See 下野 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "下",
"3": "野",
"t1": "below, lower",
"t2": "field",
"tr1": "ge",
"tr2": "ya"
},
"expansion": "下 (ge, “below, lower”) + 野 (ya, “field”)",
"name": "com"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested around the early 1930s.\nAppears to be coined in Japan from Middle Chinese-derived elements 下 (ge, “below, lower”) + 野 (ya, “field”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下野",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"げ"
],
[
"野",
"や"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "geya",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "げや"
},
"expansion": "下(げ)野(や) • (geya)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 5 12 11 4 1 4 1 4 17 15 4 17 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 13 12 2 1 2 1 2 20 16 5 19 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 5 1 5 0 5 18 14 8 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 6 18 15 11 16 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 5 1 5 0 5 15 13 13 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 3 1 3 0 3 16 14 17 15 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 6 1 6 0 6 15 13 12 14 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 26 30 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 33 23 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 5 2 5 1 5 15 16 6 15 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Rose family plants",
"orig": "ja:Rose family plants",
"parents": [
"Rosales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"retirement from public office"
],
"id": "en-下野-ja-noun-EelMokw-",
"links": [
[
"public servant",
"public servant"
],
[
"retirement",
"retirement"
],
[
"public office",
"public office"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a public servant) retirement from public office"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a public servant"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "ja:Politics",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 12 11 4 1 4 1 4 17 15 4 17 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 13 12 2 1 2 1 2 20 16 5 19 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 5 1 5 0 5 18 14 8 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 6 18 15 11 16 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 5 1 5 0 5 15 13 13 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 3 1 3 0 3 16 14 17 15 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 6 1 6 0 6 15 13 12 14 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 26 30 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 33 23 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 5 2 5 1 5 15 16 6 15 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Rose family plants",
"orig": "ja:Rose family plants",
"parents": [
"Rosales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"going into the opposition"
],
"id": "en-下野-ja-noun-c0UsWiBH",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"political party",
"political party"
],
[
"going",
"going"
],
[
"opposition",
"opposition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics, of a political party) going into the opposition"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a political party"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "げや"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡe̞ja̠]"
}
],
"word": "下野"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "下",
"3": "野",
"t1": "below, lower",
"t2": "field",
"tr1": "ge",
"tr2": "ya"
},
"expansion": "下 (ge, “below, lower”) + 野 (ya, “field”)",
"name": "com"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested around the early 1930s.\nAppears to be coined in Japan from Middle Chinese-derived elements 下 (ge, “below, lower”) + 野 (ya, “field”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下野する",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"げ"
],
[
"野",
"や"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "geya suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "下野し",
"roman": "geya shi",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"げ"
],
[
"野",
"や"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "下野した",
"roman": "geya shita",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"げ"
],
[
"野",
"や"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "下野し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "げやし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "geya shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "下野する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "げやする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "geya suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "下野すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "げやすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "geya sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "下野せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "下野しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "げやせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "げやしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "geya seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "geya shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "下野される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "げやされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "geya sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "下野させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "下野さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "げやさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "げやさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "geya saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "geya sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "下野できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "げやできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "geya dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "下野しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "げやしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "geya shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "下野しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "げやしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "geya shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "下野せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "げやせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "geya sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "下野します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "げやします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "geya shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "下野した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "げやした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "geya shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "下野して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "げやして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "geya shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "下野すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "げやすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "geya sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "opposition party",
"roman": "yatō",
"ruby": [
[
"野",
"や"
],
[
"党",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "野党"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 5 12 11 4 1 4 1 4 17 15 4 17 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 13 12 2 1 2 1 2 20 16 5 19 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 5 1 5 0 5 18 14 8 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 6 18 15 11 16 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 5 1 5 0 5 15 13 13 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 3 1 3 0 3 16 14 17 15 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 6 1 6 0 6 15 13 12 14 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 26 30 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 33 23 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 5 2 5 1 5 15 16 6 15 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Rose family plants",
"orig": "ja:Rose family plants",
"parents": [
"Rosales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to retire from public office"
],
"id": "en-下野-ja-verb-UfrgLyMq",
"links": [
[
"public servant",
"public servant"
],
[
"retire",
"retire"
],
[
"public office",
"public office"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a public servant) to retire from public office"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a public servant"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "野に下る"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "ja:Politics",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "33 26 30 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 33 23 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to go into the opposition"
],
"id": "en-下野-ja-verb-avtwmHxj",
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"political party",
"political party"
],
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"opposition",
"opposition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics, of a political party) to go into the opposition"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a political party"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "げや"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡe̞ja̠]"
}
],
"word": "下野"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Shimotsuke Yakushiji Ato",
"ruby": [
[
"下野",
"しもつけ"
],
[
"薬",
"やく"
],
[
"師寺",
"しじ"
],
[
"址",
"あと"
]
],
"word": "下野薬師寺址"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kishimotsuke",
"ruby": [
[
"木",
"き"
],
[
"下野",
"しもつけ"
]
],
"word": "木下野"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "下野国",
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "下野市",
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Shimotsuke"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨simo₁tuke₂⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨simo₁tuke₂⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"nocap": "1",
"sort": "しもつけ"
},
"expansion": "clipping",
"name": "clipping"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "下毛野",
"lit": "Lower Keno",
"tr": "Simo₁tuke₂no₁ → Shimotsukeno"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 下毛野 (Simo₁tuke₂no₁ → Shimotsukeno, literally “Lower Keno”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨simo₁tuke₂⟩ → */simʷotukei̯/ → /ɕimot͡suke/\nOriginally a clipping of Old Japanese 下毛野 (Simo₁tuke₂no₁ → Shimotsukeno, literally “Lower Keno”).\nThe meadowsweet sense was first attested in The Pillow Book (1002), from the province where the flower was first discovered.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下野",
"ruby": [
[
"下野",
"しもつけ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Shimotsuke",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "しもつけ"
},
"expansion": "下野(しもつけ) • (Shimotsuke)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Kōzuke",
"ruby": [
[
"上野",
"こうずけ"
]
],
"word": "上野"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Shimotsuke-no-kuni): Shimotsuke Province, an old province of Japan, now part of Tochigi Prefecture",
"word": "下野国"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 12 11 4 1 4 1 4 17 15 4 17 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 13 12 2 1 2 1 2 20 16 5 19 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 5 1 5 0 5 18 14 8 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 6 18 15 11 16 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 5 1 5 0 5 15 13 13 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 3 1 3 0 3 16 14 17 15 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 6 1 6 0 6 15 13 12 14 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 11 6 1 6 1 6 7 8 3 8 4",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Provinces of Japan",
"orig": "ja:Provinces of Japan",
"parents": [
"Provinces",
"Places",
"Political subdivisions",
"Names",
"Polities",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 5 2 5 1 5 15 16 6 15 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Rose family plants",
"orig": "ja:Rose family plants",
"parents": [
"Rosales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a placename, such as that of:",
