See stratum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lateral stratum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratum album intermediale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratum corneum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratum germinativum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratum granulosum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratum griseum intermediale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratum lemnisci"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratum spinosum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "substratum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "superstratum"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "strātum",
"t": "a spread for a bed, coverlet, quilt, blanket; a pillow, bolster; a bed"
},
"expansion": "Latin strātum (“a spread for a bed, coverlet, quilt, blanket; a pillow, bolster; a bed”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "estrade"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of estrade",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sterh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin strātum (“a spread for a bed, coverlet, quilt, blanket; a pillow, bolster; a bed”), neuter singular of strātus, perfect passive participle of sternō (“spread”). Doublet of estrade.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stratums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strata",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "strata"
},
"expansion": "stratum (plural stratums or strata)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratification"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratify"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "stratosphere"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1884, Alfred Ronald Conkling, Appleton's Guide to Mexico, page 43:",
"text": "It is built of alternate strata of brick and clay, and the sides correspond to the direction of the meridians and parallels.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1952 July, W. R. Watson, “Sankey Viaduct and Embankment”, in Railway Magazine, page 487:",
"text": "He describes the operation thus: \"The heavy ram employed to impart the finishing strokes, hoisted up with double purchase and snail's pace to the summit of the Piling Engine, and then falling down like a thunderbolt on the head of the devoted timber, driving it perhaps a single half inch in to the stratum below, is well calculated to put to the test the virtue of patience, while it illustrates the old adage of—slow and sure.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another."
],
"id": "en-stratum-en-noun-C-Jmtj2d",
"links": [
[
"parallel",
"parallel"
],
[
"horizontal",
"horizontal"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"material",
"material"
],
[
"arranged",
"arranged"
],
[
"top",
"top"
],
[
"another",
"another"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tier"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "plast",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пласт"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "kerros"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couche"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "strato"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"alt": "そう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sō",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "層"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skikt"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "pl. strata",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"scientific",
"sciences"
],
"word": "stratum"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 3 2 2 1 2 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "seldom used; noun to vb. varva: \"to layer\", \"to alternate\"",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "varv"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "en:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1961 November, “Talking of Trains: The subsidence problem”, in Trains Illustrated, page 651:",
"text": "An illuminating article in a recent issue of the Eastern Region's Civil Engineering News points out that where coal is worked over a reasonably large area, it is not only the whole of the strata above the workings, but also an area beyond which is liable to subside at varying rates after the coal has been removed.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout."
],
"id": "en-stratum-en-noun-en:geological_layer",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"sedimentary",
"sedimentary"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"approximately",
"approximately"
],
[
"composition",
"composition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout."
],
"senseid": [
"en:geological layer"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bed"
},
{
"word": "layer"
}
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 79 2 4 2 5 2 4",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 79 2 4 2 5 2 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "plast",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пласт"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 79 2 4 2 5 2 4",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 79 2 4 2 5 2 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "maakerros"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 79 2 4 2 5 2 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "kerrostuma"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 79 2 4 2 5 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "strate"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 79 2 4 2 5 2 4",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 79 2 4 2 5 2 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bank"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 79 2 4 2 5 2 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 79 2 4 2 5 2 4",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "jarðlag"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 79 2 4 2 5 2 4",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "strato"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 79 2 4 2 5 2 4",
"alt": "ちそう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chisō",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "地層"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 79 2 4 2 5 2 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 79 2 4 2 5 2 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 79 2 4 2 5 2 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any of the regions of the atmosphere, such as the stratosphere, that occur as layers."
],
"id": "en-stratum-en-noun-HTGw8rxP",
"links": [
[
"region",
"region"
],
[
"atmosphere",
"atmosphere"
],
[
"stratosphere",
"stratosphere"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 5 73 3 0 3 4 6",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 5 73 3 0 3 4 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"word": "kerros"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 5 73 3 0 3 4 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couche"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 5 73 3 0 3 4 6",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 5 73 3 0 3 4 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 5 73 3 0 3 4 6",
"alt": "そう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sō",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"word": "層"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 5 73 3 0 3 4 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"_dis1": "7 5 73 3 0 3 4 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "capa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "en:Biology",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A layer of tissue."
],
"id": "en-stratum-en-noun-eL4L0rz1",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) A layer of tissue."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 74 1 7 2 6",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 74 1 7 2 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 74 1 7 2 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"word": "ihokerros"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 74 1 7 2 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couche"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 74 1 7 2 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stratum"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 74 1 7 2 6",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 74 1 7 2 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 74 1 7 2 6",
"alt": "そう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sō",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"word": "層"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 74 1 7 2 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 6 2 74 1 7 2 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 4 2 3 77 3 3 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Society",
"orig": "en:Society",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status."
