See pronoun in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pronoun meaning in English (29.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "adjectival pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "copy pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "demonstrative pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "determinative pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "donkey pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "dummy pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "emphasizing pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "emphatic pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "epicene pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gender-neutral pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "indefinite pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "intensive pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "interrogative pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "neopronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nounself pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "noun-self pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "object pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "perpendicular pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "personal pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "play the pronoun game"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "possessive pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "prepositional pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pronoun demonstrative"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "reciprocal pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
],
"word": "possessive pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "relative pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "resumptive pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shadow pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Spivak pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "subject pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "substantival pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "substantive pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "weak pronoun"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pro",
"3": "noun"
},
"expansion": "pro- + noun",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "pronom"
},
"expansion": "Middle French pronom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pronomen"
},
"expansion": "Latin pronomen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ (antōnumíā)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "pro- + noun, modeled on Middle French pronom, from Latin pronomen, itself a calque of Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ (antōnumíā).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pronouns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pronoun (plural pronouns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "part of speech"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pro-form"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "word"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "adjectival pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "substantival pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "demonstrative pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "emphasizing pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "indefinite pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "intensive pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "interrogative pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "object pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "personal pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "possessive pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "reciprocal pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "reflexive pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "relative pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "subject pronoun"
}
],
"instances": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "I"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "you"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "my"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "your"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "each other"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "this"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pronominal"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "en:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with pro-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using discouraged character sequences",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Parts of speech",
"orig": "en:Parts of speech",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "LGBT",
"orig": "en:LGBT",
"parents": [
"Sexuality",
"Human behaviour",
"Sex",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Reproduction",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1789, Jean Baptiste, A grammar of the French tongue, page 193",
"text": "The possessive conjunctive pronoun is always repeated before a substantive, and after a conjunction; as my brothers and sisters, mes frères & mes sœurs; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1997, Kevin Smith, Chasing Amy",
"text": "Dalia: Why are you playing the pronoun game?\nAlyssa: What? What are you talking about? I'm not even.\nDalia: You are. \"I met someone.\" \"We have a great time. \"They're from my home town.\" Doesn't this tube of wonderful have a name!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Nicholas Brownless, “Spoken Discourse in Early English Newspapers”, in Joad Raymond, editor, News Networks in Seventeenth Century Britain and Europe, page 72",
"text": "As here the possessive pronoun 'our' has inclusive reference in that it a priori includes both the editor and reader, its presence amounts to a kind of pronominal bonding between writer and reader.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective."
],
"id": "en-pronoun-en-noun-k-yqULCf",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"anaphorically",
"anaphora"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"noun phrase",
"noun phrase"
],
[
"determiner",
"determiner"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective."
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "voornaamwoord"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "përemri"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"roman": "täwlaṭä səm",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ተውላጠ ስም"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḍamīr",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ضَمِير"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḍamāʔiru",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ضَمَائِرُ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "deranun",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "դերանուն"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "ḥlāpšmā",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ܚܠܵܦܫܡܵܐ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronome"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "əvəzlik"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "almaş",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "алмаш"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "izenordain"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zajmjénnik",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "займе́ннік"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śorbonam",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "সর্বনাম"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "panangli"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raganv"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mestoiménie",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "местоиме́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "namca:",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "နာမ်စား"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "mistonazŷvnyk",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "містоназывник"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronom"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ch",
"lang": "Chamorro",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "klå'an"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "cʼermetdoš",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "цӏерметдош"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代詞"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "doi⁶ ci⁴",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代词"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代名詞"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "doi⁶ ming⁴ ci⁴",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代名词"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "代詞"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "tāi-sû",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "代词"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "代名詞"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "代名词"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代詞"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dàicí",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代词"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代名詞"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dàimíngcí",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代名词"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "wuu",
"lang": "Wu Chinese",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代詞"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "wuu",
"lang": "Wu Chinese",
"roman": "³de-zr",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代词"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cv",
"lang": "Chuvash",
"roman": "mestoimeni",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "местоимени"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cv",
"lang": "Chuvash",
"roman": "ylmaš",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ылмаш"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "zamir"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zájmeno"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pronomen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stedord"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "voornaamwoord"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pronomen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "tarkasval",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "таркасвал"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronomo"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "asesõna"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronoomen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ee",
"lang": "Ewe",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "nuŋkɔteƒenɔnya"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fornavn"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "asemo"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronomini"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronom"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronome"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "nacvalsaxeli",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ნაცვალსახელი"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Fürwort"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Personwort"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Personenwort"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Pronomen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Pronom"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "gmh",
