"ci" meaning in Italian

See ci in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adverb

IPA: /t͡ʃi/, /t͡ʃi/
Etymology: Uncertain. Rohlfs and Von Wartburg favoured/favored Late Latin ecce hīc. Maiden casts doubt on this etymology, pointing out that Italian ci is an unstressed 'weak' form, while Latin hic otherwise survives in Italian only in stressed forms (reinforced by Latin ecce or eccum) such as ciò, qua, and qui. (It should also be noted that all of the latter trigger syntactic doubling in a following word, thanks to their original final /k/, while ci does not.) Maiden proposes instead an origin in Latin hince, variant of hinc (“hence, from here”), pointing out that in parts of southern Italy there exists a 1PL pronoun 'nci (cf. also 'nce). Treccani, on the other hand, proposes an origin in Latin hīce, a variant of hīc (“here”). In any case, the Italian term is certainly cognate with Neapolitan ce, Sicilian cci and Sassarese zi, all three of which share similar adverbial senses, with the latter two also having pronominal senses. Etymology templates: {{unc|it}} Uncertain, {{m|LL.|ecce hīc}} ecce hīc, {{m|it|ci}} ci, {{m|la|hic}} hic, {{m|la|ecce}} ecce, {{m|la|eccum}} eccum, {{m|it|ciò}} ciò, {{m|it|qua}} qua, {{m|it|qui}} qui, {{m|it|ci}} ci, {{m|la|hince}} hince, {{m|la|hinc||hence, from here}} hinc (“hence, from here”), {{m|nap|'nci}} 'nci, {{m|nap|nce|'nce}} 'nce, {{m|la|hīce}} hīce, {{m|la|hīc||here}} hīc (“here”), {{cog|nap|ce}} Neapolitan ce, {{cog|scn|cci}} Sicilian cci, {{cog|sdc|zi}} Sassarese zi Head templates: {{it-adv}} ci
  1. to there, here, there Synonyms: vi (alt: formal)
    Sense id: en-ci-it-adv-vu596-xY
  2. forms part of many verbs:
    Sense id: en-ci-it-adv-eXbJoS2l
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: -ci [enclitic] Related terms: ivi, là, qua, qui
Etymology number: 2

Noun

IPA: /ˈt͡ʃi/ (note: most common outside of Tuscany)
Rhymes: -i Etymology: From Latin cē (the name of the letter C). Etymology templates: {{m|la|C}} C, {{der|it|la|cē|pos=the name of the letter <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">C</i>}} Latin cē (the name of the letter C) Head templates: {{it-noun|f|#}} ci f (invariable)
  1. The name of the Latin-script letter C.; cee Tags: feminine, invariable Categories (topical): Latin letter names
    Sense id: en-ci-it-noun-CdVDAzpH Related terms: lettera [Latin, letter-name], a [Latin, letter-name], bi [Latin, letter-name], di [Latin, letter-name], e [Latin, letter-name], effe [Latin, letter-name], gi [Latin, letter-name], acca [Latin, letter-name], i [Latin, letter-name], gei [Latin, letter-name], i lunga [Latin, letter-name], cappa [Latin, letter-name], elle [Latin, letter-name], emme [Latin, letter-name], enne [Latin, letter-name], o [Latin, letter-name], pi [Latin, letter-name], cu [Latin, letter-name], erre [Latin, letter-name], esse [Latin, letter-name], ti [Latin, letter-name], u [Latin, letter-name], vu [Latin, letter-name], vi [Latin, letter-name], doppia vu [Latin, letter-name], ics [Latin, letter-name], ipsilon [Latin, letter-name], i greca [Latin, letter-name], zeta [Latin, letter-name]
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

Head templates: {{it-noun|m|-}} ci m (uncountable)
  1. the Twi language family Tags: masculine, uncountable Categories (topical): Languages Synonyms: tchi, twi, kyi
    Sense id: en-ci-it-noun-gnKefwtR Disambiguation of Languages: 1 5 25 52 0 11 0 6 0 Categories (other): Italian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Italian entries with incorrect language header: 1 2 11 53 0 25 0 8 0
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Pronoun

IPA: /t͡ʃi/, /t͡ʃi/
Etymology: Uncertain. Rohlfs and Von Wartburg favoured/favored Late Latin ecce hīc. Maiden casts doubt on this etymology, pointing out that Italian ci is an unstressed 'weak' form, while Latin hic otherwise survives in Italian only in stressed forms (reinforced by Latin ecce or eccum) such as ciò, qua, and qui. (It should also be noted that all of the latter trigger syntactic doubling in a following word, thanks to their original final /k/, while ci does not.) Maiden proposes instead an origin in Latin hince, variant of hinc (“hence, from here”), pointing out that in parts of southern Italy there exists a 1PL pronoun 'nci (cf. also 'nce). Treccani, on the other hand, proposes an origin in Latin hīce, a variant of hīc (“here”). In any case, the Italian term is certainly cognate with Neapolitan ce, Sicilian cci and Sassarese zi, all three of which share similar adverbial senses, with the latter two also having pronominal senses. Etymology templates: {{unc|it}} Uncertain, {{m|LL.|ecce hīc}} ecce hīc, {{m|it|ci}} ci, {{m|la|hic}} hic, {{m|la|ecce}} ecce, {{m|la|eccum}} eccum, {{m|it|ciò}} ciò, {{m|it|qua}} qua, {{m|it|qui}} qui, {{m|it|ci}} ci, {{m|la|hince}} hince, {{m|la|hinc||hence, from here}} hinc (“hence, from here”), {{m|nap|'nci}} 'nci, {{m|nap|nce|'nce}} 'nce, {{m|la|hīce}} hīce, {{m|la|hīc||here}} hīc (“here”), {{cog|nap|ce}} Neapolitan ce, {{cog|scn|cci}} Sicilian cci, {{cog|sdc|zi}} Sassarese zi Head templates: {{head|it|pronoun}} ci
  1. us
    Sense id: en-ci-it-pron-ea2yovzl
  2. (reflexive) ourselves; each other Tags: reflexive
    Sense id: en-ci-it-pron-WgzXIOqe Categories (other): Italian reflexive pronouns, Italian pronouns Disambiguation of Italian pronouns: 10 10 9 40 9 23 0
  3. to us
    Sense id: en-ci-it-pron-z8xMQYaY
  4. replaces the indefinite personal pronoun si (“one”) before reflexive si (“oneself”); one
    Sense id: en-ci-it-pron-h~0GC1Q~
  5. it, to it
    Sense id: en-ci-it-pron-1HmCfvLq
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: -ci [enclitic]
Etymology number: 2 Related terms: io, mi, m', -mi, me, —, tu, ti, t', -ti, te, lui, si2, s', -si, lo, l', -lo, gli, -gli, glie, se2, sé, c', vi, v' [formal], ne, n', lei, Lei1, la, La1, L'1, -la, -La1, le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1, noi, -ci, ce, voi, Voi4, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4, ve, loro, Loro1, si, li, Li1, -li, -Li1, loro [formal], se, le, -le, 1, Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects. Unlike the singular forms (english: with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects), the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead, 2, Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning (english: one), and to form the passive, 3, Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language, 4, Formal (english: capitalisation optional), in many regions, can refer to just one person (english: compare with French vous)