"Short for 下野国 (Shimotsuke-no-kuni): Shimotsuke Province, an old province of Japan, now part of Tochigi Prefecture"
],
"id": "en-下野-ja-name-2vRTLMFX",
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"下野国",
"下野国#Japanese"
],
[
"old",
"old"
],
[
"province",
"province"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan"
],
[
"Tochigi",
"Tochigi"
],
[
"Prefecture",
"prefecture"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"a placename, such as that of:",
"(historical) Short for 下野国 (Shimotsuke-no-kuni): Shimotsuke Province, an old province of Japan, now part of Tochigi Prefecture"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "野州"
}
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"historical"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Shimotsuke-shi): Shimotsuke (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)",
"word": "下野市"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Cities in Japan",
"orig": "ja:Cities in Japan",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Cities in Tochigi Prefecture",
"orig": "ja:Cities in Tochigi Prefecture",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Places in Japan",
"orig": "ja:Places in Japan",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Places in Tochigi Prefecture",
"orig": "ja:Places in Tochigi Prefecture",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 12 11 4 1 4 1 4 17 15 4 17 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 3 13 12 2 1 2 1 2 20 16 5 19 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 5 1 5 0 5 18 14 8 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 6 18 15 11 16 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 5 1 5 0 5 15 13 13 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 3 1 3 0 3 16 14 17 15 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 6 1 6 0 6 15 13 12 14 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 5 2 5 1 5 15 16 6 15 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Rose family plants",
"orig": "ja:Rose family plants",
"parents": [
"Rosales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a placename, such as that of:",
"Short for 下野市 (Shimotsuke-shi): Shimotsuke (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)"
],
"id": "en-下野-ja-name-Vf17-AxY",
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"下野市",
"下野市#Japanese"
],
[
"Shimotsuke",
"Shimotsuke#English"
],
[
"Tochigi",
"Tochigi#English"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"a placename, such as that of:",
"Short for 下野市 (Shimotsuke-shi): Shimotsuke (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan) [2006–]"
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-下野-ja-name-v2O7m9sM",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"The Pillow Book",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "下野"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "下野国",
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "下野市",
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Shimotsuke"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨simo₁tuke₂⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨simo₁tuke₂⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"nocap": "1",
"sort": "しもつけ"
},
"expansion": "clipping",
"name": "clipping"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "下毛野",
"lit": "Lower Keno",
"tr": "Simo₁tuke₂no₁ → Shimotsukeno"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 下毛野 (Simo₁tuke₂no₁ → Shimotsukeno, literally “Lower Keno”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨simo₁tuke₂⟩ → */simʷotukei̯/ → /ɕimot͡suke/\nOriginally a clipping of Old Japanese 下毛野 (Simo₁tuke₂no₁ → Shimotsukeno, literally “Lower Keno”).\nThe meadowsweet sense was first attested in The Pillow Book (1002), from the province where the flower was first discovered.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下野",
"ruby": [
[
"下野",
"しもつけ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "下野",
"ruby": [
[
"下野",
"シモツケ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shimotsuke",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "しもつけ",
"2": "シモツケ"
},
"expansion": "下野(しもつけ) or 下野(シモツケ) • (shimotsuke)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 14 6 18 15 11 16 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 5 1 5 0 5 15 13 13 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 10 3 10 1 10 5 8 32 7 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 11 3 1 3 0 3 16 14 17 15 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 6 1 6 0 6 15 13 12 14 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "shimotsuke-ka",
"ruby": [
[
"下野",
"シモツケ"
],
[
"科",
"か"
]
],
"word": "下野科"
},
{
"english": "Filipendula multijuga",
"roman": "shimotsukesō",
"ruby": [
[
"下野",
"シモツケ"
],
[
"草",
"ソウ"
]
],
"word": "下野草"
},
{
"roman": "akanuma shimotsuke",
"ruby": [
[
"赤沼",
"アカヌマ"
],
[
"下野",
"シモツケ"
]
],
"word": "赤沼下野"
},
{
"english": "Spiraea nipponica",
"roman": "iwa shimotsuke",
"ruby": [
[
"岩",
"イワ"
],
[
"下野",
"シモツケ"
]
],
"word": "岩下野"
},
{
"english": "Spiraea media subsp. media var. sericea",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"エゾ"
],
[
"下野",
"シモツケ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo shimotsuke",
"word": "蝦夷下野"
},
{
"roman": "kusa shimotsuke",
"ruby": [
[
"草",
"クサ"
],
[
"下野",
"シモツケ"
]
],
"word": "草下野"
},
{
"roman": "koba no shimotsuke",
"ruby": [
[
"小",
"こ"
],
[
"葉",
"ば"
],
[
"下野",
"しもつけ"
]
],
"word": "小葉の下野"
},
{
"english": "Spiraea salicifolia",
"roman": "hozaki shimotsuke",
"ruby": [
[
"穂",
"ホ"
],
[
"咲",
"ザキ"
],
[
"下",
"シモ"
],
[
"野",
"ツケ"
]
],
"word": "穂咲下野"
},
{
"english": "Spiraea betulifolia",
"roman": "maruba shimotsuke",
"ruby": [
[
"丸",
"マル"
],
[
"葉",
"バ"
],
[
"下野",
"シモツケ"
]
],
"word": "丸葉下野"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the Japanese meadowsweet, Spiraea japonica"
],
"id": "en-下野-ja-noun-Cnmz3Tbh",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "木下野"
}
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"The Pillow Book",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "下野"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "下",
"3": "野",
"sort": "しもの",
"t1": "lower",
"t2": "field",
"tr1": "shimo",
"tr2": "no"
},