"lang": "Middle High German",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "vornam"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "antonymía",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αντωνυμία"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "antōnumía",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἀντωνυμία"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "antṓnumon",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ἀντώνυμον"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "כִּנּוּי גּוּף"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kinoi guf",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "כנוי גוף"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"note": "'noun of the body'",
"roman": "shem hagúf",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "שם הגוף"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sarvanām",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "सर्वनाम"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "névmás"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fornafn"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronomo"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronomina"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "kata ganti"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronomina"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "nimensihalliin"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronomine"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forainm"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronome"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"alt": "だいめいし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "daimeishi",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代名詞"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "orç nern",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "орч нерн"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "panalili"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "esımdık",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "есімдік"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑppĕəʼniəm",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "សព្វនាម"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"alt": "代名詞",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "daemyeongsa",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "대명사"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "kum",
"lang": "Kumyk",
"roman": "orunça",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "орунча"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cînav"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "jaktama",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "жактама"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sap pha nām",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ສັບພະນາມ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "prōnōmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "prōvocābulum"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vietniekvārds"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "veurnaamwaord"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ln",
"lang": "Lingala",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "likitana"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "įvardis"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zamenka",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "заменка"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "kata ganti diri"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "saṟvvanāmaṁ",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "സർവ്വനാമം"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronom"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "tūkapi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "kupu tūkapi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "tölöönii ner",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "төлөөний нэр"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "tölöönii üg",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "төлөөний үг"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nah",
"lang": "Nahuatl",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "tlācatōcāitl"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "sarvanām",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "सर्वनाम"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronom"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronomen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pronomen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pronomen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronom"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bīnama"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fornafn"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "om",
"lang": "Oromo",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "maqdhaala"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "nomivæg",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "номивӕг"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "zamir",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ضمیر"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "zamir",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ضمير"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "numjǝray",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "نومځری"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "prs",
"lang": "Dari",
"roman": "zamīr",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ضَمِیر"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "zamir",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ضَمیر"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "farânâm",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "فَرانام"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "pišnâm",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "پیشْنام"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronòm"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Fawuat"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zaimek"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronome"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "sutip rantin"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "sutiranti"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pronume"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mestoiménije",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "местоиме́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "sarvanāman",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "सर्वनामन्"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "riochdair"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "за̑меница"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "zȃmenica"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prunomu"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zámeno"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zaímek"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "soluma",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "солума"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronombre"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "kiwakilishi"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pronomen"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "panghalip"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "jonišin",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ҷонишин"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "zamir",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "замир"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "peyarccol",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "பெயர்ச்சொல்"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "almaşlıq",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "алмашлык"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "sarvanāmamu",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "సర్వనామము"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sàp-pá-naam",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "สรรพนาม"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "ming tshab",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "མིང་ཚབ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "zamir"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ivazlık"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "almaş"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "çalyşma"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zajménnyk",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "займе́нник"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "zamīr",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ضَمِیر"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "almash",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ئالماش"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "olmosh"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"alt": "代詞",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "đại từ"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pönop"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "prono"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "war",
"lang": "Waray-Waray",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "imbesngaran"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "war",
"lang": "Waray-Waray",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "taligngaran"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "war",
"lang": "Waray-Waray",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "talingaran"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "war",
"lang": "Waray-Waray",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "talingáran"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rhagenw"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "foarnamwurd"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "pronom",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פּראָנאָם"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "zemir (diq)"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pesname"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 5",
"code": "zu",
"lang": "Zulu",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8"
],
"word": "isabizwana"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with pro-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "LGBT",
"orig": "en:LGBT",
"parents": [
"Sexuality",
"Human behaviour",
"Sex",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Reproduction",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "My pronouns are she/her.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Genny Beemyn, editor, Trans People in Higher Education, SUNY Press, page 178",
"text": "The vast majority (82 percent) of the nonbinary trans students I interviewed used nonbinary pronouns for themselves, and all said that they were rarely given the opportunity to indicate their pronouns.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 August 31, Frankie de la Cretaz, “Postcard from Camp Gaylore”, in Cosmopolitan",
"text": "Then an earnest elaboration: “It’s just nice that other people understand what I’m thinking. I don’t have to explain a million things. I don’t have to be like, Okay, I guess I’ll let you ignore my pronouns. It’s a very good space.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of the pronouns by which a person prefers to be described, typically reflecting gender identity."