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for ci meaning in Italian (15.8kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "C"
      },
      "expansion": "C",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cē",
        "pos": "the name of the letter <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">C</i>"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cē (the name of the letter C)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin cē (the name of the letter C).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "#"
      },
      "expansion": "ci f (invariable)",
      "name": "it-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "cì"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "it",
          "name": "Latin letter names",
          "orig": "it:Latin letter names",
          "parents": [
            "Letter names",
            "Letters, symbols, and punctuation",
            "Names",
            "Orthography",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Writing",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Language",
            "Lemmas",
            "Human",
            "Communication"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The name of the Latin-script letter C.; cee"
      ],
      "id": "en-ci-it-noun-CdVDAzpH",
      "links": [
        [
          "C",
          "C#Italian"
        ],
        [
          "cee",
          "cee"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "lettera"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "a"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "bi"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "di"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "e"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "effe"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "gi"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "acca"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "i"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "gei"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "i lunga"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "cappa"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "elle"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "emme"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "enne"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "o"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "pi"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "cu"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "erre"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "esse"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "ti"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "u"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "vu"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "vi"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "doppia vu"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "ics"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "ipsilon"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "i greca"
        },
        {
          "tags": [
            "Latin",
            "letter-name"
          ],
          "word": "zeta"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "invariable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃi/",
      "note": "most common outside of Tuscany"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-i"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ci"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "LL.",
        "2": "ecce hīc"
      },
      "expansion": "ecce hīc",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ci"
      },
      "expansion": "ci",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hic"
      },
      "expansion": "hic",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ecce"
      },
      "expansion": "ecce",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "eccum"
      },
      "expansion": "eccum",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ciò"
      },
      "expansion": "ciò",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "qua"
      },
      "expansion": "qua",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "qui"
      },
      "expansion": "qui",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ci"
      },
      "expansion": "ci",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hince"
      },
      "expansion": "hince",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hinc",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hence, from here"
      },
      "expansion": "hinc (“hence, from here”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nap",
        "2": "'nci"
      },
      "expansion": "'nci",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nap",
        "2": "nce",
        "3": "'nce"
      },
      "expansion": "'nce",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hīce"
      },
      "expansion": "hīce",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hīc",
        "3": "",
        "4": "here"
      },
      "expansion": "hīc (“here”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nap",
        "2": "ce"
      },
      "expansion": "Neapolitan ce",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scn",
        "2": "cci"
      },
      "expansion": "Sicilian cci",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sdc",
        "2": "zi"
      },
      "expansion": "Sassarese zi",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Rohlfs and Von Wartburg favoured/favored Late Latin ecce hīc. Maiden casts doubt on this etymology, pointing out that Italian ci is an unstressed 'weak' form, while Latin hic otherwise survives in Italian only in stressed forms (reinforced by Latin ecce or eccum) such as ciò, qua, and qui. (It should also be noted that all of the latter trigger syntactic doubling in a following word, thanks to their original final /k/, while ci does not.) Maiden proposes instead an origin in Latin hince, variant of hinc (“hence, from here”), pointing out that in parts of southern Italy there exists a 1PL pronoun 'nci (cf. also 'nce). Treccani, on the other hand, proposes an origin in Latin hīce, a variant of hīc (“here”). In any case, the Italian term is certainly cognate with Neapolitan ce, Sicilian cci and Sassarese zi, all three of which share similar adverbial senses, with the latter two also having pronominal senses.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "pronoun"
