
],
"text": "桜の樹の下には屍体が埋まっている！これは信じていいことなんだよ。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the underneath"
],
"id": "en-下-ja-noun-e1oHYHFB",
"links": [
[
"underneath",
"underneath"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "した"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕi̥ta̠]"
}
],
"word": "下"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shimo ichidan katsuyō",
"ruby": [
[
"下一段活用",
"しもいちだんかつよう"
]
],
"word": "下一段活用"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Shimōsa",
"ruby": [
[
"下総",
"しもうさ"
]
],
"word": "下総"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shimogakaru",
"ruby": [
[
"下掛",
"しもが"
]
],
"word": "下掛かる"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shimoki",
"ruby": [
[
"下期",
"しもき"
]
],
"word": "下期"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shimogo",
"ruby": [
[
"下五",
"しもご"
]
],
"word": "下五"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shimogoe",
"ruby": [
[
"下肥",
"しもごえ"
]
],
"word": "下肥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shimoza",
"ruby": [
[
"下座",
"しもざ"
]
],
"word": "下座"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shimojimo",
"ruby": [
[
"下々",
"しもじも"
]
],
"word": "下々"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shimojochū",
"ruby": [
[
"下女中",
"しもじょちゅう"
]
],
"word": "下女中"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shimotsuke",
"ruby": [
[
"下野",
"しもつけ"
]
],
"word": "下野"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shimote",
"ruby": [
[
"下手",
"しもて"
]
],
"word": "下手"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shimo nidan katsuyō",
"ruby": [
[
"下二段活用",
"しもにだんかつよう"
]
],
"word": "下二段活用"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shimo no ku",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"しも"
],
[
"句",
"く"
]
],
"word": "下の句"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Shimonoseki",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"しもの"
],
[
"関",
"せき"
]
],
"word": "下関"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shimoneta",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"しも"
]
],
"word": "下ネタ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shimohanki",
"ruby": [
[
"下半期",
"しもはんき"
]
],
"word": "下半期"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shimohanshin",
"ruby": [
[
"下半身",
"しもはんしん"
]
],
"word": "下半身"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shimobukure",
"ruby": [
[
"下膨",
"しもぶく"
]
],
"word": "下膨れ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "僕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shimobe",
"word": "下部"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shimoyashiki",
"ruby": [
[
"下屋敷",
"しもやしき"
]
],
"word": "下屋敷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kazashimo",
"ruby": [
[
"風下",
"かざしも"
]
],
"word": "風下"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "上下"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kamishimo",
"word": "裃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kawashimo",
"ruby": [
[
"川下",
"かわしも"
]
],
"word": "川下"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "minashimo",
"ruby": [
[
"水下",
"みなしも"
]
],
"word": "水下"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨simo₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨simo₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "しも"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*simo",
"sort": "しも"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *simo",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨simo₁⟩ → /simʷo/ → /ɕimo/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *simo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"しも"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shimo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "しも"
},
"expansion": "下(しも) • (shimo)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "上"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 4 12 4 9 4 9 4 4 14 12 12 9 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the lower portion, end"
],
"id": "en-下-ja-noun-l2t6psSk",
"links": [
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"portion",
"portion"
],
[
"end",
"end"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lowness in degree or rank"
],
"id": "en-下-ja-noun-j7Dk8Ea6",
"links": [
[
"low",
"low"
],
[
"degree",
"degree"
],
[
"rank",
"rank"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 3 9 3 16 3 9 3 3 11 14 9 17 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese affixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 4 8 2 19 3 10 2 2 9 10 8 17 0 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the downstream portion of a river"
],
"id": "en-下-ja-noun-Z1-F6iYT",
"links": [
[
"downstream",
"downstream"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the downriver area"
],
"id": "en-下-ja-noun-d7XO~P5p",
"links": [
[
"downriver",
"downriver"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 4 8 2 19 3 10 2 2 9 10 8 17 0 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 2 3 1 18 2 28 1 1 4 19 3 17 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 4 7 3 13 4 18 3 3 9 14 7 13 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 4 3 1 18 3 27 1 1 3 17 3 16 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 1 18 2 28 1 1 4 19 3 17 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the area farther from the capital"
],
"id": "en-下-ja-noun-7Mvi10hY",
"links": [
[
"capital",
"capital"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the last part of a month, year, etc."