],
"id": "en-pronoun-en-noun-ZrxSMfX6",
"links": [
[
"gender identity",
"gender identity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly in the plural) Any of the pronouns by which a person prefers to be described, typically reflecting gender identity."
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹəʊnaʊn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹoʊ.naʊn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊnaʊn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oʊnaʊn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-pronoun.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/En-us-pronoun.ogg/En-us-pronoun.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/En-us-pronoun.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "pronoune"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "pronoun"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pronoun"
],
"word": "pronoun"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms prefixed with pro-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Pages using discouraged character sequences",
"Rhymes:English/oʊnaʊn",
"Rhymes:English/oʊnaʊn/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/əʊnaʊn",
"Rhymes:English/əʊnaʊn/2 syllables",
"en:LGBT",
"en:Parts of speech"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "adjectival pronoun"
},
{
"word": "copy pronoun"
},
{
"word": "demonstrative pronoun"
},
{
"word": "determinative pronoun"
},
{
"word": "donkey pronoun"
},
{
"word": "dummy pronoun"
},
{
"word": "emphasizing pronoun"
},
{
"word": "emphatic pronoun"
},
{
"word": "epicene pronoun"
},
{
"word": "gender-neutral pronoun"
},
{
"word": "indefinite pronoun"
},
{
"word": "intensive pronoun"
},
{
"word": "interrogative pronoun"
},
{
"word": "neopronoun"
},
{
"word": "nounself pronoun"
},
{
"word": "noun-self pronoun"
},
{
"word": "object pronoun"
},
{
"word": "perpendicular pronoun"
},
{
"word": "personal pronoun"
},
{
"word": "play the pronoun game"
},
{
"word": "possessive pronoun"
},
{
"word": "prepositional pronoun"
},
{
"word": "pronoun demonstrative"
},
{
"word": "reciprocal pronoun"
},
{
"tags": [
"reflexive"
],
"word": "possessive pronoun"
},
{
"word": "relative pronoun"
},
{
"word": "resumptive pronoun"
},
{
"word": "shadow pronoun"
},
{
"word": "Spivak pronoun"
},
{
"word": "subject pronoun"
},
{
"word": "substantival pronoun"
},
{
"word": "substantive pronoun"
},
{
"word": "weak pronoun"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pro",
"3": "noun"
},
"expansion": "pro- + noun",
"name": "prefix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "pronom"
},
"expansion": "Middle French pronom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pronomen"
},
"expansion": "Latin pronomen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ (antōnumíā)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "pro- + noun, modeled on Middle French pronom, from Latin pronomen, itself a calque of Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ (antōnumíā).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pronouns",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pronoun (plural pronouns)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "part of speech"
},
{
"word": "pro-form"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "word"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "adjectival pronoun"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "substantival pronoun"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "demonstrative pronoun"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "emphasizing pronoun"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "indefinite pronoun"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "intensive pronoun"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "interrogative pronoun"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "object pronoun"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "personal pronoun"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "possessive pronoun"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "reciprocal pronoun"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "reflexive pronoun"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "relative pronoun"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "subject pronoun"
}
],
"instances": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "I"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "you"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "my"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "your"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "each other"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "this"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "pronominal"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Grammar"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1789, Jean Baptiste, A grammar of the French tongue, page 193",
"text": "The possessive conjunctive pronoun is always repeated before a substantive, and after a conjunction; as my brothers and sisters, mes frères & mes sœurs; […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1997, Kevin Smith, Chasing Amy",
"text": "Dalia: Why are you playing the pronoun game?\nAlyssa: What? What are you talking about? I'm not even.\nDalia: You are. \"I met someone.\" \"We have a great time. \"They're from my home town.\" Doesn't this tube of wonderful have a name!",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Nicholas Brownless, “Spoken Discourse in Early English Newspapers”, in Joad Raymond, editor, News Networks in Seventeenth Century Britain and Europe, page 72",
"text": "As here the possessive pronoun 'our' has inclusive reference in that it a priori includes both the editor and reader, its presence amounts to a kind of pronominal bonding between writer and reader.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective."
