"pronoun" meaning in All languages combined

See pronoun on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈpɹəʊnaʊn/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈpɹoʊ.naʊn/ [General-American] Audio: en-us-pronoun.ogg Forms: pronouns [plural]
Rhymes: -əʊnaʊn, -oʊnaʊn Etymology: From pro- + noun, modeled on Middle French pronom, from Latin pronomen, itself a calque of Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ (ăntōnŭmĭ́ā). Etymology templates: {{prefix|en|pro|noun}} pro- + noun, {{der|en|frm|pronom}} Middle French pronom, {{der|en|la|pronomen}} Latin pronomen, {{der|en|grc|ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ}} Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ (ăntōnŭmĭ́ā) Head templates: {{en-noun}} pronoun (plural pronouns)
  1. (grammar) A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective. Wikidata QID: Q36224 Categories (topical): Grammar, LGBTQ Translations (type of word): voornaamwoord (Afrikaans), përemri [masculine] (Albanian), ተውላጠ ስም (täwlaṭä səm) (Amharic), ἀντωνυμία (antōnumía) [feminine] (Ancient Greek), ἀντώνυμον (antṓnumon) [neuter] (Ancient Greek), ضَمِير (ḍamīr) [masculine] (Arabic), ضَمَائِرُ (ḍamāʔiru) [masculine, plural] (Arabic), դերանուն (deranun) (Armenian), ܚܠܵܦܫܡܵܐ (ḥlāpšmā) [masculine] (Assyrian Neo-Aramaic), pronome (Asturian), əvəzlik (Azerbaijani), алмаш (almaş) (Bashkir), izenordain (Basque), займе́ннік (zajmjénnik) [masculine] (Belarusian), সর্বনাম (śorbonam) (Bengali), panangli (Bikol Central), raganv [masculine] (Breton), местоиме́ние (mestoiménie) [neuter] (Bulgarian), နာမ်စား (namca:) (Burmese), містоназывник (mistonazŷvnyk) [masculine] (Carpathian Rusyn), pronom [masculine] (Catalan), klå'an (Chamorro), цӏерметдош (cʼermetdoš) (Chechen), 代詞 /代词 (tāi-sû) [Hokkien] (Chinese), 代名詞 /代名词 (zh-min-nan) [Hokkien] (Chinese), 代詞 /代词 (doi⁶ ci⁴) (Chinese Cantonese), 代名詞 /代名词 (doi⁶ ming⁴ ci⁴) (Chinese Cantonese), 代詞 /代词 (dàicí) (Chinese Mandarin), 代名詞 /代名词 (dàimíngcí) (Chinese Mandarin), местоимени (mestoimeni) (Chuvash), ылмаш (ylmaš) (Chuvash), zamir (Crimean Tatar), zájmeno [neuter] (Czech), pronomen [neuter] (Danish), stedord [neuter] (Danish), ضَمِیر (zamīr) (Dari), voornaamwoord [neuter] (Dutch), pronomen [neuter] (Dutch), таркасвал (tarkasval) (Erzya), pronomo (Esperanto), asesõna (Estonian), pronoomen (Estonian), nuŋkɔteƒenɔnya (Ewe), fornavn [neuter] (Faroese), asemo (Finnish), pronomini (Finnish), pronom [masculine] (French), pronome (Galician), ნაცვალსახელი (nacvalsaxeli) (Georgian), Fürwort [neuter] (German), Personwort [neuter] (German), Personenwort [neuter] (German), Pronomen [neuter] (German), Pronom [neuter] (German), αντωνυμία (antonymía) [feminine] (Greek), כִּנּוּי גּוּף (Hebrew), כנוי גוף (kinoi guf) [masculine] (Hebrew), שם הגוף (shem hagúf) (note: 'noun of the body') (Hebrew), सर्वनाम (sarvanām) [masculine] (Hindi), névmás (Hungarian), fornafn [neuter] (Icelandic), pronomo (Ido), sandinagan (Ilocano), pronomina (Indonesian), kata ganti (Indonesian), pronomina (Ingrian), nimensihalliin (Ingrian), pronomine (Interlingua), ضَمیر (zamir) (Iranian Persian), فَرانام (farânâm) (Iranian Persian), پیشْنام (pišnâm) (Iranian Persian), forainm [masculine] (Irish), pronome [masculine] (Italian), 代名詞 (daimeishi) (alt: だいめいし) (Japanese), орч нерн (orç nern) (Kalmyk), panalili (Kapampangan), есімдік (esımdık) (Kazakh), សព្វនាម (sɑppĕəʼniəm) (Khmer), 대명사 (daemyeongsa) (alt: 代名詞) (Korean), орунча (orunça) (Kumyk), жактама (jaktama) (Kyrgyz), ສັບພະນາມ (sap pha nām) (Lao), prōnōmen [neuter] (Latin), prōvocābulum (Latin), vietniekvārds [masculine] (Latvian), veurnaamwaord [neuter] (Limburgish), likitana (Lingala), įvardis [masculine] (Lithuanian), заменка (zamenka) [feminine] (Macedonian), kata ganti diri (Malay), സർവ്വനാമം (saṟvvanāmaṁ) (Malayalam), pronom [masculine] (Maltese), tūkapi (Maori), kupu tūkapi (Maori), vornam (Middle High German), төлөөний нэр (tölöönii ner) [Cyrillic] (Mongolian), төлөөний үг (tölöönii üg) [Cyrillic] (Mongolian), tlācatōcāitl (Nahuatl), सर्वनाम (sarvanām) (Nepali), pronom [masculine] (Norman), cînav [masculine] (Northern Kurdish), pronomen (Northern Sami), pronomen [neuter] (Norwegian Bokmål), pronomen [neuter] (Norwegian Nynorsk), pronom [masculine] (Occitan), bīnama [masculine] (Old English), fornafn [neuter] (Old Norse), maqdhaala (Oromo), номивӕг (nomivæg) (Ossetian), ضمیر (zamir) (Ottoman Turkish), заменовнїк (zamenovnjik) [masculine] (Pannonian Rusyn), ضمير (zamir) [masculine] (Pashto), نومځری (numjǝray) [masculine] (Pashto), pronòm [masculine] (Piedmontese), Fawuat [neuter] (Plautdietsch), pronaun (Pohnpeian), zaimek [masculine] (Polish), pronome [masculine] (Portuguese), sutip rantin (Quechua), sutiranti (Quechua), pronume [neuter] (Romanian), местоиме́ние (mestoiménije) [neuter] (Russian), सर्वनामन् (sarvanāman) [neuter] (Sanskrit), pronoun (Scots), riochdair (Scottish Gaelic), за̑меница [Cyrillic, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), zȃmenica [Roman, feminine] (Serbo-Croatian), prunomu [masculine] (Sicilian), zámeno [neuter] (Slovak), zaímek [masculine] (Slovene), солума (soluma) (Southern Altai), pronombre [masculine] (Spanish), kecap gaganti (Sundanese), kiwakilishi (Swahili), pronomen [neuter] (Swedish), panghalip (Tagalog), ҷонишин (jonišin) (Tajik), замир (zamir) (Tajik), பெயர்ச்சொல் (peyarccol) (Tamil), алмашлык (almaşlıq) (Tatar), సర్వనామము (sarvanāmamu) (Telugu), สรรพนาม (sàp-pá-naam) (Thai), མིང་ཚབ (ming tshab) (Tibetan), zamir (Turkish), ivazlık (Turkish), almaş (Turkish), çalyşma (Turkmen), займе́нник (zajménnyk) [masculine] (Ukrainian), ضَمِیر (zamīr) [masculine] (Urdu), ئالماش (almash) (Uyghur), olmosh (Uzbek), đại từ (alt: 代詞) (Vietnamese), pönop (Volapük), prono (Walloon), imbesngaran (Waray-Waray), taligngaran (Waray-Waray), talingaran (Waray-Waray), talingáran (Waray-Waray), rhagenw [masculine] (Welsh), foarnamwurd [neuter] (West Frisian), 代詞 /代词 (⁶de-zy) (Wu Chinese), פּראָנאָם (pronom) [masculine] (Yiddish), zemir (diq) (Zazaki), pesname (Zazaki), isabizwana [class-7, class-8] (Zulu)
    Sense id: en-pronoun-en-noun-en:Q36224 Disambiguation of LGBTQ: 54 46 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms prefixed with pro-, Entries with translation boxes, Pages using discouraged character sequences, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Afrikaans translations, Terms with Albanian translations, Terms with Amharic translations, Terms with Ancient Greek translations, Terms with Arabic translations, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations, Terms with Asturian translations, Terms with Azerbaijani translations, Terms with Bashkir translations, Terms with Basque translations, Terms with Belarusian translations, Terms with Bengali translations, Terms with Bikol Central translations, Terms with Breton translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Burmese translations, Terms with Cantonese translations, Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations, Terms with Catalan translations, Terms with Chamorro translations, Terms with Chechen translations, Terms with Chuvash translations, Terms with Crimean Tatar translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Erzya translations, Terms with Esperanto translations, Terms with Estonian translations, Terms with Ewe translations, Terms with Faroese translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Galician translations, Terms with Georgian translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Greek translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Hindi translations, Terms with Hokkien translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Icelandic translations, Terms with Ido translations, Terms with Ilocano translations, Terms with Indonesian translations, Terms with Ingrian translations, Terms with Interlingua translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Japanese translations, Terms with Kalmyk translations, Terms with Kapampangan translations, Terms with Kazakh translations, Terms with Khmer translations, Terms with Korean translations, Terms with Kumyk translations, Terms with Kyrgyz translations, Terms with Lao translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Latvian translations, Terms with Limburgish translations, Terms with Lingala translations, Terms with Lithuanian translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Malay translations, Terms with Malayalam translations, Terms with Maltese translations, Terms with Mandarin translations, Terms with Maori translations, Terms with Middle High German translations, Terms with Mongolian translations, Terms with Nahuatl translations, Terms with Nepali translations, Terms with Norman translations, Terms with Northern Kurdish translations, Terms with Northern Sami translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations, Terms with Occitan translations, Terms with Old English translations, Terms with Old Norse translations, Terms with Oromo translations, Terms with Ossetian translations, Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations, Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations, Terms with Pashto translations, Terms with Persian translations, Terms with Piedmontese translations, Terms with Plautdietsch translations, Terms with Pohnpeian translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Quechua translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Sanskrit translations, Terms with Scots translations, Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Sicilian translations, Terms with Slovak translations, Terms with Slovene translations, Terms with Southern Altai translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Sundanese translations, Terms with Swahili translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Tagalog translations, Terms with Tajik translations, Terms with Tamil translations, Terms with Tatar translations, Terms with Telugu translations, Terms with Thai translations, Terms with Tibetan translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Turkmen translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations, Terms with Urdu translations, Terms with Uyghur translations, Terms with Uzbek translations, Terms with Vietnamese translations, Terms with Volapük translations, Terms with Walloon translations, Terms with Waray-Waray translations, Terms with Welsh translations, Terms with West Frisian translations, Terms with Wu translations, Terms with Yiddish translations, Terms with Zazaki translations, Terms with Zulu translations, Parts of speech Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 68 32 Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with pro-: 49 51 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 81 19 Disambiguation of Pages using discouraged character sequences: 66 34 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 70 30 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 69 31 Disambiguation of Terms with Afrikaans translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Albanian translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Amharic translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Ancient Greek translations: 72 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Arabic translations: 70 30 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations: 70 30 Disambiguation of Terms with Asturian translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Azerbaijani translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Bashkir translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Basque translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Belarusian translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Bengali translations: 56 44 Disambiguation of Terms with Bikol Central translations: 78 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Breton translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Burmese translations: 57 43 Disambiguation of Terms with Cantonese translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations: 66 34 Disambiguation of Terms with Catalan translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Chamorro translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Chechen translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Chuvash translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Crimean Tatar translations: 56 44 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 79 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 76 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Erzya translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Esperanto translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Estonian translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Ewe translations: 66 34 Disambiguation of Terms with Faroese translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 76 24 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 77 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Galician translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Georgian translations: 56 44 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 77 23 Disambiguation of Terms