],
"id": "en-下-ja-noun-B5mJS26Z",
"links": [
[
"last",
"last"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the lower half of the body"
],
"id": "en-下-ja-noun-3YZ5Lsu2"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese euphemisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 3 9 3 16 3 9 3 3 11 14 9 17 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese affixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 4 12 4 9 4 9 4 4 14 12 12 9 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"private parts"
],
"id": "en-下-ja-noun-ZmIAhlNE",
"links": [
[
"private parts",
"private parts"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(euphemistic) private parts"
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese euphemisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 3 9 3 16 3 9 3 3 11 14 9 17 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese affixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 4 8 2 19 3 10 2 2 9 10 8 17 0 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 4 12 4 9 4 9 4 4 14 12 12 9 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 4 4 4 17 4 6 4 4 4 29 4 12 0 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Taxonomy",
"orig": "ja:Taxonomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Evolutionary theory",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feces and urine, excrement"
],
"id": "en-下-ja-noun-tnojxBPH",
"links": [
[
"feces",
"feces"
],
[
"urine",
"urine"
],
[
"excrement",
"excrement"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(euphemistic) feces and urine, excrement"
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "しも"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕimo̞]"
}
],
"word": "下"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Cognate with 本 (moto, “origin”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"もと"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "moto",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "もと"
},
"expansion": "下(もと) • (moto)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 4 12 4 9 4 9 4 4 14 12 12 9 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the lower portion, base"
],
"id": "en-下-ja-noun-ucqiaqIG",
"links": [
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"portion",
"portion"
],
[
"base",
"base"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 3 9 3 16 3 9 3 3 11 14 9 17 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese affixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 4 8 2 19 3 10 2 2 9 10 8 17 0 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "with permission, […]",
"roman": "dōi no moto, […]",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"意",
"い"
]
],
"text": "同意のもと、[…]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"under the influence of"
],
"id": "en-下-ja-noun-5V9R30PM"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "もと"
},
{
"ipa": "[mo̞to̞]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "元"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "許"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Daijisen",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "下"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "け"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "下"
},
"expansion": "下 (MC haeX|haeH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 下 (MC haeX|haeH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"げ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "げ"
},
"expansion": "下(げ) • (ge)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the last volume in a two- or three-volume set"
],
"id": "en-下-ja-noun-rOEI3iWH",
"links": [
[
"last",
"last"
],
[
"volume",
"volume"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "げ"
},
{
"other": "げ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡe̞]"
}
],
"word": "下"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "か"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "下"
},
"expansion": "下 (MC haeX|haeH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 下 (MC haeX|haeH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "affix",
"2": "か"
},
"expansion": "下(か) • (ka)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "affix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"down; below; beneath"
],
"id": "en-下-ja-affix--fI~wQ7K",
"links": [
[
"down",
"down"
],
[
"below",
"below"
],
[
"beneath",
"beneath"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠]"
}
],
"word": "下"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "か"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "下"
},
"expansion": "下 (MC haeX|haeH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 下 (MC haeX|haeH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "か"
},
"expansion": "下(か) • (-ka)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"under a situation"
],
"id": "en-下-ja-suffix-u-CkOI7a",
"links": [
[
"under",
"under"
],
[
"situation",
"situation"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠]"
}
],
"word": "下"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese first grade kanji",
"Japanese jōyō kanji",
"Japanese kanji",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading げ",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading か",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading お・りる",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading お・ろす",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading くだ・さる",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading くだ・す",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading くだ・る",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading さ・がる",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading さ・げる",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading した",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading しも",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading もと",