      },
      "expansion": "ci",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ci"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "pron",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "io"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "mi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "m'"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-mi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "me"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "—"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tu"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ti"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "t'"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-ti"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "te"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lui"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "si2"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "s'"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-si"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "l'"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-lo"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "gli"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-gli"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "glie"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "se2"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sé"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "c'"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "vi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "v'"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ne"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "n'"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "lei"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Lei1"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "la"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "La1"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "L'1"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-la"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-La1"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "le3"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Le1"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-le3"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-Le1"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "noi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-ci"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ce"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "voi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Voi4"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Vi4"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "v'"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "V'4"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-vi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-Vi4"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "ve"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "loro"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Loro1"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "si"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "li"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Li1"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-li"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-Li1"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "loro"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "se"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "le"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-le"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "1"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects",
      "word": "Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects. Unlike the singular forms"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "2"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "one",
      "word": "Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "and to form the passive"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "3"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "Often replaced by gli"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "-gli in informal language"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "4"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "capitalisation optional",
      "word": "Formal"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "in many regions"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "english": "compare with French vous",
      "word": "can refer to just one person"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "They know us",
          "text": "Loro ci conoscono",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "us"
      ],
      "id": "en-ci-it-pron-ea2yovzl",
      "links": [
        [
          "us",
          "us"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian reflexive pronouns",
          "parents": [
            "Reflexive pronouns",
            "Personal pronouns",
            "Pronouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 10 9 40 9 23 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian pronouns",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "We (ourselves) get angry",
          "text": "Ci arrabbiamo",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "We love each other",
          "text": "Ci amiamo",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ourselves; each other"
      ],
      "id": "en-ci-it-pron-WgzXIOqe",
      "links": [
        [
          "ourselves",
          "ourselves"
        ],
        [
          "each other",
          "each other"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) ourselves; each other"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He said this to us",
          "text": "Lui ci ha detto questo",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to us"
      ],
      "id": "en-ci-it-pron-z8xMQYaY",
      "links": [
        [
          "us",
          "us"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "One washes oneself.",
          "text": "Ci si lava.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "One gets bored when there is nothing to do.",
          "text": "Ci si annoia quando non c'è niente da fare.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "replaces the indefinite personal pronoun si (“one”) before reflexive si (“oneself”); one"
      ],
      "id": "en-ci-it-pron-h~0GC1Q~",
      "links": [
        [