with Greek translations: 75 25 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Hindi translations: 78 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Hokkien translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 59 41 Disambiguation of Terms with Icelandic translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Ido translations: 66 34 Disambiguation of Terms with Ilocano translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Indonesian translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Ingrian translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Interlingua translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 76 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 78 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Japanese translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Kalmyk translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Kapampangan translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Kazakh translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Khmer translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Korean translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Kumyk translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Kyrgyz translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Lao translations: 65 35 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Latvian translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Limburgish translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Lingala translations: 85 15 Disambiguation of Terms with Lithuanian translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Malay translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Malayalam translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Maltese translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Mandarin translations: 78 22 Disambiguation of Terms with Maori translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Middle High German translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Mongolian translations: 64 36 Disambiguation of Terms with Nahuatl translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Nepali translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Norman translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Northern Kurdish translations: 75 25 Disambiguation of Terms with Northern Sami translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 72 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Occitan translations: 67 33 Disambiguation of Terms with Old English translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Old Norse translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Oromo translations: 72 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Ossetian translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Pashto translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Persian translations: 56 44 Disambiguation of Terms with Piedmontese translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Plautdietsch translations: 85 15 Disambiguation of Terms with Pohnpeian translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 72 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 59 41 Disambiguation of Terms with Quechua translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 76 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Sanskrit translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Scots translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations: 79 21 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 56 44 Disambiguation of Terms with Sicilian translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovak translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovene translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Southern Altai translations: 84 16 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 76 24 Disambiguation of Terms with Sundanese translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Swahili translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Tagalog translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Tajik translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Tamil translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Tatar translations: 56 44 Disambiguation of Terms with Telugu translations: 72 28 Disambiguation of Terms with Thai translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Tibetan translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkmen translations: 56 44 Disambiguation of Terms with Ukrainian translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Urdu translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Uyghur translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Uzbek translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Vietnamese translations: 55 45 Disambiguation of Terms with Volapük translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Walloon translations: 73 27 Disambiguation of Terms with Waray-Waray translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Welsh translations: 76 24 Disambiguation of Terms with West Frisian translations: 58 42 Disambiguation of Terms with Wu translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Yiddish translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Zazaki translations: 74 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Zulu translations: 71 29 Disambiguation of Parts of speech: 73 27 Topics: grammar, human-sciences, linguistics, sciences Disambiguation of 'type of word': 95 5
  2. (chiefly in the plural) Any of the third-person pronouns by which a person prefers to be described, typically reflecting gender identity. Tags: in-plural Categories (topical): LGBTQ
    Sense id: en-pronoun-en-noun-6YEOANqf Disambiguation of LGBTQ: 54 46 Categories (other): English terms prefixed with pro-, Terms with Czech translations Disambiguation of English terms prefixed with pro-: 49 51 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 55 45
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: pronoune [obsolete], pronoun Hypernyms: part of speech, pro-form, word Related terms: pronominal

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "adjectival pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "copy pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "demonstrative pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "determinative pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "donkey pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "dummy pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "emphasizing pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "emphatic pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "epicene pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "gender-neutral pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "indefinite pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "intensive pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "interrogative pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "neopronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "nounself pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "noun-self pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "object pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "perpendicular pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "personal pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "play the pronoun game"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "possessive pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "prepositional pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pronoun demonstrative"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "reciprocal pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ],
      "word": "possessive pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "relative pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "resumptive pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "shadow pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Spivak pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "subject pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "substantival pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "substantive pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "weak pronoun"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pon",
            "2": "pronaun",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Pohnpeian: pronaun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Pohnpeian: pronaun"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pro",
        "3": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "pro- + noun",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "pronom"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French pronom",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pronomen"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pronomen",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ (ăntōnŭmĭ́ā)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From pro- + noun, modeled on Middle French pronom, from Latin pronomen, itself a calque of Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ (ăntōnŭmĭ́ā).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pronouns",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pronoun (plural pronouns)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hypernyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "part of speech"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "pro-form"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "word"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "adjectival pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "substantival pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "demonstrative pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "emphasizing pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "indefinite pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "intensive pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "interrogative pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "object pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "personal pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "possessive pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "reciprocal pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "reflexive pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "relative pronoun"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "subject pronoun"
    }
  ],
  "instances": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "I"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "you"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
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          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Walloon translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "74 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Waray-Waray translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "76 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "58 42",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with West Frisian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "74 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Wu translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "74 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "74 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Zazaki translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Zulu translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "73 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Parts of speech",
          "orig": "en:Parts of speech",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "LGBTQ",
          "orig": "en:LGBTQ",
          "parents": [
            "Sexuality",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Sex",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Reproduction",
            "Fundamental",
            "Life",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1789, Jean Baptiste, A grammar of the French tongue, page 193:",
          "text": "The possessive conjunctive pronoun is always repeated before a substantive, and after a conjunction; as my brothers and sisters, mes frères & mes sœurs; […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1997, Kevin Smith, Chasing Amy:",
          "text": "Dalia: Why are you playing the pronoun game?\nAlyssa: What? What are you talking about? I'm not even.\nDalia: You are. \"I met someone.\" \"We have a great time. \"They're from my home town.\" Doesn't this tube of wonderful have a name!",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, Nicholas Brownless, “Spoken Discourse in Early English Newspapers”, in Joad Raymond, editor, News Networks in Seventeenth Century Britain and Europe, page 72:",
          "text": "As here the possessive pronoun 'our' has inclusive reference in that it a priori includes both the editor and reader, its presence amounts to a kind of pronominal bonding between writer and reader.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective."
