See stratum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for stratum meaning in English (21.0kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lateral stratum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratum album intermediale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratum corneum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratum germinativum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratum granulosum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratum griseum intermediale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratum lemnisci"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratum spinosum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "strātum",
"t": "a spread for a bed, coverlet, quilt, blanket; a pillow, bolster; a bed"
},
"expansion": "Latin strātum (“a spread for a bed, coverlet, quilt, blanket; a pillow, bolster; a bed”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "strātus"
},
"expansion": "strātus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sternō",
"t": "spread"
},
"expansion": "sternō (“spread”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "estrade"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of estrade",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sterh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin strātum (“a spread for a bed, coverlet, quilt, blanket; a pillow, bolster; a bed”), neuter singular of strātus, perfect passive participle of sternō (“spread”). Doublet of estrade.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stratums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strata",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "strata"
},
"expansion": "stratum (plural stratums or strata)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratification"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratify"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratosphere"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1884, Alfred Ronald Conkling, Appleton's Guide to Mexico, page 43",
"text": "It is built of alternate strata of brick and clay, and the sides correspond to the direction of the meridians and parallels.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another."
],
"id": "en-stratum-en-noun-C-Jmtj2d",
"links": [
[
"parallel",
"parallel"
],
[
"horizontal",
"horizontal"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"material",
"material"
],
[
"arranged",
"arranged"
],
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"another",
"another"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tier"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "88 3 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 3 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "plast",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пласт"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 3 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 3 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "kerros"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 3 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couche"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 3 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 3 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 3 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "strato"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 3 2 2 1 2 2",
"alt": "そう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sō",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "層"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 3 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 3 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 3 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skikt"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 3 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "pl. strata",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"scientific",
"sciences"
],
"word": "stratum"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 3 2 2 1 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "seldom used; noun to vb. varva: \"to layer\", \"to alternate\"",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "varv"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "en:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 31 13 11 5 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 27 13 11 7 11 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 25 12 11 8 11 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1961 November, “Talking of Trains: The subsidence problem”, in Trains Illustrated, page 651",
"text": "An illuminating article in a recent issue of the Eastern Region's Civil Engineering News points out that where coal is worked over a reasonably large area, it is not only the whole of the strata above the workings, but also an area beyond which is liable to subside at varying rates after the coal has been removed.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout."
],
"id": "en-stratum-en-noun-en:geological_layer",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"sedimentary",
"sedimentary"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"approximately",
"approximately"
],
[
"composition",
"composition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout."
],
"senseid": [
"en:geological layer"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bed"
},
{
"word": "layer"
}
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 5 2 5 3",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 5 2 5 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "plast",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пласт"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 5 2 5 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 5 2 5 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "maakerros"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 5 2 5 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "kerrostuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 5 2 5 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "strate"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 5 2 5 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 5 2 5 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bank"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 5 2 5 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 5 2 5 3",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "jarðlag"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 5 2 5 3",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "strato"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 5 2 5 3",
"alt": "ちそう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chisō",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "地層"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 5 2 5 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 5 2 5 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 79 3 5 2 5 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any of the regions of the atmosphere, such as the stratosphere, that occur as layers."
],
"id": "en-stratum-en-noun-HTGw8rxP",
"links": [
[
"region",
"region"
],
[
"atmosphere",
"atmosphere"
],
[
"stratosphere",
"stratosphere"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 7 79 2 1 3 4",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 79 2 1 3 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"word": "kerros"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 79 2 1 3 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couche"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 79 2 1 3 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 79 2 1 3 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 79 2 1 3 4",
"alt": "そう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sō",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"word": "層"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 79 2 1 3 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 7 79 2 1 3 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "capa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "en:Biology",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A layer of tissue."
],
"id": "en-stratum-en-noun-eL4L0rz1",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) A layer of tissue."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 6 2 77 2 7 2",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 2 77 2 7 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 2 77 2 7 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"word": "ihokerros"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 2 77 2 7 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couche"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 2 77 2 7 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stratum"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 2 77 2 7 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 2 77 2 7 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 2 77 2 7 2",
"alt": "そう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sō",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"word": "層"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 2 77 2 7 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 2 77 2 7 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 5 4 4 78 3 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Society",
"orig": "en:Society",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status."
],
"id": "en-stratum-en-noun-pJQYsm6~",
"links": [
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"social",
"social"
],
[
"cultural",
"cultural"
],
[
"economic",
"economic"
],
[
"status",
"status"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 88 4 2",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 88 4 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proslokja",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прослокйа"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 88 4 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 88 4 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "yhteiskuntaluokka"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 88 4 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "kansankerros"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 88 4 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "classe"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 88 4 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couche"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 88 4 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 88 4 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 88 4 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "strata"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 88 4 2",
"alt": "かいきゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kaikyū",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "階級"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 88 4 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 88 4 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 88 4 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 88 4 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "samhällsskikt"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 88 4 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "klass"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 1 1 88 4 2",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "saray"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ecology",
"orig": "en:Ecology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A layer of vegetation, usually of similar height."
],
"id": "en-stratum-en-noun-G0aFhvFG",
"links": [
[
"ecology",
"ecology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ecology) A layer of vegetation, usually of similar height."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"ecology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 10 3 15 2 64 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 10 3 15 2 64 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"word": "kerros"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 10 3 15 2 64 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 10 3 15 2 64 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 10 3 15 2 64 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "piętro"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 10 3 15 2 64 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "warstwa"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 10 3 15 2 64 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "skikt n (used as a suffix, -skikt, to a determinative noun, e.g. fältskikt, trädskikt)",
"sense": "layer of vegetation"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 10 3 15 2 64 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vegetationsskikt"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 10 3 15 2 64 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "växtskikt"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "en:Computing",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Roderick W. Smith, Linux Samba Server Administration",
"text": "Computers that synchronize themselves to the stratum 1 time servers are known as stratum 2 time servers if they allow others to synchronize to them, and so on.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The level of accuracy of a computer's clock, relative to others on the network."