          "si",
          "si#Italian"
        ],
        [
          "one",
          "one"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I do not believe it.",
          "text": "Non ci credo.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "it, to it"
      ],
      "id": "en-ci-it-pron-1HmCfvLq"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃi/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃi/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "enclitic"
      ],
      "word": "-ci"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch"
  ],
  "word": "ci"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "LL.",
        "2": "ecce hīc"
      },
      "expansion": "ecce hīc",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ci"
      },
      "expansion": "ci",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hic"
      },
      "expansion": "hic",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ecce"
      },
      "expansion": "ecce",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "eccum"
      },
      "expansion": "eccum",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ciò"
      },
      "expansion": "ciò",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "qua"
      },
      "expansion": "qua",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "qui"
      },
      "expansion": "qui",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ci"
      },
      "expansion": "ci",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hince"
      },
      "expansion": "hince",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hinc",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hence, from here"
      },
      "expansion": "hinc (“hence, from here”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nap",
        "2": "'nci"
      },
      "expansion": "'nci",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nap",
        "2": "nce",
        "3": "'nce"
      },
      "expansion": "'nce",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hīce"
      },
      "expansion": "hīce",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hīc",
        "3": "",
        "4": "here"
      },
      "expansion": "hīc (“here”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nap",
        "2": "ce"
      },
      "expansion": "Neapolitan ce",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scn",
        "2": "cci"
      },
      "expansion": "Sicilian cci",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sdc",
        "2": "zi"
      },
      "expansion": "Sassarese zi",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Rohlfs and Von Wartburg favoured/favored Late Latin ecce hīc. Maiden casts doubt on this etymology, pointing out that Italian ci is an unstressed 'weak' form, while Latin hic otherwise survives in Italian only in stressed forms (reinforced by Latin ecce or eccum) such as ciò, qua, and qui. (It should also be noted that all of the latter trigger syntactic doubling in a following word, thanks to their original final /k/, while ci does not.) Maiden proposes instead an origin in Latin hince, variant of hinc (“hence, from here”), pointing out that in parts of southern Italy there exists a 1PL pronoun 'nci (cf. also 'nce). Treccani, on the other hand, proposes an origin in Latin hīce, a variant of hīc (“here”). In any case, the Italian term is certainly cognate with Neapolitan ce, Sicilian cci and Sassarese zi, all three of which share similar adverbial senses, with the latter two also having pronominal senses.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ci",
      "name": "it-adv"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ci"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "adv",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ivi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "là"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "qua"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "qui"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I have been there",
          "text": "Ci sono andato",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "We're here",
          "text": "Ci siamo",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "There are many things",
          "text": "Ci sono molte cose",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "There is a problem",
          "text": "C'è un problema",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to there, here, there"
      ],
      "id": "en-ci-it-adv-vu596-xY",
      "links": [
        [
          "there",
          "there"
        ],
        [
          "here",
          "here"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "alt": "formal",
          "word": "vi"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to require/take",
          "text": "volerci",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to get used to it",
          "text": "abituarci",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to be able to do it",
          "text": "riuscirci",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to do with something",
          "text": "entrarci",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to count on it",
          "text": "contarci",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to think about it",
          "text": "pensarci",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to agree / to be up for something",
          "text": "starci",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to manage to do something",
          "text": "farcela",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to believe it",
          "text": "crederci",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms part of many verbs:",
        "forms part of many verbs"
      ],
      "id": "en-ci-it-adv-eXbJoS2l",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "forms part of many verbs:"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃi/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃi/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "enclitic"
      ],
      "word": "-ci"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch"
  ],
  "word": "ci"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ci m (uncountable)",
      "name": "it-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 2 11 53 0 25 0 8 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 5 25 52 0 11 0 6 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "it",
          "name": "Languages",
          "orig": "it:Languages",