      ],
      "id": "en-pronoun-en-noun-en:Q36224",
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "word",
          "word"
        ],
        [
          "anaphorically",
          "anaphora"
        ],
        [
          "noun",
          "noun"
        ],
        [
          "noun phrase",
          "noun phrase"
        ],
        [
          "determiner",
          "determiner"
        ],
        [
          "adjective",
          "adjective"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(grammar) A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:Q36224"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "af",
          "lang": "Afrikaans",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "voornaamwoord"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "sq",
          "lang": "Albanian",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "përemri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "am",
          "lang": "Amharic",
          "roman": "täwlaṭä səm",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "ተውላጠ ስም"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḍamīr",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ضَمِير"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḍamāʔiru",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine",
            "plural"
          ],
          "word": "ضَمَائِرُ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "deranun",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "դերանուն"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "aii",
          "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
          "roman": "ḥlāpšmā",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ܚܠܵܦܫܡܵܐ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ast",
          "lang": "Asturian",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "pronome"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "əvəzlik"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ba",
          "lang": "Bashkir",
          "roman": "almaş",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "алмаш"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "izenordain"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "zajmjénnik",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "займе́ннік"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "śorbonam",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "সর্বনাম"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "bcl",
          "lang": "Bikol Central",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "panangli"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "br",
          "lang": "Breton",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "raganv"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "mestoiménie",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "местоиме́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "my",
          "lang": "Burmese",
          "roman": "namca:",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "နာမ်စား"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "rue",
          "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
          "roman": "mistonazŷvnyk",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "містоназывник"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pronom"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ch",
          "lang": "Chamorro",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "klå'an"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ce",
          "lang": "Chechen",
          "roman": "cʼermetdoš",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "цӏерметдош"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "roman": "doi⁶ ci⁴",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "代詞 /代词"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "yue",
          "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
          "roman": "doi⁶ ming⁴ ci⁴",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "代名詞 /代名词"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "nan-hbl",
          "lang": "Chinese",
          "roman": "tāi-sû",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "代詞 /代词"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "nan-hbl",
          "lang": "Chinese",
          "roman": "zh-min-nan",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "Hokkien"
          ],
          "word": "代名詞 /代名词"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "dàicí",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "代詞 /代词"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "dàimíngcí",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "代名詞 /代名词"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "wuu",
          "lang": "Wu Chinese",
          "roman": "⁶de-zy",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "代詞 /代词"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "cv",
          "lang": "Chuvash",
          "roman": "mestoimeni",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "местоимени"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "cv",
          "lang": "Chuvash",
          "roman": "ylmaš",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "ылмаш"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "crh",
          "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "zamir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "zájmeno"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "pronomen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "stedord"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "voornaamwoord"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "pronomen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "myv",
          "lang": "Erzya",
          "roman": "tarkasval",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "таркасвал"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "pronomo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "asesõna"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "pronoomen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ee",
          "lang": "Ewe",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "nuŋkɔteƒenɔnya"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "fornavn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "asemo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "pronomini"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pronom"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "pronome"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "nacvalsaxeli",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "ნაცვალსახელი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Fürwort"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Personwort"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Personenwort"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Pronomen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Pronom"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "gmh",
          "lang": "Middle High German",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "vornam"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "antonymía",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "αντωνυμία"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "antōnumía",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "ἀντωνυμία"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "antṓnumon",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "ἀντώνυμον"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "כִּנּוּי גּוּף"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "kinoi guf",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "כנוי גוף"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "note": "'noun of the body'",
          "roman": "shem hagúf",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "שם הגוף"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "hi",
          "lang": "Hindi",
          "roman": "sarvanām",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "सर्वनाम"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "névmás"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "fornafn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "pronomo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ilo",
          "lang": "Ilocano",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "sandinagan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "pronomina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "kata ganti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "izh",
          "lang": "Ingrian",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "pronomina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "izh",
          "lang": "Ingrian",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "nimensihalliin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "pronomine"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "forainm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pronome"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "alt": "だいめいし",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "daimeishi",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "代名詞"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "xal",
          "lang": "Kalmyk",
          "roman": "orç nern",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "орч нерн"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "pam",
          "lang": "Kapampangan",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "panalili"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "esımdık",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "есімдік"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "sɑppĕəʼniəm",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "សព្វនាម"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "alt": "代名詞",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "daemyeongsa",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "대명사"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "kum",
          "lang": "Kumyk",
          "roman": "orunça",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "орунча"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "kmr",
          "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "cînav"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ky",
          "lang": "Kyrgyz",
          "roman": "jaktama",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "жактама"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "lo",
          "lang": "Lao",
          "roman": "sap pha nām",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "ສັບພະນາມ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "prōnōmen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "prōvocābulum"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "vietniekvārds"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "li",
          "lang": "Limburgish",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "veurnaamwaord"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ln",
          "lang": "Lingala",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "likitana"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "įvardis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "zamenka",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "заменка"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "kata ganti diri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ml",
          "lang": "Malayalam",
          "roman": "saṟvvanāmaṁ",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "സർവ്വനാമം"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "mt",
          "lang": "Maltese",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pronom"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "tūkapi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "kupu tūkapi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "mn",
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "roman": "tölöönii ner",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "төлөөний нэр"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "mn",
          "lang": "Mongolian",
          "roman": "tölöönii üg",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "төлөөний үг"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "nah",
          "lang": "Nahuatl",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "tlācatōcāitl"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ne",
          "lang": "Nepali",
          "roman": "sarvanām",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "सर्वनाम"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "nrf",
          "lang": "Norman",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pronom"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "se",
          "lang": "Northern Sami",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "pronomen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "pronomen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "pronomen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pronom"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "bīnama"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "non",
          "lang": "Old Norse",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "fornafn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "om",
          "lang": "Oromo",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "maqdhaala"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "os",
          "lang": "Ossetian",
          "roman": "nomivæg",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "номивӕг"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "roman": "zamir",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "ضمیر"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "rsk",
          "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
          "roman": "zamenovnjik",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "заменовнїк"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ps",
          "lang": "Pashto",
          "roman": "zamir",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ضمير"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ps",
          "lang": "Pashto",
          "roman": "numjǝray",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "نومځری"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "prs",
          "lang": "Dari",
          "roman": "zamīr",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "ضَمِیر"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "fa-ira",
          "lang": "Iranian Persian",
          "roman": "zamir",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "ضَمیر"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "fa-ira",
          "lang": "Iranian Persian",
          "roman": "farânâm",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "فَرانام"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "fa-ira",
          "lang": "Iranian Persian",
          "roman": "pišnâm",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "پیشْنام"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "pms",
          "lang": "Piedmontese",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pronòm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "pdt",
          "lang": "Plautdietsch",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "Fawuat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "pon",
          "lang": "Pohnpeian",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "pronaun"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "zaimek"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pronome"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "qu",
          "lang": "Quechua",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "sutip rantin"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "qu",
          "lang": "Quechua",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "sutiranti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "pronume"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "mestoiménije",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "местоиме́ние"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "sarvanāman",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "सर्वनामन्"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "sco",
          "lang": "Scots",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "pronoun"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "riochdair"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "за̑меница"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "zȃmenica"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "scn",
          "lang": "Sicilian",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "prunomu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "zámeno"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "zaímek"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "alt",
          "lang": "Southern Altai",
          "roman": "soluma",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "солума"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "pronombre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "su",
          "lang": "Sundanese",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "kecap gaganti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "sw",
          "lang": "Swahili",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "kiwakilishi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "pronomen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "panghalip"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "tg",
          "lang": "Tajik",
          "roman": "jonišin",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "ҷонишин"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "tg",
          "lang": "Tajik",
          "roman": "zamir",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "замир"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ta",
          "lang": "Tamil",
          "roman": "peyarccol",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "பெயர்ச்சொல்"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "tt",
          "lang": "Tatar",
          "roman": "almaşlıq",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "алмашлык"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "te",
          "lang": "Telugu",
          "roman": "sarvanāmamu",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "సర్వనామము"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "sàp-pá-naam",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "สรรพนาม"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "bo",
          "lang": "Tibetan",
          "roman": "ming tshab",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "མིང་ཚབ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "zamir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "ivazlık"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "almaş"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "tk",
          "lang": "Turkmen",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "çalyşma"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "zajménnyk",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "займе́нник"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "zamīr",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ضَمِیر"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "ug",
          "lang": "Uyghur",
          "roman": "almash",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "ئالماش"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "uz",
          "lang": "Uzbek",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "olmosh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "alt": "代詞",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "đại từ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "vo",
          "lang": "Volapük",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "pönop"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "wa",
          "lang": "Walloon",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "prono"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "war",
          "lang": "Waray-Waray",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "imbesngaran"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "war",
          "lang": "Waray-Waray",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "taligngaran"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "war",
          "lang": "Waray-Waray",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "talingaran"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "war",
          "lang": "Waray-Waray",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "talingáran"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "rhagenw"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "fy",
          "lang": "West Frisian",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "neuter"
          ],
          "word": "foarnamwurd"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "yi",
          "lang": "Yiddish",
          "roman": "pronom",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "פּראָנאָם"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "zza",
          "lang": "Zazaki",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "zemir (diq)"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "zza",
          "lang": "Zazaki",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "word": "pesname"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "95 5",
          "code": "zu",
          "lang": "Zulu",
          "sense": "type of word",
          "tags": [
            "class-7",
            "class-8"
          ],
          "word": "isabizwana"
        }
      ],
      "wikidata": [
        "Q36224"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "49 51",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms prefixed with pro-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 45",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Czech translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "LGBTQ",
          "orig": "en:LGBTQ",
          "parents": [
            "Sexuality",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Sex",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Reproduction",
            "Fundamental",
            "Life",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "My pronouns are she/her.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2019, Genny Beemyn, editor, Trans People in Higher Education, SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 178:",
          "text": "The vast majority (82 percent) of the nonbinary trans students I interviewed used nonbinary pronouns for themselves, and all said that they were rarely given the opportunity to indicate their pronouns.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2023 August 31, Frankie de la Cretaz, “Postcard from Camp Gaylore”, in Cosmopolitan:",
          "text": "Then an earnest elaboration: “It’s just nice that other people understand what I’m thinking. I don’t have to explain a million things. I don’t have to be like, Okay, I guess I’ll let you ignore my pronouns. It’s a very good space.”",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2023, Miriam Grossman, Lost in Trans Nation:",
          "text": "You can refuse to use pronouns and alternate names and still show love to your child. Be clear and succinct.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of the third-person pronouns by which a person prefers to be described, typically reflecting gender identity."