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"word",
"word"
],
[
"anaphorically",
"anaphora"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"noun phrase",
"noun phrase"
],
[
"determiner",
"determiner"
],
[
"adjective",
"adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective."
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "My pronouns are she/her.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Genny Beemyn, editor, Trans People in Higher Education, SUNY Press, page 178",
"text": "The vast majority (82 percent) of the nonbinary trans students I interviewed used nonbinary pronouns for themselves, and all said that they were rarely given the opportunity to indicate their pronouns.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 August 31, Frankie de la Cretaz, “Postcard from Camp Gaylore”, in Cosmopolitan",
"text": "Then an earnest elaboration: “It’s just nice that other people understand what I’m thinking. I don’t have to explain a million things. I don’t have to be like, Okay, I guess I’ll let you ignore my pronouns. It’s a very good space.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of the pronouns by which a person prefers to be described, typically reflecting gender identity."
],
"links": [
[
"gender identity",
"gender identity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly in the plural) Any of the pronouns by which a person prefers to be described, typically reflecting gender identity."
],
"tags": [
"in-plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹəʊnaʊn/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈpɹoʊ.naʊn/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊnaʊn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-oʊnaʊn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-pronoun.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/En-us-pronoun.ogg/En-us-pronoun.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/En-us-pronoun.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "pronoune"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
"word": "pronoun"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "voornaamwoord"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "përemri"
},
{
"code": "am",
"lang": "Amharic",
"roman": "täwlaṭä səm",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ተውላጠ ስም"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḍamīr",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ضَمِير"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḍamāʔiru",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ضَمَائِرُ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "deranun",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "դերանուն"
},
{
"code": "aii",
"lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
"roman": "ḥlāpšmā",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ܚܠܵܦܫܡܵܐ"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronome"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "əvəzlik"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "almaş",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "алмаш"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "izenordain"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zajmjénnik",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "займе́ннік"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śorbonam",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "সর্বনাম"
},
{
"code": "bcl",
"lang": "Bikol Central",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "panangli"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raganv"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mestoiménie",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "местоиме́ние"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "namca:",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "နာမ်စား"
},
{
"code": "rue",
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"roman": "mistonazŷvnyk",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "містоназывник"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronom"
},
{
"code": "ch",
"lang": "Chamorro",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "klå'an"
},
{
"code": "ce",
"lang": "Chechen",
"roman": "cʼermetdoš",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "цӏерметдош"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代詞"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "doi⁶ ci⁴",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代词"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代名詞"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "doi⁶ ming⁴ ci⁴",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代名词"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "代詞"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "tāi-sû",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "代词"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "代名詞"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "代名词"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dàicí",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代词"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代名詞"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dàimíngcí",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代名词"
},
{
"code": "wuu",
"lang": "Wu Chinese",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代詞"
},
{
"code": "wuu",
"lang": "Wu Chinese",
"roman": "³de-zr",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代词"
},
{
"code": "cv",
"lang": "Chuvash",
"roman": "mestoimeni",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "местоимени"
},
{
"code": "cv",
"lang": "Chuvash",
"roman": "ylmaš",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ылмаш"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "zamir"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zájmeno"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pronomen"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stedord"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "voornaamwoord"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pronomen"
},
{
"code": "myv",
"lang": "Erzya",
"roman": "tarkasval",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "таркасвал"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronomo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "asesõna"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronoomen"
},
{
"code": "ee",
"lang": "Ewe",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "nuŋkɔteƒenɔnya"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fornavn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "asemo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronomini"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronom"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronome"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "nacvalsaxeli",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ნაცვალსახელი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Fürwort"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Personwort"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Personenwort"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Pronomen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Pronom"
},
{
"code": "gmh",
"lang": "Middle High German",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "vornam"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "antonymía",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "αντωνυμία"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "antōnumía",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ἀντωνυμία"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "antṓnumon",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "ἀντώνυμον"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "כִּנּוּי גּוּף"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kinoi guf",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "כנוי גוף"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"note": "'noun of the body'",
"roman": "shem hagúf",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "שם הגוף"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "sarvanām",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "सर्वनाम"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "névmás"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fornafn"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronomo"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronomina"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "kata ganti"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronomina"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "nimensihalliin"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronomine"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "forainm"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronome"
},
{