          "parents": [
            "Language",
            "Names",
            "Communication",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the Twi language family"
      ],
      "id": "en-ci-it-noun-gnKefwtR",
      "links": [
        [
          "Twi",
          "Twi"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ],
        [
          "family",
          "family"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "tchi"
        },
        {
          "word": "twi"
        },
        {
          "word": "kyi"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ci"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Italian 1-syllable words",
    "Italian countable nouns",
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian feminine nouns",
    "Italian indeclinable nouns",
    "Italian lemmas",
    "Italian masculine nouns",
    "Italian nouns",
    "Italian terms derived from Latin",
    "Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Italian uncountable nouns",
    "Rhymes:Italian/i",
    "Rhymes:Italian/i/1 syllable",
    "it:Languages"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "C"
      },
      "expansion": "C",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "cē",
        "pos": "the name of the letter <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"la\">C</i>"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin cē (the name of the letter C)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin cē (the name of the letter C).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "#"
      },
      "expansion": "ci f (invariable)",
      "name": "it-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "cì"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "lettera"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "a"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "bi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "di"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "e"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "effe"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "gi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "acca"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "i"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "gei"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "i lunga"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "cappa"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "elle"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "emme"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "enne"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "o"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "pi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "cu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "erre"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "esse"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ti"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "u"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "vu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "vi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "doppia vu"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ics"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "ipsilon"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "i greca"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Latin",
        "letter-name"
      ],
      "word": "zeta"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "it:Latin letter names"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The name of the Latin-script letter C.; cee"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "C",
          "C#Italian"
        ],
        [
          "cee",
          "cee"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "invariable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃi/",
      "note": "most common outside of Tuscany"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-i"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ci"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Italian 1-syllable words",
    "Italian adverbs",
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian lemmas",
    "Italian masculine nouns",
    "Italian nouns",
    "Italian pronouns",
    "Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Italian terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Italian uncountable nouns",
    "Requests for attention concerning Italian",
    "it:Languages"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "LL.",
        "2": "ecce hīc"
      },
      "expansion": "ecce hīc",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ci"
      },
      "expansion": "ci",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hic"
      },
      "expansion": "hic",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ecce"
      },
      "expansion": "ecce",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "eccum"
      },
      "expansion": "eccum",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ciò"
      },
      "expansion": "ciò",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "qua"
      },
      "expansion": "qua",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "qui"
      },
      "expansion": "qui",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ci"
      },
      "expansion": "ci",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hince"
      },
      "expansion": "hince",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hinc",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hence, from here"
      },
      "expansion": "hinc (“hence, from here”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nap",
        "2": "'nci"
      },
      "expansion": "'nci",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nap",
        "2": "nce",
        "3": "'nce"
      },
      "expansion": "'nce",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hīce"
      },
      "expansion": "hīce",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hīc",
        "3": "",
        "4": "here"
      },
      "expansion": "hīc (“here”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nap",
        "2": "ce"
      },
      "expansion": "Neapolitan ce",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scn",
        "2": "cci"
      },
      "expansion": "Sicilian cci",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sdc",
        "2": "zi"
      },