],
"id": "en-stratum-en-noun-pJQYsm6~",
"links": [
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"social",
"social"
],
[
"cultural",
"cultural"
],
[
"economic",
"economic"
],
[
"status",
"status"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 1 90 4 1 1",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 1 90 4 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proslokja",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прослокйа"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 1 90 4 1 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 1 90 4 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "yhteiskuntaluokka"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 1 90 4 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "kansankerros"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 1 90 4 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "classe"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 1 90 4 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couche"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 1 90 4 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 1 90 4 1 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 1 90 4 1 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "strata"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 1 90 4 1 1",
"alt": "かいきゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kaikyū",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "階級"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 1 90 4 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 1 90 4 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 1 90 4 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 1 90 4 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estamento"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 1 90 4 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "samhällsskikt"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 1 90 4 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "klass"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 2 0 1 90 4 1 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "saray"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ecology",
"orig": "en:Ecology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A layer of vegetation, usually of similar height."
],
"id": "en-stratum-en-noun-G0aFhvFG",
"links": [
[
"ecology",
"ecology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ecology) A layer of vegetation, usually of similar height."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"ecology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 9 2 14 2 59 1 11",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 2 14 2 59 1 11",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"word": "kerros"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 2 14 2 59 1 11",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 2 14 2 59 1 11",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 2 14 2 59 1 11",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "piętro"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 2 14 2 59 1 11",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "warstwa"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 2 14 2 59 1 11",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "skikt n (used as a suffix, -skikt, to a determinative noun, e.g. fältskikt, trädskikt)",
"sense": "layer of vegetation"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 2 14 2 59 1 11",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vegetationsskikt"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 9 2 14 2 59 1 11",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "växtskikt"
}
]
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"orig": "en:Computing",
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"source": "w"
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{
"ref": "2006, Roderick W. Smith, Linux Samba Server Administration:",
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"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The level of accuracy of a computer's clock, relative to others on the network."
],
"id": "en-stratum-en-noun-hXJk9oVn",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"accuracy",
"accuracy"
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[
"clock",
"clock"
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[
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"network"
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"raw_glosses": [
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],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
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},
{
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{
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"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
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"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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{
"_dis": "15 10 10 9 8 8 7 33",
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},
{
"_dis": "16 11 10 8 7 8 7 32",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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{
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "14 10 11 11 5 8 8 33",
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},
{
"_dis": "15 10 10 9 8 8 7 33",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "13 10 11 10 5 9 8 33",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 11 9 12 4 10 18 23",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "15 10 10 9 8 8 7 33",
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "14 8 18 9 3 7 8 33",
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "16 10 10 8 10 8 7 31",
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "13 9 12 10 4 8 9 36",
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{
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{
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{
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"linguistics"
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],
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}
],
"topics": [
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"linguistics",
"sciences"
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}
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{
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"tags": [
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{
"ipa": "/ˈstɹeɪ.təm/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈstɹeɪ.ɾəm]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɹæt.əm/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈstɹæɾ.əm]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɹaː.təm/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːtəm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪtəm"
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{
"rhymes": "-ætəm"
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],
"word": "stratum"
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{
"categories": [
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"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sterh₃-",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪtəm",
"Rhymes:English/eɪtəm/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ætəm",
"Rhymes:English/ætəm/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːtəm",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːtəm/2 syllables",
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"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"en:Society",
"la:Bedding",
"la:Horse tack"
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"derived": [
{
"word": "lateral stratum"
},
{
"word": "stratum album intermediale"
},
{
"word": "stratum corneum"
},
{
"word": "stratum germinativum"
},
{
"word": "stratum granulosum"
},
{
"word": "stratum griseum intermediale"
},
{
"word": "stratum lemnisci"
},
{
"word": "stratum spinosum"
},
{
"word": "substratum"
},
{
"word": "superstratum"
}
],
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"name": "bor"
},
{
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"2": "estrade"
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"expansion": "Doublet of estrade",
"name": "doublet"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sterh₃-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin strātum (“a spread for a bed, coverlet, quilt, blanket; a pillow, bolster; a bed”), neuter singular of strātus, perfect passive participle of sternō (“spread”). Doublet of estrade.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "stratums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strata",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"2": "strata"
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"expansion": "stratum (plural stratums or strata)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "stratification"
},
{
"word": "stratify"
},
{
"word": "stratosphere"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1884, Alfred Ronald Conkling, Appleton's Guide to Mexico, page 43:",
"text": "It is built of alternate strata of brick and clay, and the sides correspond to the direction of the meridians and parallels.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1952 July, W. R. Watson, “Sankey Viaduct and Embankment”, in Railway Magazine, page 487:",
"text": "He describes the operation thus: \"The heavy ram employed to impart the finishing strokes, hoisted up with double purchase and snail's pace to the summit of the Piling Engine, and then falling down like a thunderbolt on the head of the devoted timber, driving it perhaps a single half inch in to the stratum below, is well calculated to put to the test the virtue of patience, while it illustrates the old adage of—slow and sure.\"",