"expansion": "下 (shimo, “lower”) + 野 (no, “field”)",
"name": "com"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 下 (shimo, “lower”) + 野 (no, “field”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下野",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"しも"
],
[
"野",
"の"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Shimono",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "しもの"
},
"expansion": "下(しも)野(の) • (Shimono)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a placename"
],
"id": "en-下野-ja-name-M1g9SmfF",
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-下野-ja-name-v2O7m9sM1",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"word": "下野"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "下",
"3": "野",
"sort": "したの",
"t1": "below",
"t2": "field",
"tr1": "shita",
"tr2": "no"
},
"expansion": "下 (shita, “below”) + 野 (no, “field”)",
"name": "com"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 下 (shita, “below”) + 野 (no, “field”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下野",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"した"
],
[
"野",
"の"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Shitano",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "したの"
},
"expansion": "下(した)野(の) • (Shitano)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a placename"
],
"id": "en-下野-ja-name-M1g9SmfF1",
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-下野-ja-name-v2O7m9sM1",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"word": "下野"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Provinces of Japan",
"ja:Rose family plants"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "下",
"3": "野",
"t1": "below, lower",
"t2": "field",
"tr1": "ge",
"tr2": "ya"
},
"expansion": "下 (ge, “below, lower”) + 野 (ya, “field”)",
"name": "com"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested around the early 1930s.\nAppears to be coined in Japan from Middle Chinese-derived elements 下 (ge, “below, lower”) + 野 (ya, “field”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下野",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"げ"
],
[
"野",
"や"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "geya",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "げや"
},
"expansion": "下(げ)野(や) • (geya)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"retirement from public office"
],
"links": [
[
"public servant",
"public servant"
],
[
"retirement",
"retirement"
],
[
"public office",
"public office"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a public servant) retirement from public office"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a public servant"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ja:Politics"
],
"glosses": [
"going into the opposition"
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"political party",
"political party"
],
[
"going",
"going"
],
[
"opposition",
"opposition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics, of a political party) going into the opposition"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a political party"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "げや"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡe̞ja̠]"
}
],
"word": "下野"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Japanese verbs without transitivity",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Provinces of Japan",
"ja:Rose family plants"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Chinese",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "下",
"3": "野",
"t1": "below, lower",
"t2": "field",
"tr1": "ge",
"tr2": "ya"
},
"expansion": "下 (ge, “below, lower”) + 野 (ya, “field”)",
"name": "com"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested around the early 1930s.\nAppears to be coined in Japan from Middle Chinese-derived elements 下 (ge, “below, lower”) + 野 (ya, “field”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下野する",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"げ"
],
[
"野",
"や"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "geya suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "下野し",
"roman": "geya shi",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"げ"
],
[
"野",
"や"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "下野した",
"roman": "geya shita",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"げ"
],
[
"野",
"や"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "下野し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "げやし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "geya shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "下野する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "げやする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "geya suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "下野すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "げやすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "geya sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "下野せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "下野しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "げやせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "げやしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "geya seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "geya shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "下野される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "げやされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "geya sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "下野させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "下野さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "げやさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "げやさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "geya saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "geya sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "下野できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "げやできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "geya dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "下野しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "げやしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "geya shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "下野しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "げやしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "geya shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "下野せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "げやせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "geya sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "下野します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "げやします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "geya shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "下野した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "げやした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "geya shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "下野して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "げやして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "geya shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "下野すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "げやすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "geya sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "opposition party",
"roman": "yatō",
"ruby": [
[
"野",
"や"
],
[
"党",
"とう"
]
],
"word": "野党"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to retire from public office"
],
"links": [
[
"public servant",
"public servant"
],
[
"retire",
"retire"
],
[
"public office",
"public office"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a public servant) to retire from public office"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a public servant"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "野に下る"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ja:Politics"
],
"glosses": [
"to go into the opposition"
],
"links": [
[
"politics",
"politics"
],
[
"political party",
"political party"
],
[
"go",
"go"
],
[
"opposition",
"opposition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(politics, of a political party) to go into the opposition"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a political party"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"politics"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "げや"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡe̞ja̠]"
}
],
"word": "下野"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Japanese clippings",
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Provinces of Japan",
"ja:Rose family plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Shimotsuke Yakushiji Ato",
"ruby": [
[
"下野",
"しもつけ"
],
[
"薬",
"やく"
],
[
"師寺",
"しじ"
],
[
"址",
"あと"
]
],
"word": "下野薬師寺址"
},
{
"roman": "kishimotsuke",
"ruby": [
[
"木",
"き"
],
[
"下野",
"しもつけ"
]
],
"word": "木下野"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "下野国",
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "下野市",
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Shimotsuke"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨simo₁tuke₂⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨simo₁tuke₂⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"nocap": "1",
"sort": "しもつけ"
},
"expansion": "clipping",
"name": "clipping"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "下毛野",
"lit": "Lower Keno",
"tr": "Simo₁tuke₂no₁ → Shimotsukeno"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 下毛野 (Simo₁tuke₂no₁ → Shimotsukeno, literally “Lower Keno”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨simo₁tuke₂⟩ → */simʷotukei̯/ → /ɕimot͡suke/\nOriginally a clipping of Old Japanese 下毛野 (Simo₁tuke₂no₁ → Shimotsukeno, literally “Lower Keno”).\nThe meadowsweet sense was first attested in The Pillow Book (1002), from the province where the flower was first discovered.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下野",
"ruby": [
[
"下野",
"しもつけ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Shimotsuke",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "しもつけ"
},
"expansion": "下野(しもつけ) • (Shimotsuke)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"roman": "Kōzuke",
"ruby": [
[
"上野",
"こうずけ"
]
],
"word": "上野"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Shimotsuke-no-kuni): Shimotsuke Province, an old province of Japan, now part of Tochigi Prefecture",
"word": "下野国"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese short forms",
"Japanese terms with historical senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a placename, such as that of:",
"Short for 下野国 (Shimotsuke-no-kuni): Shimotsuke Province, an old province of Japan, now part of Tochigi Prefecture"
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"下野国",
"下野国#Japanese"
],
[
"old",
"old"
],
[
"province",
"province"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan"
],
[
"Tochigi",
"Tochigi"
],
[
"Prefecture",
"prefecture"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"a placename, such as that of:",
"(historical) Short for 下野国 (Shimotsuke-no-kuni): Shimotsuke Province, an old province of Japan, now part of Tochigi Prefecture"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "野州"
}
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"historical"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(Shimotsuke-shi): Shimotsuke (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)",
"word": "下野市"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese short forms",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ja:Cities in Japan",
"ja:Cities in Tochigi Prefecture",
"ja:Places in Japan",
"ja:Places in Tochigi Prefecture"
],
"glosses": [
"a placename, such as that of:",
"Short for 下野市 (Shimotsuke-shi): Shimotsuke (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan)"
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
],
[
"下野市",
"下野市#Japanese"
],
[
"Shimotsuke",
"Shimotsuke#English"
],
[
"Tochigi",
"Tochigi#English"
],
[
"Japan",
"Japan#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"a placename, such as that of:",
"Short for 下野市 (Shimotsuke-shi): Shimotsuke (a city in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan) [2006–]"
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese surnames",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"The Pillow Book",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "下野"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Japanese clippings",