"alt": "だいめいし",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "daimeishi",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "代名詞"
},
{
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "orç nern",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "орч нерн"
},
{
"code": "pam",
"lang": "Kapampangan",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "panalili"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "esımdık",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "есімдік"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "sɑppĕəʼniəm",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "សព្វនាម"
},
{
"alt": "代名詞",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "daemyeongsa",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "대명사"
},
{
"code": "kum",
"lang": "Kumyk",
"roman": "orunça",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "орунча"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cînav"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "jaktama",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "жактама"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "sap pha nām",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ສັບພະນາມ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "prōnōmen"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "prōvocābulum"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vietniekvārds"
},
{
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "veurnaamwaord"
},
{
"code": "ln",
"lang": "Lingala",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "likitana"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "įvardis"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zamenka",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "заменка"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "kata ganti diri"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "saṟvvanāmaṁ",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "സർവ്വനാമം"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronom"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "tūkapi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "kupu tūkapi"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "tölöönii ner",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "төлөөний нэр"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "tölöönii üg",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "төлөөний үг"
},
{
"code": "nah",
"lang": "Nahuatl",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "tlācatōcāitl"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "sarvanām",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "सर्वनाम"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronom"
},
{
"code": "se",
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronomen"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pronomen"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pronomen"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronom"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bīnama"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fornafn"
},
{
"code": "om",
"lang": "Oromo",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "maqdhaala"
},
{
"code": "os",
"lang": "Ossetian",
"roman": "nomivæg",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "номивӕг"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "zamir",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ضمیر"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "zamir",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ضمير"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "numjǝray",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "نومځری"
},
{
"code": "prs",
"lang": "Dari",
"roman": "zamīr",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ضَمِیر"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "zamir",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ضَمیر"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "farânâm",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "فَرانام"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"roman": "pišnâm",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "پیشْنام"
},
{
"code": "pms",
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronòm"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Fawuat"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zaimek"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronome"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "sutip rantin"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "sutiranti"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pronume"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mestoiménije",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "местоиме́ние"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "sarvanāman",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "सर्वनामन्"
},
{
"code": "sco",
"lang": "Scots",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pronoun"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "riochdair"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "за̑меница"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "zȃmenica"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prunomu"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zámeno"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "zaímek"
},
{
"code": "alt",
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"roman": "soluma",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "солума"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pronombre"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "kiwakilishi"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "pronomen"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "panghalip"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "jonišin",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ҷонишин"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "zamir",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "замир"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "peyarccol",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "பெயர்ச்சொல்"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "almaşlıq",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "алмашлык"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "sarvanāmamu",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "సర్వనామము"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "sàp-pá-naam",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "สรรพนาม"
},
{
"code": "bo",
"lang": "Tibetan",
"roman": "ming tshab",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "མིང་ཚབ"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "zamir"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ivazlık"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "almaş"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "çalyşma"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "zajménnyk",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "займе́нник"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "zamīr",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ضَمِیر"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "almash",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "ئالماش"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "olmosh"
},
{
"alt": "代詞",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "đại từ"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pönop"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "prono"
},
{
"code": "war",
"lang": "Waray-Waray",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "imbesngaran"
},
{
"code": "war",
"lang": "Waray-Waray",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "taligngaran"
},
{
"code": "war",
"lang": "Waray-Waray",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "talingaran"
},
{
"code": "war",
"lang": "Waray-Waray",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "talingáran"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rhagenw"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "foarnamwurd"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "pronom",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פּראָנאָם"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "zemir (diq)"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pesname"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pesname"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "type of word",
"word": "pesname"
},
{
"code": "zu",
"lang": "Zulu",
"sense": "type of word",
"tags": [
"class-7",
"class-8"
],
"word": "isabizwana"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"pronoun"
],
"word": "pronoun"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
"msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": tāi-bêng-sû vs. zh-min-nan",
"path": [
"pronoun"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pronoun",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.