      ],
      "id": "en-pronoun-en-noun-6YEOANqf",
      "links": [
        [
          "third-person",
          "third-person"
        ],
        [
          "gender identity",
          "gender identity"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly in the plural) Any of the third-person pronouns by which a person prefers to be described, typically reflecting gender identity."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹəʊnaʊn/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹoʊ.naʊn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-pronoun.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/En-us-pronoun.ogg/En-us-pronoun.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/En-us-pronoun.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊnaʊn"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-oʊnaʊn"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "pronoune"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "pronoun"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "pronoun"
  ],
  "word": "pronoun"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle French",
    "English terms prefixed with pro-",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using discouraged character sequences",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/oʊnaʊn",
    "Rhymes:English/oʊnaʊn/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊnaʊn",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊnaʊn/2 syllables",
    "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
    "Terms with Albanian translations",
    "Terms with Amharic translations",
    "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
    "Terms with Arabic translations",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations",
    "Terms with Asturian translations",
    "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
    "Terms with Bashkir translations",
    "Terms with Basque translations",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Bengali translations",
    "Terms with Bikol Central translations",
    "Terms with Breton translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Burmese translations",
    "Terms with Cantonese translations",
    "Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations",
    "Terms with Catalan translations",
    "Terms with Chamorro translations",
    "Terms with Chechen translations",
    "Terms with Chuvash translations",
    "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Erzya translations",
    "Terms with Esperanto translations",
    "Terms with Estonian translations",
    "Terms with Ewe translations",
    "Terms with Faroese translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Galician translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Greek translations",
    "Terms with Hebrew translations",
    "Terms with Hindi translations",
    "Terms with Hokkien translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Icelandic translations",
    "Terms with Ido translations",
    "Terms with Ilocano translations",
    "Terms with Indonesian translations",
    "Terms with Ingrian translations",
    "Terms with Interlingua translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Japanese translations",
    "Terms with Kalmyk translations",
    "Terms with Kapampangan translations",
    "Terms with Kazakh translations",
    "Terms with Khmer translations",
    "Terms with Korean translations",
    "Terms with Kumyk translations",
    "Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
    "Terms with Lao translations",
    "Terms with Latin translations",
    "Terms with Latvian translations",
    "Terms with Limburgish translations",
    "Terms with Lingala translations",
    "Terms with Lithuanian translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Malay translations",
    "Terms with Malayalam translations",
    "Terms with Maltese translations",
    "Terms with Mandarin translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Middle High German translations",
    "Terms with Mongolian translations",
    "Terms with Nahuatl translations",
    "Terms with Nepali translations",
    "Terms with Norman translations",
    "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
    "Terms with Northern Sami translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
    "Terms with Occitan translations",
    "Terms with Old English translations",
    "Terms with Old Norse translations",
    "Terms with Oromo translations",
    "Terms with Ossetian translations",
    "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations",
    "Terms with Pashto translations",
    "Terms with Persian translations",
    "Terms with Piedmontese translations",
    "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
    "Terms with Pohnpeian translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Quechua translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
    "Terms with Scots translations",
    "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Sicilian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Slovene translations",
    "Terms with Southern Altai translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Sundanese translations",
    "Terms with Swahili translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Tagalog translations",
    "Terms with Tajik translations",
    "Terms with Tamil translations",
    "Terms with Tatar translations",
    "Terms with Telugu translations",
    "Terms with Thai translations",
    "Terms with Tibetan translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Turkmen translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "Terms with Urdu translations",
    "Terms with Uyghur translations",
    "Terms with Uzbek translations",
    "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
    "Terms with Volapük translations",
    "Terms with Walloon translations",
    "Terms with Waray-Waray translations",
    "Terms with Welsh translations",
    "Terms with West Frisian translations",
    "Terms with Wu translations",
    "Terms with Yiddish translations",
    "Terms with Zazaki translations",
    "Terms with Zulu translations",
    "en:LGBTQ",
    "en:Parts of speech"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "adjectival pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "copy pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "demonstrative pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "determinative pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "donkey pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "dummy pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "emphasizing pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "emphatic pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "epicene pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "gender-neutral pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "indefinite pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "intensive pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "interrogative pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "neopronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "nounself pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "noun-self pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "object pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "perpendicular pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "personal pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "play the pronoun game"
    },
    {
      "word": "possessive pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "prepositional pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "pronoun demonstrative"
    },
    {
      "word": "reciprocal pronoun"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "reflexive"
      ],
      "word": "possessive pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "relative pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "resumptive pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "shadow pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "Spivak pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "subject pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "substantival pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "substantive pronoun"
    },
    {
      "word": "weak pronoun"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pon",
            "2": "pronaun",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Pohnpeian: pronaun",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Pohnpeian: pronaun"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "pro",
        "3": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "pro- + noun",
      "name": "prefix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "pronom"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French pronom",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pronomen"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pronomen",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ (ăntōnŭmĭ́ā)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From pro- + noun, modeled on Middle French pronom, from Latin pronomen, itself a calque of Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ (ăntōnŭmĭ́ā).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "pronouns",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pronoun (plural pronouns)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hypernyms": [
    {
      "word": "part of speech"
    },
    {
      "word": "pro-form"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "word"
    }
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "adjectival pronoun"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "substantival pronoun"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "demonstrative pronoun"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "emphasizing pronoun"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "indefinite pronoun"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "intensive pronoun"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "interrogative pronoun"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "object pronoun"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "personal pronoun"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "possessive pronoun"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "reciprocal pronoun"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "reflexive pronoun"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "relative pronoun"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "subject pronoun"
    }
  ],
  "instances": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "I"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "you"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "my"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "your"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "each other"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "this"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "pronominal"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "en:Grammar"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1789, Jean Baptiste, A grammar of the French tongue, page 193:",
          "text": "The possessive conjunctive pronoun is always repeated before a substantive, and after a conjunction; as my brothers and sisters, mes frères & mes sœurs; […]",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1997, Kevin Smith, Chasing Amy:",
          "text": "Dalia: Why are you playing the pronoun game?\nAlyssa: What? What are you talking about? I'm not even.\nDalia: You are. \"I met someone.\" \"We have a great time. \"They're from my home town.\" Doesn't this tube of wonderful have a name!",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013, Nicholas Brownless, “Spoken Discourse in Early English Newspapers”, in Joad Raymond, editor, News Networks in Seventeenth Century Britain and Europe, page 72:",
          "text": "As here the possessive pronoun 'our' has inclusive reference in that it a priori includes both the editor and reader, its presence amounts to a kind of pronominal bonding between writer and reader.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "word",
          "word"
        ],
        [
          "anaphorically",
          "anaphora"
        ],
        [
          "noun",
          "noun"
        ],
        [
          "noun phrase",
          "noun phrase"
        ],
        [
          "determiner",
          "determiner"
        ],
        [
          "adjective",
          "adjective"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(grammar) A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:Q36224"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ],
      "wikidata": [
        "Q36224"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "My pronouns are she/her.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2019, Genny Beemyn, editor, Trans People in Higher Education, SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 178:",
          "text": "The vast majority (82 percent) of the nonbinary trans students I interviewed used nonbinary pronouns for themselves, and all said that they were rarely given the opportunity to indicate their pronouns.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2023 August 31, Frankie de la Cretaz, “Postcard from Camp Gaylore”, in Cosmopolitan:",
          "text": "Then an earnest elaboration: “It’s just nice that other people understand what I’m thinking. I don’t have to explain a million things. I don’t have to be like, Okay, I guess I’ll let you ignore my pronouns. It’s a very good space.”",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2023, Miriam Grossman, Lost in Trans Nation:",
          "text": "You can refuse to use pronouns and alternate names and still show love to your child. Be clear and succinct.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Any of the third-person pronouns by which a person prefers to be described, typically reflecting gender identity."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "third-person",
          "third-person"
        ],
        [
          "gender identity",
          "gender identity"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(chiefly in the plural) Any of the third-person pronouns by which a person prefers to be described, typically reflecting gender identity."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "in-plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹəʊnaʊn/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈpɹoʊ.naʊn/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-pronoun.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/En-us-pronoun.ogg/En-us-pronoun.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/En-us-pronoun.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊnaʊn"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-oʊnaʊn"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "pronoune"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:pronoun",
      "word": "pronoun"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "af",
      "lang": "Afrikaans",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "voornaamwoord"
    },
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "përemri"
    },
    {
      "code": "am",
      "lang": "Amharic",
      "roman": "täwlaṭä səm",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "ተውላጠ ስም"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḍamīr",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ضَمِير"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḍamāʔiru",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ],
      "word": "ضَمَائِرُ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "deranun",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "դերանուն"
    },
    {
      "code": "aii",
      "lang": "Assyrian Neo-Aramaic",
      "roman": "ḥlāpšmā",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ܚܠܵܦܫܡܵܐ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ast",
      "lang": "Asturian",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "pronome"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "əvəzlik"
    },
    {
      "code": "ba",
      "lang": "Bashkir",
      "roman": "almaş",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "алмаш"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "izenordain"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "zajmjénnik",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "займе́ннік"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "śorbonam",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "সর্বনাম"
    },
    {
      "code": "bcl",
      "lang": "Bikol Central",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "panangli"
    },
    {
      "code": "br",
      "lang": "Breton",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "raganv"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "mestoiménie",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "местоиме́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "my",
      "lang": "Burmese",
      "roman": "namca:",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "နာမ်စား"
    },
    {
      "code": "rue",
      "lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
      "roman": "mistonazŷvnyk",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "містоназывник"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pronom"
    },
    {
      "code": "ch",
      "lang": "Chamorro",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "klå'an"
    },
    {
      "code": "ce",
      "lang": "Chechen",
      "roman": "cʼermetdoš",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "цӏерметдош"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "roman": "doi⁶ ci⁴",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "代詞 /代词"
    },
    {
      "code": "yue",
      "lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
      "roman": "doi⁶ ming⁴ ci⁴",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "代名詞 /代名词"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "roman": "tāi-sû",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "代詞 /代词"
    },
    {
      "code": "nan-hbl",
      "lang": "Chinese",
      "roman": "zh-min-nan",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "代名詞 /代名词"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "dàicí",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "代詞 /代词"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "dàimíngcí",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "代名詞 /代名词"
    },
    {
      "code": "wuu",
