See substratum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "substrate"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sterh₃-"
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{
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{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
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},
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"name": "der"
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{
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "sub-",
"3": "stratum"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, sub- + stratum",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from New Latin substrātum, nominalisation of the neuter of Latin substrātus, perfect passive participle of substernō. By surface analysis, sub- + stratum.",
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"form": "substrata",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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"parts": [
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"tum"
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],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "substratal"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A layer that lies underneath another."
],
"id": "en-substratum-en-noun-HyqCK0af",
"links": [
[
"layer",
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]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "underlayer"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "substrát",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "субстра́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
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"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "substrát",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "субстра́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
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"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"alt": "1",
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"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"word": "laag"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"alt": "2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
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},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"alt": "3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"word": "substraat"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"word": "aluskerros"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "subsṭraṭi",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"word": "სუბსტრატი"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "ypóstroma",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"word": "υπόστρωμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "hupóstrōma",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"word": "ὑπόστρωμα"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bunsraith"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "foshraith"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ga",
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"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fostratam"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sostrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"lang_code": "mhr",
"roman": "avarok",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"word": "аварок"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "podłoże"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrato"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "substrát",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "субстра́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "су̀пстра̄т"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sùpstrāt"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "substrát",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "субстра́т"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The underlying cause or basis of something."
],
"id": "en-substratum-en-noun-7~rXXSlj",
"links": [
[
"basis",
"basis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) The underlying cause or basis of something."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
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"source": "w"
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "32 21 47",
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "13 11 76",
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{
"_dis": "22 17 61",
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{
"_dis": "10 8 82",
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{
"_dis": "20 17 63",
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{
"_dis": "24 16 60",
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{
"_dis": "15 15 70",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "24 16 60",
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{
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{
"_dis": "18 14 68",
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{
"_dis": "24 16 60",
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},
{
"_dis": "20 17 63",
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"parents": [],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"A substrate."
],
"id": "en-substratum-en-noun-gAlEfjjN",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"substrate",
"substrate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) A substrate."
],
"topics": [
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"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/səbˈstrɑ.təm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/səbˈstreɪ̯.təm/"
},
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"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-substratum.wav",
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}
],
"word": "substratum"
}
{
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English learned borrowings from New Latin",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from New Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from New Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sterh₃-",
"English terms prefixed with sub-",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Eastern Mari translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "substrate"
}
],
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"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
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{
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"name": "ety"
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{
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{
"args": {
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{
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "sub-",
"3": "stratum"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, sub- + stratum",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from New Latin substrātum, nominalisation of the neuter of Latin substrātus, perfect passive participle of substernō. By surface analysis, sub- + stratum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "substrata",
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"expansion": "substratum (plural substrata)",
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
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"word": "substratal"
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],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A layer that lies underneath another."
],
"links": [
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]
],
"synonyms": [
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"word": "underlayer"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The underlying cause or basis of something."
],
"links": [
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) The underlying cause or basis of something."
],
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]
},
{
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],
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"(linguistics) A substrate."
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{
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{
"code": "be",
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"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "substrát",
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"tags": [
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],
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},
{
"code": "bg",
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"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "substrát",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
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],
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},
{
"code": "ca",
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"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
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},
{
"code": "da",
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"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"alt": "1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"word": "laag"
},
{
"alt": "2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"word": "onderliggende reden"
},
{
"alt": "3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"word": "substraat"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"word": "aluskerros"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "subsṭraṭi",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"word": "სუბსტრატი"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "ypóstroma",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"word": "υπόστρωμα"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "hupóstrōma",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"word": "ὑπόστρωμα"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bunsraith"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "foshraith"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fostratam"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrato"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sostrato"
},
{
"code": "mhr",
"lang": "Eastern Mari",
"lang_code": "mhr",
"roman": "avarok",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"word": "аварок"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "podłoże"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "substrato"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "substrat"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "substrát",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "субстра́т"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "су̀пстра̄т"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sùpstrāt"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "substrát",
"sense": "a layer that lies underneath another",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "субстра́т"
}
],
"word": "substratum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for substratum meaning in English (7.6kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Dutch: laag (nl) (1), onderliggende reden (2), substraat (nl) (3)",
"path": [
"substratum"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "substratum",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-11 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (602557e and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.