See superstratum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "super-",
"4": "stratum",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-lbor.\nEnglish super-\nEnglish stratum\nEnglish superstratum\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*úp\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-er\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-r\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*upér\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*super\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"super-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"stratum\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"superstratum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"superstratum\">\nFrom super- + stratum.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-lbor.\nEnglish super-\nEnglish stratum\nEnglish superstratum\nFrom super- + stratum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "superstrata",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "superstrata"
},
"expansion": "superstratum (plural superstrata)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "adstrate",
"word": "adstratum"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "superstratal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "substrate",
"translation": "substrate",
"word": "substratum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "substratum"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "en:Geology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stratum that is on top of another"
],
"id": "en-superstratum-en-noun-MMq83vxW",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"stratum",
"stratum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A stratum that is on top of another"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "25 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with super-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Armenian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A language imposed upon a population that previously spoke another language"
],
"id": "en-superstratum-en-noun-6v92IFo6",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A language imposed upon a population that previously spoke another language"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 91",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "makašert",
"sense": "a language imposed upon a population that previously spoke another language",
"word": "մակաշերտ"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "a language imposed upon a population that previously spoke another language",
"word": "superstraatti"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "a language imposed upon a population that previously spoke another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "superstrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 91",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "superstrát",
"sense": "a language imposed upon a population that previously spoke another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "суперстра́т"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superstratum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-superstratum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-superstratum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-superstratum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-superstratum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "superstratum language"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "superstrate language"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "superstrate"
}
],
"word": "superstratum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *upér",
"English terms prefixed with super-",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Russian translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "super-",
"4": "stratum",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-lbor.\nEnglish super-\nEnglish stratum\nEnglish superstratum\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"above\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*úp\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-er\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-r\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*upér\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*super\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"super-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"super-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"stratum\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"superstratum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"superstratum\">\nFrom super- + stratum.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *úp\nProto-Indo-European *-er\nProto-Indo-European *upér\nProto-Italic *super\nLatin super\nLatin super-lbor.\nEnglish super-\nEnglish stratum\nEnglish superstratum\nFrom super- + stratum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "superstrata",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "superstrata"
},
"expansion": "superstratum (plural superstrata)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"alt": "adstrate",
"word": "adstratum"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "superstratal"
},
{
"english": "substrate",
"translation": "substrate",
"word": "substratum"
},
{
"word": "substratum"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"A stratum that is on top of another"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"stratum",
"stratum"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A stratum that is on top of another"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"A language imposed upon a population that previously spoke another language"
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A language imposed upon a population that previously spoke another language"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superstratum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-superstratum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-superstratum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-superstratum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-superstratum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "superstratum language"
},
{
"word": "superstrate language"
},
{
"word": "superstrate"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "makašert",
"sense": "a language imposed upon a population that previously spoke another language",
"word": "մակաշերտ"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "a language imposed upon a population that previously spoke another language",
"word": "superstraatti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "a language imposed upon a population that previously spoke another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "superstrat"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "superstrát",
"sense": "a language imposed upon a population that previously spoke another language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "суперстра́т"
}
],
"word": "superstratum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for superstratum meaning in English (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (ade7ec3 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.