],
"id": "en-stratum-en-noun-hXJk9oVn",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"accuracy",
"accuracy"
],
[
"clock",
"clock"
],
[
"network",
"network"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) The level of accuracy of a computer's clock, relative to others on the network."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɹɑː.təm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɹeɪ.təm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɹeɪ.təm/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈstɹeɪ.ɾəm]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɹæt.əm/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈstɹæɾ.əm]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɹaː.təm/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːtəm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪtəm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ætəm"
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/67/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stratum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-stratum.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "stratum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sterh₃-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/eɪtəm",
"Rhymes:English/eɪtəm/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ætəm",
"Rhymes:English/ætəm/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːtəm",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːtəm/2 syllables",
"en:Society",
"la:Horse tack"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lateral stratum"
},
{
"word": "stratum album intermediale"
},
{
"word": "stratum corneum"
},
{
"word": "stratum germinativum"
},
{
"word": "stratum granulosum"
},
{
"word": "stratum griseum intermediale"
},
{
"word": "stratum lemnisci"
},
{
"word": "stratum spinosum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "strātum",
"t": "a spread for a bed, coverlet, quilt, blanket; a pillow, bolster; a bed"
},
"expansion": "Latin strātum (“a spread for a bed, coverlet, quilt, blanket; a pillow, bolster; a bed”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "strātus"
},
"expansion": "strātus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sternō",
"t": "spread"
},
"expansion": "sternō (“spread”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "estrade"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of estrade",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sterh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin strātum (“a spread for a bed, coverlet, quilt, blanket; a pillow, bolster; a bed”), neuter singular of strātus, perfect passive participle of sternō (“spread”). Doublet of estrade.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stratums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strata",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "strata"
},
"expansion": "stratum (plural stratums or strata)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "stratification"
},
{
"word": "stratify"
},
{
"word": "stratosphere"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1884, Alfred Ronald Conkling, Appleton's Guide to Mexico, page 43",
"text": "It is built of alternate strata of brick and clay, and the sides correspond to the direction of the meridians and parallels.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another."
],
"links": [
[
"parallel",
"parallel"
],
[
"horizontal",
"horizontal"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"material",
"material"
],
[
"arranged",
"arranged"
],
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"another",
"another"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tier"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Geology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1961 November, “Talking of Trains: The subsidence problem”, in Trains Illustrated, page 651",
"text": "An illuminating article in a recent issue of the Eastern Region's Civil Engineering News points out that where coal is worked over a reasonably large area, it is not only the whole of the strata above the workings, but also an area beyond which is liable to subside at varying rates after the coal has been removed.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout."
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"sedimentary",
"sedimentary"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"approximately",
"approximately"
],
[
"composition",
"composition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout."
],
"senseid": [
"en:geological layer"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bed"
},
{
"word": "layer"
}
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any of the regions of the atmosphere, such as the stratosphere, that occur as layers."
],
"links": [
[
"region",
"region"
],
[
"atmosphere",
"atmosphere"
],
[
"stratosphere",
"stratosphere"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Biology"
],
"glosses": [
"A layer of tissue."
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) A layer of tissue."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status."
],
"links": [
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"social",
"social"
],
[
"cultural",
"cultural"
],
[
"economic",
"economic"
],
[
"status",
"status"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Ecology"
],
"glosses": [
"A layer of vegetation, usually of similar height."
],
"links": [
[
"ecology",
"ecology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ecology) A layer of vegetation, usually of similar height."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"ecology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Computing"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Roderick W. Smith, Linux Samba Server Administration",
"text": "Computers that synchronize themselves to the stratum 1 time servers are known as stratum 2 time servers if they allow others to synchronize to them, and so on.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The level of accuracy of a computer's clock, relative to others on the network."
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"accuracy",
"accuracy"
],
[
"clock",
"clock"
],
[
"network",
"network"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) The level of accuracy of a computer's clock, relative to others on the network."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɹɑː.təm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɹeɪ.təm/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɹeɪ.təm/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈstɹeɪ.ɾəm]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɹæt.əm/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈstɹæɾ.əm]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɹaː.təm/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːtəm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪtəm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ætəm"
},
{
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"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "plast",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пласт"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "kerros"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couche"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "strato"
},
{
"alt": "そう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sō",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "層"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skikt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "pl. strata",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"scientific",
"sciences"
],
"word": "stratum"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "seldom used; noun to vb. varva: \"to layer\", \"to alternate\"",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "varv"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "plast",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пласт"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "maakerros"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "kerrostuma"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "strate"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bank"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "jarðlag"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "strato"
},
{
"alt": "ちそう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chisō",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "地層"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"word": "kerros"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couche"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"alt": "そう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sō",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"word": "層"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "capa"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"word": "ihokerros"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couche"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stratum"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"alt": "そう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sō",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"word": "層"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proslokja",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прослокйа"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "yhteiskuntaluokka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "kansankerros"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "classe"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couche"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "strata"
},
{
"alt": "かいきゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kaikyū",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "階級"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "samhällsskikt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "klass"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "saray"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"word": "kerros"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "piętro"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "warstwa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "skikt n (used as a suffix, -skikt, to a determinative noun, e.g. fältskikt, trädskikt)",
"sense": "layer of vegetation"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vegetationsskikt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "växtskikt"
}
],
"word": "stratum"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.