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Provinces of Japan",
"ja:Rose family plants"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "shimotsuke-ka",
"ruby": [
[
"下野",
"シモツケ"
],
[
"科",
"か"
]
],
"word": "下野科"
},
{
"english": "Filipendula multijuga",
"roman": "shimotsukesō",
"ruby": [
[
"下野",
"シモツケ"
],
[
"草",
"ソウ"
]
],
"word": "下野草"
},
{
"roman": "akanuma shimotsuke",
"ruby": [
[
"赤沼",
"アカヌマ"
],
[
"下野",
"シモツケ"
]
],
"word": "赤沼下野"
},
{
"english": "Spiraea nipponica",
"roman": "iwa shimotsuke",
"ruby": [
[
"岩",
"イワ"
],
[
"下野",
"シモツケ"
]
],
"word": "岩下野"
},
{
"english": "Spiraea media subsp. media var. sericea",
"ruby": [
[
"蝦夷",
"エゾ"
],
[
"下野",
"シモツケ"
]
],
"taxonomic": "Ezo shimotsuke",
"word": "蝦夷下野"
},
{
"roman": "kusa shimotsuke",
"ruby": [
[
"草",
"クサ"
],
[
"下野",
"シモツケ"
]
],
"word": "草下野"
},
{
"roman": "koba no shimotsuke",
"ruby": [
[
"小",
"こ"
],
[
"葉",
"ば"
],
[
"下野",
"しもつけ"
]
],
"word": "小葉の下野"
},
{
"english": "Spiraea salicifolia",
"roman": "hozaki shimotsuke",
"ruby": [
[
"穂",
"ホ"
],
[
"咲",
"ザキ"
],
[
"下",
"シモ"
],
[
"野",
"ツケ"
]
],
"word": "穂咲下野"
},
{
"english": "Spiraea betulifolia",
"roman": "maruba shimotsuke",
"ruby": [
[
"丸",
"マル"
],
[
"葉",
"バ"
],
[
"下野",
"シモツケ"
]
],
"word": "丸葉下野"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "下野国",
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "下野市",
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Shimotsuke"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨simo₁tuke₂⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨simo₁tuke₂⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"nocap": "1",
"sort": "しもつけ"
},
"expansion": "clipping",
"name": "clipping"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "下毛野",
"lit": "Lower Keno",
"tr": "Simo₁tuke₂no₁ → Shimotsukeno"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese 下毛野 (Simo₁tuke₂no₁ → Shimotsukeno, literally “Lower Keno”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨simo₁tuke₂⟩ → */simʷotukei̯/ → /ɕimot͡suke/\nOriginally a clipping of Old Japanese 下毛野 (Simo₁tuke₂no₁ → Shimotsukeno, literally “Lower Keno”).\nThe meadowsweet sense was first attested in The Pillow Book (1002), from the province where the flower was first discovered.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下野",
"ruby": [
[
"下野",
"しもつけ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "下野",
"ruby": [
[
"下野",
"シモツケ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "shimotsuke",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "しもつけ",
"2": "シモツケ"
},
"expansion": "下野(しもつけ) or 下野(シモツケ) • (shimotsuke)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
],
"glosses": [
"the Japanese meadowsweet, Spiraea japonica"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "木下野"
}
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"The Pillow Book",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "下野"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Provinces of Japan",
"ja:Rose family plants"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "下",
"3": "野",
"sort": "しもの",
"t1": "lower",
"t2": "field",
"tr1": "shimo",
"tr2": "no"
},
"expansion": "下 (shimo, “lower”) + 野 (no, “field”)",
"name": "com"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 下 (shimo, “lower”) + 野 (no, “field”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下野",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"しも"
],
[
"野",
"の"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Shimono",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "しもの"
},
"expansion": "下(しも)野(の) • (Shimono)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a placename"
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese surnames",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"word": "下野"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese proper nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"ja:Provinces of Japan",
"ja:Rose family plants"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "下",
"3": "野",
"sort": "したの",
"t1": "below",
"t2": "field",
"tr1": "shita",
"tr2": "no"
},
"expansion": "下 (shita, “below”) + 野 (no, “field”)",
"name": "com"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 下 (shita, “below”) + 野 (no, “field”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "下野",
"ruby": [
[
"下",
"した"
],
[
"野",
"の"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "Shitano",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "proper",
"2": "したの"
},
"expansion": "下(した)野(の) • (Shitano)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a placename"
],
"links": [
[
"placename",
"placename#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese surnames",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"word": "下野"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 下野 meaning in Japanese (19.9kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"下野"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "下野",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"下野"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "下野",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"下野"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "下野",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"下野"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "下野",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"下野"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "下野",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"下野"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "下野",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"下野"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "下野",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"下野"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "下野",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"下野"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "下野",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"下野"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "下野",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"下野"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "proper noun",
"title": "下野",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.