      "expansion": "Sassarese zi",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Rohlfs and Von Wartburg favoured/favored Late Latin ecce hīc. Maiden casts doubt on this etymology, pointing out that Italian ci is an unstressed 'weak' form, while Latin hic otherwise survives in Italian only in stressed forms (reinforced by Latin ecce or eccum) such as ciò, qua, and qui. (It should also be noted that all of the latter trigger syntactic doubling in a following word, thanks to their original final /k/, while ci does not.) Maiden proposes instead an origin in Latin hince, variant of hinc (“hence, from here”), pointing out that in parts of southern Italy there exists a 1PL pronoun 'nci (cf. also 'nce). Treccani, on the other hand, proposes an origin in Latin hīce, a variant of hīc (“here”). In any case, the Italian term is certainly cognate with Neapolitan ce, Sicilian cci and Sassarese zi, all three of which share similar adverbial senses, with the latter two also having pronominal senses.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "pronoun"
      },
      "expansion": "ci",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ci"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "pron",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "io"
    },
    {
      "word": "mi"
    },
    {
      "word": "m'"
    },
    {
      "word": "-mi"
    },
    {
      "word": "me"
    },
    {
      "word": "—"
    },
    {
      "word": "tu"
    },
    {
      "word": "ti"
    },
    {
      "word": "t'"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ti"
    },
    {
      "word": "te"
    },
    {
      "word": "lui"
    },
    {
      "word": "si2"
    },
    {
      "word": "s'"
    },
    {
      "word": "-si"
    },
    {
      "word": "lo"
    },
    {
      "word": "l'"
    },
    {
      "word": "-lo"
    },
    {
      "word": "gli"
    },
    {
      "word": "-gli"
    },
    {
      "word": "glie"
    },
    {
      "word": "se2"
    },
    {
      "word": "sé"
    },
    {
      "word": "c'"
    },
    {
      "word": "vi"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "v'"
    },
    {
      "word": "ne"
    },
    {
      "word": "n'"
    },
    {
      "word": "lei"
    },
    {
      "word": "Lei1"
    },
    {
      "word": "la"
    },
    {
      "word": "La1"
    },
    {
      "word": "L'1"
    },
    {
      "word": "-la"
    },
    {
      "word": "-La1"
    },
    {
      "word": "le3"
    },
    {
      "word": "Le1"
    },
    {
      "word": "-le3"
    },
    {
      "word": "-Le1"
    },
    {
      "word": "noi"
    },
    {
      "word": "-ci"
    },
    {
      "word": "ce"
    },
    {
      "word": "voi"
    },
    {
      "word": "Voi4"
    },
    {
      "word": "Vi4"
    },
    {
      "word": "v'"
    },
    {
      "word": "V'4"
    },
    {
      "word": "-vi"
    },
    {
      "word": "-Vi4"
    },
    {
      "word": "ve"
    },
    {
      "word": "loro"
    },
    {
      "word": "Loro1"
    },
    {
      "word": "si"
    },
    {
      "word": "li"
    },
    {
      "word": "Li1"
    },
    {
      "word": "-li"
    },
    {
      "word": "-Li1"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ],
      "word": "loro"
    },
    {
      "word": "se"
    },
    {
      "word": "le"
    },
    {
      "word": "-le"
    },
    {
      "word": "1"
    },
    {
      "english": "with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects",
      "word": "Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects. Unlike the singular forms"
    },
    {
      "word": "the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language"
    },
    {
      "word": "and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead"
    },
    {
      "word": "2"
    },
    {
      "english": "one",
      "word": "Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning"
    },
    {
      "word": "and to form the passive"
    },
    {
      "word": "3"
    },
    {
      "word": "Often replaced by gli"
    },
    {
      "word": "-gli in informal language"
    },
    {
      "word": "4"
    },
    {
      "english": "capitalisation optional",
      "word": "Formal"
    },
    {
      "word": "in many regions"
    },
    {
      "english": "compare with French vous",
      "word": "can refer to just one person"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "They know us",
          "text": "Loro ci conoscono",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "us"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "us",
          "us"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian reflexive pronouns",
        "Italian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "We (ourselves) get angry",
          "text": "Ci arrabbiamo",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "We love each other",
          "text": "Ci amiamo",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ourselves; each other"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ourselves",
          "ourselves"
        ],
        [
          "each other",
          "each other"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(reflexive) ourselves; each other"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He said this to us",
          "text": "Lui ci ha detto questo",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to us"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "us",
          "us"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "One washes oneself.",
          "text": "Ci si lava.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "One gets bored when there is nothing to do.",
          "text": "Ci si annoia quando non c'è niente da fare.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "replaces the indefinite personal pronoun si (“one”) before reflexive si (“oneself”); one"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "si",
          "si#Italian"
        ],
        [
          "one",
          "one"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I do not believe it.",
          "text": "Non ci credo.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "it, to it"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃi/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃi/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "enclitic"
      ],
      "word": "-ci"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch"
  ],
  "word": "ci"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Italian 1-syllable words",
    "Italian adverbs",
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian lemmas",
    "Italian masculine nouns",
    "Italian nouns",