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}
],
"glosses": [
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],
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"parallel"
],
[
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"horizontal"
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[
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[
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"arranged"
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[
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"top"
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[
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"another"
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],
"synonyms": [
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"word": "tier"
}
]
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"en:Geology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1961 November, “Talking of Trains: The subsidence problem”, in Trains Illustrated, page 651:",
"text": "An illuminating article in a recent issue of the Eastern Region's Civil Engineering News points out that where coal is worked over a reasonably large area, it is not only the whole of the strata above the workings, but also an area beyond which is liable to subside at varying rates after the coal has been removed.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout."
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"sedimentary",
"sedimentary"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
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"approximately"
],
[
"composition",
"composition"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout."
],
"senseid": [
"en:geological layer"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bed"
},
{
"word": "layer"
}
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any of the regions of the atmosphere, such as the stratosphere, that occur as layers."
],
"links": [
[
"region",
"region"
],
[
"atmosphere",
"atmosphere"
],
[
"stratosphere",
"stratosphere"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Biology"
],
"glosses": [
"A layer of tissue."
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) A layer of tissue."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status."
],
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[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"people",
"people"
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[
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"social"
],
[
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"cultural"
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[
"economic",
"economic"
],
[
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"status"
]
]
},
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],
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"A layer of vegetation, usually of similar height."
],
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[
"ecology",
"ecology"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ecology) A layer of vegetation, usually of similar height."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"ecology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
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"English terms with quotations",
"en:Computing"
],
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"ref": "2006, Roderick W. Smith, Linux Samba Server Administration:",
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"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The level of accuracy of a computer's clock, relative to others on the network."
],
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"computing#Noun"
],
[
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"accuracy"
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"clock"
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[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing) The level of accuracy of a computer's clock, relative to others on the network."
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
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"categories": [
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],
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"A historical layer of a language."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
]
],
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"(linguistics) A historical layer of a language."
],
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"word": "strate"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/ˈstɹɑː.təm/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɹeɪ.təm/",
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{
"ipa": "/ˈstɹeɪ.təm/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈstɹeɪ.ɾəm]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɹæt.əm/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈstɹæɾ.əm]",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɹaː.təm/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːtəm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪtəm"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ætəm"
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],
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{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "plast",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пласт"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "kerros"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couche"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "strato"
},
{
"alt": "そう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sō",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"word": "層"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "skikt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "pl. strata",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"scientific",
"sciences"
],
"word": "stratum"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "seldom used; noun to vb. varva: \"to layer\", \"to alternate\"",
"sense": "one of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "varv"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "plast",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пласт"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "maakerros"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "kerrostuma"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "strate"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Bank"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "jarðlag"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "strato"
},
{
"alt": "ちそう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chisō",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"word": "地層"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"word": "kerros"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couche"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"alt": "そう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sō",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"word": "層"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "any of the regions of the atmosphere",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "capa"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"word": "ihokerros"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couche"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stratum"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"alt": "そう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sō",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"word": "層"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "layer of tissue",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "qatlam",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "ҡатлам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "proslokja",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "прослокйа"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "yhteiskuntaluokka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "kansankerros"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "classe"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "couche"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "strata"
},
{
"alt": "かいきゅう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kaikyū",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "階級"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sloj",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "слой"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estamento"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "samhällsskikt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "klass"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status",
"word": "saray"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"word": "kerros"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estrato"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "stróma",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "στρώμα"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "piętro"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "warstwa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"note": "skikt n (used as a suffix, -skikt, to a determinative noun, e.g. fältskikt, trädskikt)",
"sense": "layer of vegetation"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "vegetationsskikt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "layer of vegetation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "växtskikt"
}
],
"word": "stratum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stratum meaning in English (19.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.