"Japanese kyōiku kanji",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 下",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kagen",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"か"
],
[
"限",
"げん"
]
],
"word": "下限"
},
{
"roman": "kagen",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"か"
],
[
"弦",
"げん"
]
],
"word": "下弦"
},
{
"roman": "kakō",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"か"
],
[
"降",
"こう"
]
],
"word": "下降"
},
{
"roman": "gekokujō",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"げ"
],
[
"剋",
"こく"
],
[
"上",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "下剋上"
},
{
"roman": "gesha",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"げ"
],
[
"車",
"しゃ"
]
],
"word": "下車"
},
{
"word": "下種"
},
{
"word": "下衆"
},
{
"roman": "gesu",
"word": "下司"
},
{
"roman": "geta",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"げ"
],
[
"駄",
"た"
]
],
"word": "下駄"
},
{
"roman": "geri",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"げ"
],
[
"痢",
"り"
]
],
"word": "下痢"
},
{
"english": "subliminal",
"roman": "ikika",
"ruby": [
[
"閾",
"いき"
],
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"word": "閾下"
},
{
"roman": "jōge",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"じょう"
],
[
"下",
"げ"
]
],
"word": "上下"
},
{
"roman": "jōchūgekan",
"ruby": [
[
"上",
"じょう"
],
[
"中",
"ちゅう"
],
[
"下",
"げ"
],
[
"巻",
"かん"
]
],
"word": "上中下巻"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "First grade kyōiku kanji",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"tags": [
"kanji",
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "下"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 下",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "underwear",
"roman": "shitagi",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"した"
],
[
"着",
"ぎ"
]
],
"word": "下着"
},
{
"english": "sock",
"roman": "kutsushita",
"ruby": [
[
"靴",
"くつ"
],
[
"下",
"した"
]
],
"word": "靴下"
},
{
"roman": "makushita",
"ruby": [
[
"幕",
"まく"
],
[
"下",
"した"
]
],
"word": "幕下"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "した"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*sita",
"sort": "した"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *sita",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/sita/ → /ɕita/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *sita.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"した"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shita",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "した"
},
"expansion": "下(した) • (shita)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "上"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "There are dead bodies buried under the cherry trees! This is something you should believe.",
"ref": "1928, Motojirō Kajii, Sakura no ki no shita ni wa [Under the cherry trees], Modern kanji and kana edition:",
"roman": "Sakura no ki no shita ni wa shitai ga umatte iru! Kore wa shinjite ii koto na n da yo.",
"ruby": [
[
"桜",
"さくら"
],
[
"樹",
"き"
],
[
"下",
"した"
],
[
"屍体",
"したい"
],
[
"埋",
"う"
],
[
"信",
"しん"
]
],
"text": "桜の樹の下には屍体が埋まっている！これは信じていいことなんだよ。",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the underneath"
],
"links": [
[
"underneath",
"underneath"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "した"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕi̥ta̠]"
}
],
"word": "下"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 下",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "shimo ichidan katsuyō",
"ruby": [
[
"下一段活用",
"しもいちだんかつよう"
]
],
"word": "下一段活用"
},
{
"roman": "Shimōsa",
"ruby": [
[
"下総",
"しもうさ"
]
],
"word": "下総"
},
{
"roman": "shimogakaru",
"ruby": [
[
"下掛",
"しもが"
]
],
"word": "下掛かる"
},
{
"roman": "shimoki",
"ruby": [
[
"下期",
"しもき"
]
],
"word": "下期"
},
{
"roman": "shimogo",
"ruby": [
[
"下五",
"しもご"
]
],
"word": "下五"
},
{
"roman": "shimogoe",
"ruby": [
[
"下肥",
"しもごえ"
]
],
"word": "下肥"
},
{
"roman": "shimoza",
"ruby": [
[
"下座",
"しもざ"
]
],
"word": "下座"
},
{
"roman": "shimojimo",
"ruby": [
[
"下々",
"しもじも"
]
],
"word": "下々"
},
{
"roman": "shimojochū",
"ruby": [
[
"下女中",
"しもじょちゅう"
]
],
"word": "下女中"
},
{
"roman": "shimotsuke",
"ruby": [
[
"下野",
"しもつけ"
]
],
"word": "下野"
},
{
"roman": "shimote",
"ruby": [
[
"下手",
"しもて"
]
],
"word": "下手"
},
{
"roman": "shimo nidan katsuyō",
"ruby": [
[
"下二段活用",
"しもにだんかつよう"
]
],
"word": "下二段活用"
},
{
"roman": "shimo no ku",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"しも"
],
[
"句",
"く"
]
],
"word": "下の句"
},
{
"roman": "Shimonoseki",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"しもの"
],
[
"関",
"せき"
]
],
"word": "下関"
},
{
"roman": "shimoneta",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"しも"
]
],
"word": "下ネタ"
},
{
"roman": "shimohanki",
"ruby": [
[
"下半期",
"しもはんき"
]
],
"word": "下半期"
},
{
"roman": "shimohanshin",
"ruby": [
[
"下半身",
"しもはんしん"
]
],
"word": "下半身"
},
{
"roman": "shimobukure",
"ruby": [
[
"下膨",
"しもぶく"
]
],
"word": "下膨れ"
},
{
"word": "僕"
},
{
"roman": "shimobe",
"word": "下部"
},
{
"roman": "shimoyashiki",
"ruby": [
[
"下屋敷",
"しもやしき"
]
],
"word": "下屋敷"
},
{
"roman": "kazashimo",
"ruby": [
[
"風下",
"かざしも"
]
],
"word": "風下"
},
{
"word": "上下"
},
{
"roman": "kamishimo",
"word": "裃"
},
{
"roman": "kawashimo",
"ruby": [
[
"川下",
"かわしも"
]
],
"word": "川下"
},
{
"roman": "minashimo",
"ruby": [
[
"水下",
"みなしも"
]
],
"word": "水下"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨simo₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨simo₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "しも"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*simo",
"sort": "しも"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *simo",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨simo₁⟩ → /simʷo/ → /ɕimo/\nFrom Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *simo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"しも"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shimo",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "しも"