    "Italian pronouns",
    "Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Italian terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Italian uncountable nouns",
    "Requests for attention concerning Italian",
    "it:Languages"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "LL.",
        "2": "ecce hīc"
      },
      "expansion": "ecce hīc",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ci"
      },
      "expansion": "ci",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hic"
      },
      "expansion": "hic",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ecce"
      },
      "expansion": "ecce",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "eccum"
      },
      "expansion": "eccum",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ciò"
      },
      "expansion": "ciò",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "qua"
      },
      "expansion": "qua",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "qui"
      },
      "expansion": "qui",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "ci"
      },
      "expansion": "ci",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hince"
      },
      "expansion": "hince",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hinc",
        "3": "",
        "4": "hence, from here"
      },
      "expansion": "hinc (“hence, from here”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nap",
        "2": "'nci"
      },
      "expansion": "'nci",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nap",
        "2": "nce",
        "3": "'nce"
      },
      "expansion": "'nce",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hīce"
      },
      "expansion": "hīce",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "hīc",
        "3": "",
        "4": "here"
      },
      "expansion": "hīc (“here”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nap",
        "2": "ce"
      },
      "expansion": "Neapolitan ce",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scn",
        "2": "cci"
      },
      "expansion": "Sicilian cci",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sdc",
        "2": "zi"
      },
      "expansion": "Sassarese zi",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Rohlfs and Von Wartburg favoured/favored Late Latin ecce hīc. Maiden casts doubt on this etymology, pointing out that Italian ci is an unstressed 'weak' form, while Latin hic otherwise survives in Italian only in stressed forms (reinforced by Latin ecce or eccum) such as ciò, qua, and qui. (It should also be noted that all of the latter trigger syntactic doubling in a following word, thanks to their original final /k/, while ci does not.) Maiden proposes instead an origin in Latin hince, variant of hinc (“hence, from here”), pointing out that in parts of southern Italy there exists a 1PL pronoun 'nci (cf. also 'nce). Treccani, on the other hand, proposes an origin in Latin hīce, a variant of hīc (“here”). In any case, the Italian term is certainly cognate with Neapolitan ce, Sicilian cci and Sassarese zi, all three of which share similar adverbial senses, with the latter two also having pronominal senses.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "ci",
      "name": "it-adv"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ci"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "adv",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "ivi"
    },
    {
      "word": "là"
    },
    {
      "word": "qua"
    },
    {
      "word": "qui"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I have been there",
          "text": "Ci sono andato",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "We're here",
          "text": "Ci siamo",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "There are many things",
          "text": "Ci sono molte cose",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "There is a problem",
          "text": "C'è un problema",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to there, here, there"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "there",
          "there"
        ],
        [
          "here",
          "here"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "alt": "formal",
          "word": "vi"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Italian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to require/take",
          "text": "volerci",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to get used to it",
          "text": "abituarci",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to be able to do it",
          "text": "riuscirci",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to do with something",
          "text": "entrarci",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to count on it",
          "text": "contarci",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to think about it",
          "text": "pensarci",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to agree / to be up for something",
          "text": "starci",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to manage to do something",
          "text": "farcela",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to believe it",
          "text": "crederci",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms part of many verbs:",
        "forms part of many verbs"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "forms part of many verbs:"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃi/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃi/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "enclitic"
      ],
      "word": "-ci"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch"
  ],
  "word": "ci"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian lemmas",
    "Italian masculine nouns",
    "Italian nouns",
    "Italian uncountable nouns",
    "it:Languages"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "ci m (uncountable)",
      "name": "it-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the Twi language family"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Twi",
          "Twi"
        ],
        [
          "language",
          "language"
        ],
        [
          "family",
          "family"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "tchi"
    },
    {
      "word": "twi"
    },
    {
      "word": "kyi"
    }
  ],
  "word": "ci"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Italian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.