See owe in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "how much do I owe you"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "owe it to oneself"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "owe out"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "owe someone one"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "the world owes one a living"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "to what do I owe the pleasure"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eyḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "owen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English owen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "āgan"
},
"expansion": "Old English āgan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*aigan",
"t": "to own"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *aigan (“to own”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*aiganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *aiganą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eh₂óyḱe",
"t": "to possess, own"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂óyḱe (“to possess, own”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ईष्टे",
"3": "",
"t": "to own, possess"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ईष्टे (īṣṭe, “to own, possess”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English owen, from Old English āgan, from Proto-West Germanic *aigan (“to own”), from Proto-Germanic *aiganą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂óyḱe (“to possess, own”), reduplicated stative of *h₂eyḱ- (“to own”). See also own, ought.\nCognate with Sanskrit ईष्टे (īṣṭe, “to own, possess”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "owes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "owing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "owed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ought",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "owed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "own",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "ought",
"past2_qual": "archaic",
"past_ptc2": "own",
"past_ptc2_qual": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "owe (third-person singular simple present owes, present participle owing, simple past owed or (archaic) ought, past participle owed or (archaic) own)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I owe Kevin five bucks which he lent to me last week.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "This time I'll cover for you, but now you owe me a favour.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1593, anonymous author, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act I:",
"text": "VVe owe God a death, and we can but die:",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:",
"text": "[…] To you, Antonio,\nI owe the most, in money and in love;\nAnd from your love I have a warranty\nTo unburden all my plots and purposes\nHow to get clear of all the debts I owe.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1854, Charles Dickens, chapter 7, in Hard Times. For These Times, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "He inherited a fair fortune from his uncle, but owed it all before he came into it, and spent it twice over immediately afterwards.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be under an obligation to give something back to someone or to perform some action for someone."
],
"id": "en-owe-en-verb-FVnzUfoh",
"raw_glosses": [
"(ditransitive) To be under an obligation to give something back to someone or to perform some action for someone."
],
"tags": [
"ditransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bycʹ u abavjázku",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "быць у абавя́зку"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "músicʹ",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "му́сіць"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bycʹ pavínjen",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "быць паві́нен"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadǎlžen sǎm",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "задължен съм"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "deure"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "schuldig zijn"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "ŝuldi"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "olla velkaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "devoir"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "deber"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "schulden"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "schuldig sein"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "skulan",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chrostáo",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "χρωστάω"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chrostó",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "χρωστώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "khav",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "חב"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hayá khayáv",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "היה חייב"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "debar"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"note": "with subject and object reversed",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "bí ar"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "dovere"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "dēbeō"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "dever"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "sċulan"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "madyun budan",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "مدیون بودن"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bedehkâr budan",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "بدهکار بودن"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "być zobowiązany"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zawdzięczać"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "dever"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "datora"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bytʹ dólžnym",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "быть до́лжным"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bytʹ objázannym",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "быть обя́занным"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bytʹ v dolgú",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "быть в долгу́"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "dolgovati"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "deber"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "adeudar"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "vara skyldig"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výnen",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ви́нен"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výnna",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ви́нна"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výnni",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ви́нні"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "búty výnnym",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "бу́ти ви́нним"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "músyty",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "му́сити"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "povýnnyj",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"predicative"
],
"word": "пови́нний"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "deyndarey"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "zyp",
"lang": "Zyphe",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "bah"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 90 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
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],
"glosses": [
"To have debt; to be in debt."
],
"id": "en-owe-en-verb-7bPiPxsj",
"links": [
[
"debt",
"debt"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To have debt; to be in debt."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zavinavácicca",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "завінава́ціцца"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zapazýčycca",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "запазы́чыцца"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bycʹ ŭ daŭhú",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "быць ў даўгу́"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dǎlža",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "дължа"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "deure"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "him³",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "欠"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiàn",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "欠"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiànzhài",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "欠債 /欠债"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "dlužit"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "skylde"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "schuldig zijn"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "olla velkaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "olla veloissa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "devoir"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "deber"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "schulden"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "schuldig sein"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "skulan",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "opheílō",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "ὀφείλω"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "dwe"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hayá khayáv",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "היה חייב"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "tartozik"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"note": "with subject and object reversed",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "bí ar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "dovere"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "essere in debito"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"alt": "かりがある",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kari ga aru",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "借りがある"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"alt": "おう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ou",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "負う"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bitjigo itda",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "빚지고 있다"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "dēbeō"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "berhutang"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "skylde"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "dever"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bedehkâr budan",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "بدهکار بودن"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "mieć dług"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "być winnym"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "winić"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "dever"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "datora"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dólžen",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"predicative"
],
"word": "до́лжен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dolžná",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "должна́"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dolžný",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "должны́"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bytʹ dólžnym",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "быть до́лжным"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bytʹ v dolgú",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "быть в долгу́"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zadolžátʹ",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задолжа́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "дуго̀вати"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "dugòvati"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "dolgovati"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "estar en deuda"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "deber"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "adeudar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "vara skyldig"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 98 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "borçlu olmak"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The record owes its success to the outstanding guitar solos.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To have as a cause; used with to."