      "lang": "Wu Chinese",
      "roman": "⁶de-zy",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "代詞 /代词"
    },
    {
      "code": "cv",
      "lang": "Chuvash",
      "roman": "mestoimeni",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "местоимени"
    },
    {
      "code": "cv",
      "lang": "Chuvash",
      "roman": "ylmaš",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "ылмаш"
    },
    {
      "code": "crh",
      "lang": "Crimean Tatar",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "zamir"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "zájmeno"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "pronomen"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "stedord"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "voornaamwoord"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "pronomen"
    },
    {
      "code": "myv",
      "lang": "Erzya",
      "roman": "tarkasval",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "таркасвал"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "pronomo"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "asesõna"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "pronoomen"
    },
    {
      "code": "ee",
      "lang": "Ewe",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "nuŋkɔteƒenɔnya"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "fornavn"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "asemo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "pronomini"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pronom"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "pronome"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "nacvalsaxeli",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "ნაცვალსახელი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Fürwort"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Personwort"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Personenwort"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Pronomen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Pronom"
    },
    {
      "code": "gmh",
      "lang": "Middle High German",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "vornam"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "antonymía",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "αντωνυμία"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "antōnumía",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "ἀντωνυμία"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "antṓnumon",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "ἀντώνυμον"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "כִּנּוּי גּוּף"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "kinoi guf",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "כנוי גוף"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "note": "'noun of the body'",
      "roman": "shem hagúf",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "שם הגוף"
    },
    {
      "code": "hi",
      "lang": "Hindi",
      "roman": "sarvanām",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "सर्वनाम"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "névmás"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "fornafn"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "pronomo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ilo",
      "lang": "Ilocano",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "sandinagan"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "pronomina"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "kata ganti"
    },
    {
      "code": "izh",
      "lang": "Ingrian",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "pronomina"
    },
    {
      "code": "izh",
      "lang": "Ingrian",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "nimensihalliin"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "pronomine"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "forainm"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pronome"
    },
    {
      "alt": "だいめいし",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "daimeishi",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "代名詞"
    },
    {
      "code": "xal",
      "lang": "Kalmyk",
      "roman": "orç nern",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "орч нерн"
    },
    {
      "code": "pam",
      "lang": "Kapampangan",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "panalili"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "esımdık",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "есімдік"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "sɑppĕəʼniəm",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "សព្វនាម"
    },
    {
      "alt": "代名詞",
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "daemyeongsa",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "대명사"
    },
    {
      "code": "kum",
      "lang": "Kumyk",
      "roman": "orunça",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "орунча"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "cînav"
    },
    {
      "code": "ky",
      "lang": "Kyrgyz",
      "roman": "jaktama",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "жактама"
    },
    {
      "code": "lo",
      "lang": "Lao",
      "roman": "sap pha nām",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "ສັບພະນາມ"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "prōnōmen"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "prōvocābulum"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "vietniekvārds"
    },
    {
      "code": "li",
      "lang": "Limburgish",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "veurnaamwaord"
    },
    {
      "code": "ln",
      "lang": "Lingala",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "likitana"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "įvardis"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "zamenka",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "заменка"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "kata ganti diri"
    },
    {
      "code": "ml",
      "lang": "Malayalam",
      "roman": "saṟvvanāmaṁ",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "സർവ്വനാമം"
    },
    {
      "code": "mt",
      "lang": "Maltese",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pronom"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "tūkapi"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "kupu tūkapi"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "tölöönii ner",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "төлөөний нэр"
    },
    {
      "code": "mn",
      "lang": "Mongolian",
      "roman": "tölöönii üg",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "төлөөний үг"
    },
    {
      "code": "nah",
      "lang": "Nahuatl",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "tlācatōcāitl"
    },
    {
      "code": "ne",
      "lang": "Nepali",
      "roman": "sarvanām",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "सर्वनाम"
    },
    {
      "code": "nrf",
      "lang": "Norman",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pronom"
    },
    {
      "code": "se",
      "lang": "Northern Sami",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "pronomen"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "pronomen"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "pronomen"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pronom"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "bīnama"
    },
    {
      "code": "non",
      "lang": "Old Norse",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "fornafn"
    },
    {
      "code": "om",
      "lang": "Oromo",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "maqdhaala"
    },
    {
      "code": "os",
      "lang": "Ossetian",
      "roman": "nomivæg",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "номивӕг"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "zamir",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "ضمیر"
    },
    {
      "code": "rsk",
      "lang": "Pannonian Rusyn",
      "roman": "zamenovnjik",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "заменовнїк"
    },
    {
      "code": "ps",
      "lang": "Pashto",
      "roman": "zamir",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ضمير"
    },
    {
      "code": "ps",
      "lang": "Pashto",
      "roman": "numjǝray",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "نومځری"
    },
    {
      "code": "prs",
      "lang": "Dari",
      "roman": "zamīr",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "ضَمِیر"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa-ira",
      "lang": "Iranian Persian",
      "roman": "zamir",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "ضَمیر"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa-ira",
      "lang": "Iranian Persian",
      "roman": "farânâm",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "فَرانام"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa-ira",
      "lang": "Iranian Persian",
      "roman": "pišnâm",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "پیشْنام"
    },
    {
      "code": "pms",
      "lang": "Piedmontese",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pronòm"
    },
    {
      "code": "pdt",
      "lang": "Plautdietsch",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "Fawuat"
    },
    {
      "code": "pon",
      "lang": "Pohnpeian",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "pronaun"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "zaimek"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pronome"
    },
    {
      "code": "qu",
      "lang": "Quechua",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "sutip rantin"
    },
    {
      "code": "qu",
      "lang": "Quechua",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "sutiranti"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "pronume"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "mestoiménije",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "местоиме́ние"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "sarvanāman",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "सर्वनामन्"
    },
    {
      "code": "sco",
      "lang": "Scots",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "pronoun"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "riochdair"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "за̑меница"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "zȃmenica"
    },
    {
      "code": "scn",
      "lang": "Sicilian",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "prunomu"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "zámeno"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "zaímek"
    },
    {
      "code": "alt",
      "lang": "Southern Altai",
      "roman": "soluma",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "солума"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "pronombre"
    },
    {
      "code": "su",
      "lang": "Sundanese",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "kecap gaganti"
    },
    {
      "code": "sw",
      "lang": "Swahili",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "kiwakilishi"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "pronomen"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "panghalip"
    },
    {
      "code": "tg",
      "lang": "Tajik",
      "roman": "jonišin",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "ҷонишин"
    },
    {
      "code": "tg",
      "lang": "Tajik",
      "roman": "zamir",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "замир"
    },
    {
      "code": "ta",
      "lang": "Tamil",
      "roman": "peyarccol",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "பெயர்ச்சொல்"
    },
    {
      "code": "tt",
      "lang": "Tatar",
      "roman": "almaşlıq",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "алмашлык"
    },
    {
      "code": "te",
      "lang": "Telugu",
      "roman": "sarvanāmamu",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "సర్వనామము"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "sàp-pá-naam",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "สรรพนาม"
    },
    {
      "code": "bo",
      "lang": "Tibetan",
      "roman": "ming tshab",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "མིང་ཚབ"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "zamir"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "ivazlık"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "almaş"
    },
    {
      "code": "tk",
      "lang": "Turkmen",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "çalyşma"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "zajménnyk",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "займе́нник"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "zamīr",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ضَمِیر"
    },
    {
      "code": "ug",
      "lang": "Uyghur",
      "roman": "almash",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "ئالماش"
    },
    {
      "code": "uz",
      "lang": "Uzbek",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "olmosh"
    },
    {
      "alt": "代詞",
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "đại từ"
    },
    {
      "code": "vo",
      "lang": "Volapük",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "pönop"
    },
    {
      "code": "wa",
      "lang": "Walloon",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "prono"
    },
    {
      "code": "war",
      "lang": "Waray-Waray",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "imbesngaran"
    },
    {
      "code": "war",
      "lang": "Waray-Waray",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "taligngaran"
    },
    {
      "code": "war",
      "lang": "Waray-Waray",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "talingaran"
    },
    {
      "code": "war",
      "lang": "Waray-Waray",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "talingáran"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "rhagenw"
    },
    {
      "code": "fy",
      "lang": "West Frisian",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ],
      "word": "foarnamwurd"
    },
    {
      "code": "yi",
      "lang": "Yiddish",
      "roman": "pronom",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "פּראָנאָם"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "zemir (diq)"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "pesname"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "pesname"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "word": "pesname"
    },
    {
      "code": "zu",
      "lang": "Zulu",
      "sense": "type of word",
      "tags": [
        "class-7",
        "class-8"
      ],
      "word": "isabizwana"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "pronoun"
  ],
  "word": "pronoun"
}

Download raw JSONL data for pronoun meaning in All languages combined (29.4kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/2013",
  "msg": "more than one value in \"roman\": tāi-bêng-sû vs. zh-min-nan",
  "path": [
    "pronoun"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "pronoun",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "pronoun/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Ancient Greek\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle French\", \"English terms prefixed with pro-\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages using discouraged character sequences\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/oʊnaʊn\", \"Rhymes:English/oʊnaʊn/2 syllables\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊnaʊn\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊnaʊn/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Afrikaans translations\", \"Terms with Albanian translations\", \"Terms with Amharic translations\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Bashkir translations\", \"Terms with Basque translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Bikol Central translations\", \"Terms with Breton translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Cantonese translations\", \"Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Chamorro translations\", \"Terms with Chechen translations\", \"Terms with Chuvash translations\", \"Terms with Crimean Tatar translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Erzya translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Ewe translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hokkien translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Ilocano translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Ingrian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kalmyk translations\", \"Terms with Kapampangan translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Kumyk translations\", \"Terms with Kyrgyz translations\", \"Terms with Lao translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Limburgish translations\", \"Terms with Lingala translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Malayalam translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Middle High German translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Nahuatl translations\", \"Terms with Nepali translations\", \"Terms with Norman translations\", \"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Northern Sami translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Old English translations\", \"Terms with Old Norse translations\", \"Terms with Oromo translations\", \"Terms with Ossetian translations\", \"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations\", \"Terms with Pashto translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Piedmontese translations\", \"Terms with Plautdietsch translations\", \"Terms with Pohnpeian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Quechua translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sanskrit translations\", \"Terms with Scots translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Southern Altai translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Sundanese translations\", \"Terms with Swahili translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Tamil translations\", \"Terms with Tatar translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Tibetan translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Turkmen translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Urdu translations\", \"Terms with Uyghur translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Volapük translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with Waray-Waray translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\", \"Terms with