},
"expansion": "下(しも) • (shimo)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "上"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the lower portion, end"
],
"links": [
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"portion",
"portion"
],
[
"end",
"end"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"lowness in degree or rank"
],
"links": [
[
"low",
"low"
],
[
"degree",
"degree"
],
[
"rank",
"rank"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the downstream portion of a river"
],
"links": [
[
"downstream",
"downstream"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the downriver area"
],
"links": [
[
"downriver",
"downriver"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the area farther from the capital"
],
"links": [
[
"capital",
"capital"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the last part of a month, year, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"last",
"last"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the lower half of the body"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese euphemisms"
],
"glosses": [
"private parts"
],
"links": [
[
"private parts",
"private parts"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(euphemistic) private parts"
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese euphemisms"
],
"glosses": [
"feces and urine, excrement"
],
"links": [
[
"feces",
"feces"
],
[
"urine",
"urine"
],
[
"excrement",
"excrement"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(euphemistic) feces and urine, excrement"
],
"tags": [
"euphemistic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "しも"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɕimo̞]"
}
],
"word": "下"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 下",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Cognate with 本 (moto, “origin”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"もと"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "moto",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "もと"
},
"expansion": "下(もと) • (moto)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the lower portion, base"
],
"links": [
[
"lower",
"lower"
],
[
"portion",
"portion"
],
[
"base",
"base"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "with permission, […]",
"roman": "dōi no moto, […]",
"ruby": [
[
"同",
"どう"
],
[
"意",
"い"
]
],
"text": "同意のもと、[…]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"under the influence of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "もと"
},
{
"ipa": "[mo̞to̞]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "元"
},
{
"word": "許"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"Daijisen",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "下"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 下",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "け"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "下"
},
"expansion": "下 (MC haeX|haeH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 下 (MC haeX|haeH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"げ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ge",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "げ"
},
"expansion": "下(げ) • (ge)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the last volume in a two- or three-volume set"
],
"links": [
[
"last",
"last"
],
[
"volume",
"volume"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "げ"
},
{
"other": "げ"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡe̞]"
}
],
"word": "下"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 下",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "か"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "下"
},
"expansion": "下 (MC haeX|haeH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 下 (MC haeX|haeH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "ka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "affix",
"2": "か"
},
"expansion": "下(か) • (ka)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "affix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"down; below; beneath"
],
"links": [
[
"down",
"down"
],
[
"below",
"below"
],
[
"beneath",
"beneath"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠]"
}
],
"word": "下"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese affixes",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 下",
"Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Taxonomy"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ltc",
"3": "-",
"sort": "か"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "下"
},
"expansion": "下 (MC haeX|haeH)",
"name": "ltc-l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 下 (MC haeX|haeH).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"か"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "-ka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix",
"2": "か"
},
"expansion": "下(か) • (-ka)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"under a situation"
],
"links": [
[
"under",
"under"
],
[
"situation",
"situation"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠]"
}
],
"word": "下"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 下 meaning in Japanese (15.6kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"下"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "下",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"下"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "下",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"下"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "下",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"下"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "下",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"下"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "affix",
"title": "下",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"下"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "下",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.