],
"id": "en-owe-en-verb-rx3JNpgB",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To have as a cause; used with to."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ō",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/oʊ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-owe.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/En-us-owe.ogg/En-us-owe.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/En-us-owe.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "o"
},
{
"homophone": "O"
},
{
"homophone": "oh"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊ"
}
],
"word": "owe"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eyḱ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Arabic translations",
"Requests for review of Czech translations",
"Requests for review of Hungarian translations",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Korean translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Macedonian translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"Rhymes:English/əʊ",
"Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Cantonese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Haitian Creole translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Zazaki translations",
"Terms with Zyphe translations",
"yo:Primates",
"yo:Rhetoric"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "how much do I owe you"
},
{
"word": "owe it to oneself"
},
{
"word": "owe out"
},
{
"word": "owe someone one"
},
{
"word": "the world owes one a living"
},
{
"word": "to what do I owe the pleasure"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eyḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "owen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English owen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "āgan"
},
"expansion": "Old English āgan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*aigan",
"t": "to own"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *aigan (“to own”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*aiganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *aiganą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eh₂óyḱe",
"t": "to possess, own"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂óyḱe (“to possess, own”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ईष्टे",
"3": "",
"t": "to own, possess"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ईष्टे (īṣṭe, “to own, possess”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English owen, from Old English āgan, from Proto-West Germanic *aigan (“to own”), from Proto-Germanic *aiganą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂óyḱe (“to possess, own”), reduplicated stative of *h₂eyḱ- (“to own”). See also own, ought.\nCognate with Sanskrit ईष्टे (īṣṭe, “to own, possess”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "owes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "owing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "owed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ought",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "owed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "own",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "ought",
"past2_qual": "archaic",
"past_ptc2": "own",
"past_ptc2_qual": "archaic"
},
"expansion": "owe (third-person singular simple present owes, present participle owing, simple past owed or (archaic) ought, past participle owed or (archaic) own)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English ditransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "I owe Kevin five bucks which he lent to me last week.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "This time I'll cover for you, but now you owe me a favour.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1593, anonymous author, The Life and Death of Iacke Straw […], Act I:",
"text": "VVe owe God a death, and we can but die:",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:",
"text": "[…] To you, Antonio,\nI owe the most, in money and in love;\nAnd from your love I have a warranty\nTo unburden all my plots and purposes\nHow to get clear of all the debts I owe.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1854, Charles Dickens, chapter 7, in Hard Times. For These Times, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "He inherited a fair fortune from his uncle, but owed it all before he came into it, and spent it twice over immediately afterwards.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To be under an obligation to give something back to someone or to perform some action for someone."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ditransitive) To be under an obligation to give something back to someone or to perform some action for someone."
],
"tags": [
"ditransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To have debt; to be in debt."
],
"links": [
[
"debt",
"debt"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To have debt; to be in debt."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The record owes its success to the outstanding guitar solos.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To have as a cause; used with to."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To have as a cause; used with to."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ō",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/oʊ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-owe.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/En-us-owe.ogg/En-us-owe.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/En-us-owe.ogg"
},
{
"homophone": "o"
},
{
"homophone": "O"
},
{
"homophone": "oh"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bycʹ u abavjázku",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "быць у абавя́зку"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "músicʹ",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "му́сіць"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bycʹ pavínjen",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "быць паві́нен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadǎlžen sǎm",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "задължен съм"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "deure"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "schuldig zijn"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "ŝuldi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "olla velkaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "devoir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "deber"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "schulden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "schuldig sein"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "skulan",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chrostáo",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "χρωστάω"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "chrostó",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "χρωστώ"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "khav",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "חב"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hayá khayáv",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "היה חייב"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "debar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"note": "with subject and object reversed",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "bí ar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "dovere"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "dēbeō"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "dever"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "sċulan"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "madyun budan",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "مدیون بودن"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bedehkâr budan",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "بدهکار بودن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "być zobowiązany"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zawdzięczać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "dever"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "datora"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bytʹ dólžnym",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "быть до́лжным"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bytʹ objázannym",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "быть обя́занным"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bytʹ v dolgú",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "быть в долгу́"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "dolgovati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "deber"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "adeudar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "vara skyldig"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výnen",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ви́нен"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výnna",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ви́нна"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "výnni",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "ви́нні"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "búty výnnym",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "бу́ти ви́нним"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "músyty",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "му́сити"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "povýnnyj",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"predicative"
],
"word": "пови́нний"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "deyndarey"
},
{
"code": "zyp",
"lang": "Zyphe",
"sense": "to be under an obligation",
"word": "bah"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zavinavácicca",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "завінава́ціцца"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zapazýčycca",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "запазы́чыцца"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "bycʹ ŭ daŭhú",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "быць ў даўгу́"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dǎlža",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "дължа"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "deure"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "him³",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "欠"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiàn",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "欠"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiànzhài",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "欠債 /欠债"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "dlužit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "skylde"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "schuldig zijn"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "olla velkaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "olla veloissa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "devoir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "deber"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "schulden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "schuldig sein"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "skulan",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "𐍃𐌺𐌿𐌻𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "opheílō",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "ὀφείλω"
},
{
"code": "ht",
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "dwe"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "hayá khayáv",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "היה חייב"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "tartozik"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"note": "with subject and object reversed",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "bí ar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "dovere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "essere in debito"
},
{
"alt": "かりがある",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kari ga aru",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "借りがある"
},
{
"alt": "おう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ou",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "負う"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bitjigo itda",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "빚지고 있다"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "dēbeō"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "berhutang"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "skylde"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "dever"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "bedehkâr budan",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "بدهکار بودن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "mieć dług"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "być winnym"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "winić"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "dever"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "datora"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dólžen",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"predicative"
],
"word": "до́лжен"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dolžná",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "должна́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dolžný",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "должны́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bytʹ dólžnym",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "быть до́лжным"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bytʹ v dolgú",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "быть в долгу́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zadolžátʹ",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "задолжа́ть"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "дуго̀вати"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "dugòvati"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "dolgovati"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "estar en deuda"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "deber"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "adeudar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "vara skyldig"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to be in debt",
"word": "borçlu olmak"
}
],
"word": "owe"
}
Download raw JSONL data for owe meaning in English (17.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.