West Frisian translations\", \"Terms with Wu translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\", \"Terms with Zazaki translations\", \"Terms with Zulu translations\", \"en:LGBTQ\", \"en:Parts of speech\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"adjectival pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"copy pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"demonstrative pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"determinative pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"donkey pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"dummy pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"emphasizing pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"emphatic pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"epicene pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"gender-neutral pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"indefinite pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"intensive pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"interrogative pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"neopronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"nounself pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"noun-self pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"object pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"perpendicular pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"personal pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"play the pronoun game\"}, {\"word\": \"possessive pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"prepositional pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"pronoun demonstrative\"}, {\"word\": \"reciprocal pronoun\"}, {\"tags\": [\"reflexive\"], \"word\": \"possessive pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"relative pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"resumptive pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"shadow pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"Spivak pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"subject pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"substantival pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"substantive pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"weak pronoun\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pon\", \"2\": \"pronaun\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Pohnpeian: pronaun\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Pohnpeian: pronaun\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"pro\", \"3\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"pro- + noun\", \"name\": \"prefix\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"frm\", \"3\": \"pronom\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle French pronom\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"pronomen\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin pronomen\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"grc\", \"3\": \"ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ (ăntōnŭmĭ́ā)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From pro- + noun, modeled on Middle French pronom, from Latin pronomen, itself a calque of Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ (ăntōnŭmĭ́ā).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"pronouns\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"pronoun (plural pronouns)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"hypernyms\": [{\"word\": \"part of speech\"}, {\"word\": \"pro-form\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"word\"}], \"hyponyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"adjectival pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"substantival pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"demonstrative pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"emphasizing pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"indefinite pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"intensive pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"interrogative pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"object pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"personal pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"possessive pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"reciprocal pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"reflexive pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"relative pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"subject pronoun\"}], \"instances\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"I\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"you\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"my\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"your\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"each other\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"this\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"pronominal\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\", \"en:Grammar\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1789, Jean Baptiste, A grammar of the French tongue, page 193:\", \"text\": \"The possessive conjunctive pronoun is always repeated before a substantive, and after a conjunction; as my brothers and sisters, mes frères & mes sœurs; […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1997, Kevin Smith, Chasing Amy:\", \"text\": \"Dalia: Why are you playing the pronoun game?\\nAlyssa: What? What are you talking about? I'm not even.\\nDalia: You are. \\\"I met someone.\\\" \\\"We have a great time. \\\"They're from my home town.\\\" Doesn't this tube of wonderful have a name!\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2013, Nicholas Brownless, “Spoken Discourse in Early English Newspapers”, in Joad Raymond, editor, News Networks in Seventeenth Century Britain and Europe, page 72:\", \"text\": \"As here the possessive pronoun 'our' has inclusive reference in that it a priori includes both the editor and reader, its presence amounts to a kind of pronominal bonding between writer and reader.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective.\"], \"links\": [[\"grammar\", \"grammar\"], [\"word\", \"word\"], [\"anaphorically\", \"anaphora\"], [\"noun\", \"noun\"], [\"noun phrase\", \"noun phrase\"], [\"determiner\", \"determiner\"], [\"adjective\", \"adjective\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(grammar) A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:Q36224\"], \"topics\": [\"grammar\", \"human-sciences\", \"linguistics\", \"sciences\"], \"wikidata\": [\"Q36224\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"My pronouns are she/her.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2019, Genny Beemyn, editor, Trans People in Higher Education, SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 178:\", \"text\": \"The vast majority (82 percent) of the nonbinary trans students I interviewed used nonbinary pronouns for themselves, and all said that they were rarely given the opportunity to indicate their pronouns.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2023 August 31, Frankie de la Cretaz, “Postcard from Camp Gaylore”, in Cosmopolitan:\", \"text\": \"Then an earnest elaboration: “It’s just nice that other people understand what I’m thinking. I don’t have to explain a million things. I don’t have to be like, Okay, I guess I’ll let you ignore my pronouns. It’s a very good space.”\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2023, Miriam Grossman, Lost in Trans Nation:\", \"text\": \"You can refuse to use pronouns and alternate names and still show love to your child. Be clear and succinct.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Any of the third-person pronouns by which a person prefers to be described, typically reflecting gender identity.\"], \"links\": [[\"third-person\", \"third-person\"], [\"gender identity\", \"gender identity\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(chiefly in the plural) Any of the third-person pronouns by which a person prefers to be described, typically reflecting gender identity.\"], \"tags\": [\"in-plural\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈpɹəʊnaʊn/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈpɹoʊ.naʊn/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-pronoun.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/En-us-pronoun.ogg/En-us-pronoun.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/En-us-pronoun.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-əʊnaʊn\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-oʊnaʊn\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"pronoune\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"pronoun\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"af\", \"lang\": \"Afrikaans\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"voornaamwoord\"}, {\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"përemri\"}, {\"code\": \"am\", \"lang\": \"Amharic\", \"roman\": \"täwlaṭä səm\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ተውላጠ ስም\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḍamīr\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ضَمِير\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḍamāʔiru\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"ضَمَائِرُ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"deranun\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"դերանուն\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"ḥlāpšmā\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ܚܠܵܦܫܡܵܐ\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronome\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"əvəzlik\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"almaş\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"алмаш\"}, {\"code\": \"eu\", \"lang\": \"Basque\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"izenordain\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"zajmjénnik\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"займе́ннік\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"śorbonam\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"সর্বনাম\"}, {\"code\": \"bcl\", \"lang\": \"Bikol Central\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"panangli\"}, {\"code\": \"br\", \"lang\": \"Breton\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"raganv\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"mestoiménie\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"местоиме́ние\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"namca:\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"နာမ်စား\"}, {\"code\": \"rue\", \"lang\": \"Carpathian Rusyn\", \"roman\": \"mistonazŷvnyk\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"містоназывник\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pronom\"}, {\"code\": \"ch\", \"lang\": \"Chamorro\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"klå'an\"}, {\"code\": \"ce\", \"lang\": \"Chechen\", \"roman\": \"cʼermetdoš\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"цӏерметдош\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"doi⁶ ci⁴\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"代詞 /代词\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"doi⁶ ming⁴ ci⁴\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"代名詞 /代名词\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"roman\": \"tāi-sû\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"代詞 /代词\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"roman\": \"zh-min-nan\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"代名詞 /代名词\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"dàicí\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"代詞 /代词\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"dàimíngcí\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"代名詞 /代名词\"}, {\"code\": \"wuu\", \"lang\": \"Wu Chinese\", \"roman\": \"⁶de-zy\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"代詞 /代词\"}, {\"code\": \"cv\", \"lang\": \"Chuvash\", \"roman\": \"mestoimeni\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"местоимени\"}, {\"code\": \"cv\", \"lang\": \"Chuvash\", \"roman\": \"ylmaš\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ылмаш\"}, {\"code\": \"crh\", \"lang\": \"Crimean Tatar\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"zamir\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"zájmeno\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"pronomen\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"stedord\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"voornaamwoord\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"pronomen\"}, {\"code\": \"myv\", \"lang\": \"Erzya\", \"roman\": \"tarkasval\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"таркасвал\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronomo\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"asesõna\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronoomen\"}, {\"code\": \"ee\", \"lang\": \"Ewe\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"nuŋkɔteƒenɔnya\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"fornavn\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"asemo\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronomini\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pronom\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronome\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"nacvalsaxeli\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ნაცვალსახელი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Fürwort\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Personwort\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Personenwort\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Pronomen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Pronom\"}, {\"code\": \"gmh\", \"lang\": \"Middle High German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"vornam\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"antonymía\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"αντωνυμία\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"antōnumía\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ἀντωνυμία\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"antṓnumon\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"ἀντώνυμον\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"כִּנּוּי גּוּף\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"kinoi guf\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"כנוי גוף\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"note\": \"'noun of the body'\", \"roman\": \"shem hagúf\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"שם הגוף\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"sarvanām\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"सर्वनाम\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"névmás\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"fornafn\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronomo\"}, {\"code\": \"ilo\", \"lang\": \"Ilocano\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"sandinagan\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronomina\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"kata ganti\"}, {\"code\": \"izh\", \"lang\": \"Ingrian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronomina\"}, {\"code\": \"izh\", \"lang\": \"Ingrian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"nimensihalliin\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronomine\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"forainm\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pronome\"}, {\"alt\": \"だいめいし\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"daimeishi\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"代名詞\"}, {\"code\": \"xal\", \"lang\": \"Kalmyk\", \"roman\": \"orç nern\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"орч нерн\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"panalili\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"esımdık\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"есімдік\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"sɑppĕəʼniəm\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"សព្វនាម\"}, {\"alt\": \"代名詞\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"daemyeongsa\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"대명사\"}, {\"code\": \"kum\", \"lang\": \"Kumyk\", \"roman\": \"orunça\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"орунча\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cînav\"}, {\"code\": \"ky\", \"lang\": \"Kyrgyz\", \"roman\": \"jaktama\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"жактама\"}, {\"code\": \"lo\", \"lang\": \"Lao\", \"roman\": \"sap pha nām\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ສັບພະນາມ\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"prōnōmen\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"prōvocābulum\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"vietniekvārds\"}, {\"code\": \"li\", \"lang\": \"Limburgish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"veurnaamwaord\"}, {\"code\": \"ln\", \"lang\": \"Lingala\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"likitana\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"įvardis\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"zamenka\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"заменка\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"kata ganti diri\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"saṟvvanāmaṁ\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"സർവ്വനാമം\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pronom\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"tūkapi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"kupu tūkapi\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"tölöönii ner\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"төлөөний нэр\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"tölöönii üg\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"төлөөний үг\"}, {\"code\": \"nah\", \"lang\": \"Nahuatl\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"tlācatōcāitl\"}, {\"code\": \"ne\", \"lang\": \"Nepali\", \"roman\": \"sarvanām\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"सर्वनाम\"}, {\"code\": \"nrf\", \"lang\": \"Norman\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pronom\"}, {\"code\": \"se\", \"lang\": \"Northern Sami\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronomen\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"pronomen\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"pronomen\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pronom\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"bīnama\"}, {\"code\": \"non\", \"lang\": \"Old Norse\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"fornafn\"}, {\"code\": \"om\", \"lang\": \"Oromo\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"maqdhaala\"}, {\"code\": \"os\", \"lang\": \"Ossetian\", \"roman\": \"nomivæg\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"номивӕг\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"zamir\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ضمیر\"}, {\"code\": \"rsk\", \"lang\": \"Pannonian Rusyn\", \"roman\": \"zamenovnjik\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"заменовнїк\"}, {\"code\": \"ps\", \"lang\": \"Pashto\", \"roman\": \"zamir\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ضمير\"}, {\"code\": \"ps\", \"lang\": \"Pashto\", \"roman\": \"numjǝray\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"نومځری\"}, {\"code\": \"prs\", \"lang\": \"Dari\", \"roman\": \"zamīr\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ضَمِیر\"}, {\"code\": \"fa-ira\", \"lang\": \"Iranian Persian\", \"roman\": \"zamir\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ضَمیر\"}, {\"code\": \"fa-ira\", \"lang\": \"Iranian Persian\", \"roman\": \"farânâm\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"فَرانام\"}, {\"code\": \"fa-ira\", \"lang\": \"Iranian Persian\", \"roman\": \"pišnâm\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"پیشْنام\"}, {\"code\": \"pms\", \"lang\": \"Piedmontese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pronòm\"}, {\"code\": \"pdt\", \"lang\": \"Plautdietsch\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Fawuat\"}, {\"code\": \"pon\", \"lang\": \"Pohnpeian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronaun\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"zaimek\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pronome\"}, {\"code\": \"qu\", \"lang\": \"Quechua\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"sutip rantin\"}, {\"code\": \"qu\", \"lang\": \"Quechua\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"sutiranti\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"pronume\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"mestoiménije\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"местоиме́ние\"}, {\"code\": \"sa\", \"lang\": \"Sanskrit\", \"roman\": \"sarvanāman\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"सर्वनामन्\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronoun\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"riochdair\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"за̑меница\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"zȃmenica\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"prunomu\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"zámeno\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"zaímek\"}, {\"code\": \"alt\", \"lang\": \"Southern Altai\", \"roman\": \"soluma\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"солума\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pronombre\"}, {\"code\": \"su\", \"lang\": \"Sundanese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"kecap gaganti\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"kiwakilishi\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"pronomen\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"panghalip\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"jonišin\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ҷонишин\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"zamir\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"замир\"}, {\"code\": \"ta\", \"lang\": \"Tamil\", \"roman\": \"peyarccol\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"பெயர்ச்சொல்\"}, {\"code\": \"tt\", \"lang\": \"Tatar\", \"roman\": \"almaşlıq\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"алмашлык\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"sarvanāmamu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"సర్వనామము\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"sàp-pá-naam\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"สรรพนาม\"}, {\"code\": \"bo\", \"lang\": \"Tibetan\", \"roman\": \"ming tshab\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"མིང་ཚབ\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"zamir\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ivazlık\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"almaş\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"çalyşma\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"zajménnyk\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"займе́нник\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"zamīr\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ضَمِیر\"}, {\"code\": \"ug\", \"lang\": \"Uyghur\", \"roman\": \"almash\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ئالماش\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"olmosh\"}, {\"alt\": \"代詞\", \"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"đại từ\"}, {\"code\": \"vo\", \"lang\": \"Volapük\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pönop\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"prono\"}, {\"code\": \"war\", \"lang\": \"Waray-Waray\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"imbesngaran\"}, {\"code\": \"war\", \"lang\": \"Waray-Waray\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"taligngaran\"}, {\"code\": \"war\", \"lang\": \"Waray-Waray\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"talingaran\"}, {\"code\": \"war\", \"lang\": \"Waray-Waray\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"talingáran\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"rhagenw\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"foarnamwurd\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"pronom\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"פּראָנאָם\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"zemir (diq)\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pesname\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pesname\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pesname\"}, {\"code\": \"zu\", \"lang\": \"Zulu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"class-7\", \"class-8\"], \"word\": \"isabizwana\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"pronoun\"], \"word\": \"pronoun\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "pronoun",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
  "msg": "pronoun/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag General-American not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Ancient Greek\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle French\", \"English terms prefixed with pro-\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages using discouraged character sequences\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Rhymes:English/oʊnaʊn\", \"Rhymes:English/oʊnaʊn/2 syllables\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊnaʊn\", \"Rhymes:English/əʊnaʊn/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Afrikaans translations\", \"Terms with Albanian translations\", \"Terms with Amharic translations\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Armenian translations\", \"Terms with Assyrian Neo-Aramaic translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Azerbaijani translations\", \"Terms with Bashkir translations\", \"Terms with Basque translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Bengali translations\", \"Terms with Bikol Central translations\", \"Terms with Breton translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Burmese translations\", \"Terms with Cantonese translations\", \"Terms with Carpathian Rusyn translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Chamorro translations\", \"Terms with Chechen translations\", \"Terms with Chuvash translations\", \"Terms with Crimean Tatar translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Erzya translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Ewe translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with Georgian translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Hindi translations\", \"Terms with Hokkien translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Ilocano translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Ingrian translations\", \"Terms with Interlingua translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Japanese translations\", \"Terms with Kalmyk translations\", \"Terms with Kapampangan translations\", \"Terms with Kazakh translations\", \"Terms with Khmer translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Kumyk translations\", \"Terms with Kyrgyz translations\", \"Terms with Lao translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Limburgish translations\", \"Terms with Lingala translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Malay translations\", \"Terms with Malayalam translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Middle High German translations\", \"Terms with Mongolian translations\", \"Terms with Nahuatl translations\", \"Terms with Nepali translations\", \"Terms with Norman translations\", \"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Northern Sami translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Old English translations\", \"Terms with Old Norse translations\", \"Terms with Oromo translations\", \"Terms with Ossetian translations\", \"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Pannonian Rusyn translations\", \"Terms with Pashto translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Piedmontese translations\", \"Terms with Plautdietsch translations\", \"Terms with Pohnpeian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Quechua translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sanskrit translations\", \"Terms with Scots translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Sicilian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Southern Altai translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Sundanese translations\", \"Terms with Swahili translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Tagalog translations\", \"Terms with Tajik translations\", \"Terms with Tamil translations\", \"Terms with Tatar translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Thai translations\", \"Terms with Tibetan translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Turkmen translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Urdu translations\", \"Terms with Uyghur translations\", \"Terms with Uzbek translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Volapük translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with Waray-Waray translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\", \"Terms with West Frisian translations\", \"Terms with Wu translations\", \"Terms with Yiddish translations\", \"Terms with Zazaki translations\", \"Terms with Zulu translations\", \"en:LGBTQ\", \"en:Parts of speech\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"adjectival pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"copy pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"demonstrative pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"determinative pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"donkey pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"dummy pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"emphasizing pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"emphatic pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"epicene pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"gender-neutral pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"indefinite pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"intensive pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"interrogative pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"neopronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"nounself pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"noun-self pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"object pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"perpendicular pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"personal pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"play the pronoun game\"}, {\"word\": \"possessive pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"prepositional pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"pronoun demonstrative\"}, {\"word\": \"reciprocal pronoun\"}, {\"tags\": [\"reflexive\"], \"word\": \"possessive pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"relative pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"resumptive pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"shadow pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"Spivak pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"subject pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"substantival pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"substantive pronoun\"}, {\"word\": \"weak pronoun\"}], \"descendants\": [{\"depth\": 1, \"templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"pon\", \"2\": \"pronaun\", \"bor\": \"1\"}, \"expansion\": \"→ Pohnpeian: pronaun\", \"name\": \"desc\"}], \"text\": \"→ Pohnpeian: pronaun\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"pro\", \"3\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"pro- + noun\", \"name\": \"prefix\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"frm\", \"3\": \"pronom\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle French pronom\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"pronomen\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin pronomen\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"grc\", \"3\": \"ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ\"}, \"expansion\": \"Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ (ăntōnŭmĭ́ā)\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From pro- + noun, modeled on Middle French pronom, from Latin pronomen, itself a calque of Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ντωνῠμῐ́ᾱ (ăntōnŭmĭ́ā).\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"pronouns\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"pronoun (plural pronouns)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"hypernyms\": [{\"word\": \"part of speech\"}, {\"word\": \"pro-form\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"word\"}], \"hyponyms\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"adjectival pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"substantival pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"demonstrative pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"emphasizing pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"indefinite pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"intensive pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"interrogative pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"object pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"personal pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"possessive pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"reciprocal pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"reflexive pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"relative pronoun\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"subject pronoun\"}], \"instances\": [{\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"I\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"you\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"my\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"your\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"each other\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"this\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"pronominal\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\", \"en:Grammar\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1789, Jean Baptiste, A grammar of the French tongue, page 193:\", \"text\": \"The possessive conjunctive pronoun is always repeated before a substantive, and after a conjunction; as my brothers and sisters, mes frères & mes sœurs; […]\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1997, Kevin Smith, Chasing Amy:\", \"text\": \"Dalia: Why are you playing the pronoun game?\\nAlyssa: What? What are you talking about? I'm not even.\\nDalia: You are. \\\"I met someone.\\\" \\\"We have a great time. \\\"They're from my home town.\\\" Doesn't this tube of wonderful have a name!\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2013, Nicholas Brownless, “Spoken Discourse in Early English Newspapers”, in Joad Raymond, editor, News Networks in Seventeenth Century Britain and Europe, page 72:\", \"text\": \"As here the possessive pronoun 'our' has inclusive reference in that it a priori includes both the editor and reader, its presence amounts to a kind of pronominal bonding between writer and reader.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective.\"], \"links\": [[\"grammar\", \"grammar\"], [\"word\", \"word\"], [\"anaphorically\", \"anaphora\"], [\"noun\", \"noun\"], [\"noun phrase\", \"noun phrase\"], [\"determiner\", \"determiner\"], [\"adjective\", \"adjective\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(grammar) A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:Q36224\"], \"topics\": [\"grammar\", \"human-sciences\", \"linguistics\", \"sciences\"], \"wikidata\": [\"Q36224\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"My pronouns are she/her.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"2019, Genny Beemyn, editor, Trans People in Higher Education, SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 178:\", \"text\": \"The vast majority (82 percent) of the nonbinary trans students I interviewed used nonbinary pronouns for themselves, and all said that they were rarely given the opportunity to indicate their pronouns.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2023 August 31, Frankie de la Cretaz, “Postcard from Camp Gaylore”, in Cosmopolitan:\", \"text\": \"Then an earnest elaboration: “It’s just nice that other people understand what I’m thinking. I don’t have to explain a million things. I don’t have to be like, Okay, I guess I’ll let you ignore my pronouns. It’s a very good space.”\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2023, Miriam Grossman, Lost in Trans Nation:\", \"text\": \"You can refuse to use pronouns and alternate names and still show love to your child. Be clear and succinct.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Any of the third-person pronouns by which a person prefers to be described, typically reflecting gender identity.\"], \"links\": [[\"third-person\", \"third-person\"], [\"gender identity\", \"gender identity\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(chiefly in the plural) Any of the third-person pronouns by which a person prefers to be described, typically reflecting gender identity.\"], \"tags\": [\"in-plural\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈpɹəʊnaʊn/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/ˈpɹoʊ.naʊn/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-pronoun.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cf/En-us-pronoun.ogg/En-us-pronoun.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/En-us-pronoun.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-əʊnaʊn\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-oʊnaʊn\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"pronoune\"}, {\"source\": \"Thesaurus:pronoun\", \"word\": \"pronoun\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"af\", \"lang\": \"Afrikaans\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"voornaamwoord\"}, {\"code\": \"sq\", \"lang\": \"Albanian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"përemri\"}, {\"code\": \"am\", \"lang\": \"Amharic\", \"roman\": \"täwlaṭä səm\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ተውላጠ ስም\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḍamīr\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ضَمِير\"}, {\"code\": \"ar\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"ḍamāʔiru\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"ضَمَائِرُ\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"deranun\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"դերանուն\"}, {\"code\": \"aii\", \"lang\": \"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic\", \"roman\": \"ḥlāpšmā\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ܚܠܵܦܫܡܵܐ\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronome\"}, {\"code\": \"az\", \"lang\": \"Azerbaijani\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"əvəzlik\"}, {\"code\": \"ba\", \"lang\": \"Bashkir\", \"roman\": \"almaş\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"алмаш\"}, {\"code\": \"eu\", \"lang\": \"Basque\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"izenordain\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"zajmjénnik\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"займе́ннік\"}, {\"code\": \"bn\", \"lang\": \"Bengali\", \"roman\": \"śorbonam\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"সর্বনাম\"}, {\"code\": \"bcl\", \"lang\": \"Bikol Central\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"panangli\"}, {\"code\": \"br\", \"lang\": \"Breton\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"raganv\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"mestoiménie\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"местоиме́ние\"}, {\"code\": \"my\", \"lang\": \"Burmese\", \"roman\": \"namca:\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"နာမ်စား\"}, {\"code\": \"rue\", \"lang\": \"Carpathian Rusyn\", \"roman\": \"mistonazŷvnyk\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"містоназывник\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pronom\"}, {\"code\": \"ch\", \"lang\": \"Chamorro\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"klå'an\"}, {\"code\": \"ce\", \"lang\": \"Chechen\", \"roman\": \"cʼermetdoš\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"цӏерметдош\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"doi⁶ ci⁴\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"代詞 /代词\"}, {\"code\": \"yue\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Cantonese\", \"roman\": \"doi⁶ ming⁴ ci⁴\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"代名詞 /代名词\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"roman\": \"tāi-sû\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"代詞 /代词\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"roman\": \"zh-min-nan\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"代名詞 /代名词\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"dàicí\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"代詞 /代词\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"dàimíngcí\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"代名詞 /代名词\"}, {\"code\": \"wuu\", \"lang\": \"Wu Chinese\", \"roman\": \"⁶de-zy\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"代詞 /代词\"}, {\"code\": \"cv\", \"lang\": \"Chuvash\", \"roman\": \"mestoimeni\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"местоимени\"}, {\"code\": \"cv\", \"lang\": \"Chuvash\", \"roman\": \"ylmaš\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ылмаш\"}, {\"code\": \"crh\", \"lang\": \"Crimean Tatar\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"zamir\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"zájmeno\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"pronomen\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"stedord\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"voornaamwoord\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"pronomen\"}, {\"code\": \"myv\", \"lang\": \"Erzya\", \"roman\": \"tarkasval\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"таркасвал\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronomo\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"asesõna\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronoomen\"}, {\"code\": \"ee\", \"lang\": \"Ewe\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"nuŋkɔteƒenɔnya\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"fornavn\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"asemo\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronomini\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pronom\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronome\"}, {\"code\": \"ka\", \"lang\": \"Georgian\", \"roman\": \"nacvalsaxeli\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ნაცვალსახელი\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Fürwort\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Personwort\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Personenwort\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Pronomen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Pronom\"}, {\"code\": \"gmh\", \"lang\": \"Middle High German\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"vornam\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"antonymía\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"αντωνυμία\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"antōnumía\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"ἀντωνυμία\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"antṓnumon\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"ἀντώνυμον\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"כִּנּוּי גּוּף\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"kinoi guf\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"כנוי גוף\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"note\": \"'noun of the body'\", \"roman\": \"shem hagúf\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"שם הגוף\"}, {\"code\": \"hi\", \"lang\": \"Hindi\", \"roman\": \"sarvanām\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"सर्वनाम\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"névmás\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"fornafn\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronomo\"}, {\"code\": \"ilo\", \"lang\": \"Ilocano\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"sandinagan\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronomina\"}, {\"code\": \"id\", \"lang\": \"Indonesian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"kata ganti\"}, {\"code\": \"izh\", \"lang\": \"Ingrian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronomina\"}, {\"code\": \"izh\", \"lang\": \"Ingrian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"nimensihalliin\"}, {\"code\": \"ia\", \"lang\": \"Interlingua\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronomine\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"forainm\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pronome\"}, {\"alt\": \"だいめいし\", \"code\": \"ja\", \"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"roman\": \"daimeishi\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"代名詞\"}, {\"code\": \"xal\", \"lang\": \"Kalmyk\", \"roman\": \"orç nern\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"орч нерн\"}, {\"code\": \"pam\", \"lang\": \"Kapampangan\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"panalili\"}, {\"code\": \"kk\", \"lang\": \"Kazakh\", \"roman\": \"esımdık\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"есімдік\"}, {\"code\": \"km\", \"lang\": \"Khmer\", \"roman\": \"sɑppĕəʼniəm\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"សព្វនាម\"}, {\"alt\": \"代名詞\", \"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"daemyeongsa\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"대명사\"}, {\"code\": \"kum\", \"lang\": \"Kumyk\", \"roman\": \"orunça\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"орунча\"}, {\"code\": \"kmr\", \"lang\": \"Northern Kurdish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cînav\"}, {\"code\": \"ky\", \"lang\": \"Kyrgyz\", \"roman\": \"jaktama\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"жактама\"}, {\"code\": \"lo\", \"lang\": \"Lao\", \"roman\": \"sap pha nām\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ສັບພະນາມ\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"prōnōmen\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"prōvocābulum\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"vietniekvārds\"}, {\"code\": \"li\", \"lang\": \"Limburgish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"veurnaamwaord\"}, {\"code\": \"ln\", \"lang\": \"Lingala\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"likitana\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"įvardis\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"zamenka\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"заменка\"}, {\"code\": \"ms\", \"lang\": \"Malay\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"kata ganti diri\"}, {\"code\": \"ml\", \"lang\": \"Malayalam\", \"roman\": \"saṟvvanāmaṁ\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"സർവ്വനാമം\"}, {\"code\": \"mt\", \"lang\": \"Maltese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pronom\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"tūkapi\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"kupu tūkapi\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"tölöönii ner\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"төлөөний нэр\"}, {\"code\": \"mn\", \"lang\": \"Mongolian\", \"roman\": \"tölöönii üg\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\"], \"word\": \"төлөөний үг\"}, {\"code\": \"nah\", \"lang\": \"Nahuatl\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"tlācatōcāitl\"}, {\"code\": \"ne\", \"lang\": \"Nepali\", \"roman\": \"sarvanām\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"सर्वनाम\"}, {\"code\": \"nrf\", \"lang\": \"Norman\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pronom\"}, {\"code\": \"se\", \"lang\": \"Northern Sami\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronomen\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"pronomen\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"pronomen\"}, {\"code\": \"oc\", \"lang\": \"Occitan\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pronom\"}, {\"code\": \"ang\", \"lang\": \"Old English\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"bīnama\"}, {\"code\": \"non\", \"lang\": \"Old Norse\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"fornafn\"}, {\"code\": \"om\", \"lang\": \"Oromo\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"maqdhaala\"}, {\"code\": \"os\", \"lang\": \"Ossetian\", \"roman\": \"nomivæg\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"номивӕг\"}, {\"code\": \"ota\", \"lang\": \"Ottoman Turkish\", \"roman\": \"zamir\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ضمیر\"}, {\"code\": \"rsk\", \"lang\": \"Pannonian Rusyn\", \"roman\": \"zamenovnjik\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"заменовнїк\"}, {\"code\": \"ps\", \"lang\": \"Pashto\", \"roman\": \"zamir\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ضمير\"}, {\"code\": \"ps\", \"lang\": \"Pashto\", \"roman\": \"numjǝray\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"نومځری\"}, {\"code\": \"prs\", \"lang\": \"Dari\", \"roman\": \"zamīr\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ضَمِیر\"}, {\"code\": \"fa-ira\", \"lang\": \"Iranian Persian\", \"roman\": \"zamir\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ضَمیر\"}, {\"code\": \"fa-ira\", \"lang\": \"Iranian Persian\", \"roman\": \"farânâm\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"فَرانام\"}, {\"code\": \"fa-ira\", \"lang\": \"Iranian Persian\", \"roman\": \"pišnâm\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"پیشْنام\"}, {\"code\": \"pms\", \"lang\": \"Piedmontese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pronòm\"}, {\"code\": \"pdt\", \"lang\": \"Plautdietsch\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"Fawuat\"}, {\"code\": \"pon\", \"lang\": \"Pohnpeian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronaun\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"zaimek\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pronome\"}, {\"code\": \"qu\", \"lang\": \"Quechua\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"sutip rantin\"}, {\"code\": \"qu\", \"lang\": \"Quechua\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"sutiranti\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"pronume\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"mestoiménije\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"местоиме́ние\"}, {\"code\": \"sa\", \"lang\": \"Sanskrit\", \"roman\": \"sarvanāman\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"सर्वनामन्\"}, {\"code\": \"sco\", \"lang\": \"Scots\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pronoun\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"riochdair\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"Cyrillic\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"за̑меница\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"Roman\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"zȃmenica\"}, {\"code\": \"scn\", \"lang\": \"Sicilian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"prunomu\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"zámeno\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"zaímek\"}, {\"code\": \"alt\", \"lang\": \"Southern Altai\", \"roman\": \"soluma\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"солума\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pronombre\"}, {\"code\": \"su\", \"lang\": \"Sundanese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"kecap gaganti\"}, {\"code\": \"sw\", \"lang\": \"Swahili\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"kiwakilishi\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"pronomen\"}, {\"code\": \"tl\", \"lang\": \"Tagalog\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"panghalip\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"jonišin\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ҷонишин\"}, {\"code\": \"tg\", \"lang\": \"Tajik\", \"roman\": \"zamir\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"замир\"}, {\"code\": \"ta\", \"lang\": \"Tamil\", \"roman\": \"peyarccol\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"பெயர்ச்சொல்\"}, {\"code\": \"tt\", \"lang\": \"Tatar\", \"roman\": \"almaşlıq\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"алмашлык\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"sarvanāmamu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"సర్వనామము\"}, {\"code\": \"th\", \"lang\": \"Thai\", \"roman\": \"sàp-pá-naam\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"สรรพนาม\"}, {\"code\": \"bo\", \"lang\": \"Tibetan\", \"roman\": \"ming tshab\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"མིང་ཚབ\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"zamir\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ivazlık\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"almaş\"}, {\"code\": \"tk\", \"lang\": \"Turkmen\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"çalyşma\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"zajménnyk\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"займе́нник\"}, {\"code\": \"ur\", \"lang\": \"Urdu\", \"roman\": \"zamīr\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"ضَمِیر\"}, {\"code\": \"ug\", \"lang\": \"Uyghur\", \"roman\": \"almash\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"ئالماش\"}, {\"code\": \"uz\", \"lang\": \"Uzbek\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"olmosh\"}, {\"alt\": \"代詞\", \"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"đại từ\"}, {\"code\": \"vo\", \"lang\": \"Volapük\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pönop\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"prono\"}, {\"code\": \"war\", \"lang\": \"Waray-Waray\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"imbesngaran\"}, {\"code\": \"war\", \"lang\": \"Waray-Waray\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"taligngaran\"}, {\"code\": \"war\", \"lang\": \"Waray-Waray\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"talingaran\"}, {\"code\": \"war\", \"lang\": \"Waray-Waray\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"talingáran\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"rhagenw\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"foarnamwurd\"}, {\"code\": \"yi\", \"lang\": \"Yiddish\", \"roman\": \"pronom\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"פּראָנאָם\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"zemir (diq)\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pesname\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pesname\"}, {\"code\": \"zza\", \"lang\": \"Zazaki\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"word\": \"pesname\"}, {\"code\": \"zu\", \"lang\": \"Zulu\", \"sense\": \"type of word\", \"tags\": [\"class-7\", \"class-8\"], \"word\": \"isabizwana\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"pronoun\"], \"word\": \"pronoun\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "pronoun",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.