"hillbilly" meaning in English

See hillbilly in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈhɪlbɪli/ Audio: en-us-hillbilly.ogg [US] Forms: hillbillies [plural]
Etymology: From hill + billy (“fellow”). Compare Scots chapman billie (“travelling salesman”). Etymology templates: {{compound|en|hill|billy|t2=fellow}} hill + billy (“fellow”), {{cog|sco|chapman billie|t=travelling salesman}} Scots chapman billie (“travelling salesman”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} hillbilly (plural hillbillies)
  1. (often derogatory) Someone who is from the hills; especially from a rural area, with a connotation of a lack of refinement or sophistication. Tags: derogatory, often Categories (topical): People Synonyms: hick Translations (someone who is from the hills): kamparanaĉo (Esperanto), metsäläinen (Finnish), maalaistollo (Finnish), péquenaud [derogatory] (French), Hinterwäldler [masculine] (German), cábóg [feminine] (Irish), montanaro [masculine] (Italian), buzzurro (Italian), 田舎者 (inakamono) (alt: いなかもの) (Japanese), се́ланец (sélanec) [masculine] (Macedonian), wieśniak [derogatory] (Polish), caipira [feminine, masculine] (Portuguese), деревенщина (derevenščina) (Russian), chúntaro [Mexico, Northern, masculine, regional, slang] (Spanish), gwladwr [masculine] (Welsh)
    Sense id: en-hillbilly-en-noun-N9AzMU11 Disambiguation of People: 38 37 0 0 24 Disambiguation of 'someone who is from the hills': 85 15
  2. (ethnic slur) A white person from the rural southern part of the United States, especially the Southeastern states. Tags: ethnic, slur Categories (topical): People, Stock characters Translations (white person from the rural southern United States): metsäläinen (Finnish), sudista [masculine] (Italian), хи́ллбилли (xíllbilli) [masculine] (Russian), prostački [Roman] (Serbo-Croatian)
    Sense id: en-hillbilly-en-noun--O8th0~3 Disambiguation of People: 38 37 0 0 24 Disambiguation of Stock characters: 4 53 9 8 26 Categories (other): English ethnic slurs, English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English entries with topic categories using raw markup, English ethnic slurs Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 4 40 22 15 18 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 4 55 19 10 12 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 5 57 19 8 11 Disambiguation of English ethnic slurs: 2 75 6 4 13 Disambiguation of 'white person from the rural southern United States': 1 99
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: hillbilly heroin, hillbilly hot tub, hillbillyish, hillbillyism, hillbillylike, hillbilly mango, hillbilly music Related terms: mountain man, redneck

Verb

IPA: /ˈhɪlbɪli/ Audio: en-us-hillbilly.ogg [US] Forms: hillbillies [present, singular, third-person], hillbillying [participle, present], hillbillied [participle, past], hillbillied [past]
Etymology: From hill + billy (“fellow”). Compare Scots chapman billie (“travelling salesman”). Etymology templates: {{compound|en|hill|billy|t2=fellow}} hill + billy (“fellow”), {{cog|sco|chapman billie|t=travelling salesman}} Scots chapman billie (“travelling salesman”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} hillbilly (third-person singular simple present hillbillies, present participle hillbillying, simple past and past participle hillbillied)
  1. To emphasize one's rural or humble upbringing; to use unsophisticated charm.
    Sense id: en-hillbilly-en-verb-sJ59t5F-
  2. To portray or act as an uneducated and unsophisticated fool.
    Sense id: en-hillbilly-en-verb-ik6jps2B
  3. To perform or experience stereotypically hillbilly-like actions. Categories (topical): People
    Sense id: en-hillbilly-en-verb-OJ8kbTH7 Disambiguation of People: 38 37 0 0 24

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for hillbilly meaning in English (11.0kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hillbilly heroin"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hillbilly hot tub"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hillbillyish"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hillbillyism"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hillbillylike"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hillbilly mango"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hillbilly music"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "хи́ллбилли",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: хи́ллбилли (xíllbilli)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: хи́ллбилли (xíllbilli)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hill",
        "3": "billy",
        "t2": "fellow"
      },
      "expansion": "hill + billy (“fellow”)",
      "name": "compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "chapman billie",
        "t": "travelling salesman"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots chapman billie (“travelling salesman”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From hill + billy (“fellow”). Compare Scots chapman billie (“travelling salesman”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hillbillies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "hillbilly (plural hillbillies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "mountain man"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "redneck"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "38 37 0 0 24",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Someone who is from the hills; especially from a rural area, with a connotation of a lack of refinement or sophistication."
      ],
      "id": "en-hillbilly-en-noun-N9AzMU11",
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "hills",
          "hills"
        ],
        [
          "rural",
          "rural"
        ],
        [
          "refinement",
          "refinement"
        ],
        [
          "sophistication",
          "sophistication"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(often derogatory) Someone who is from the hills; especially from a rural area, with a connotation of a lack of refinement or sophistication."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "hick"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory",
        "often"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "85 15",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
          "word": "kamparanaĉo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 15",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
          "word": "metsäläinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 15",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
          "word": "maalaistollo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 15",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "péquenaud"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 15",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Hinterwäldler"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 15",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cábóg"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 15",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "montanaro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 15",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
          "word": "buzzurro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 15",
          "alt": "いなかもの",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "inakamono",
          "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
          "word": "田舎者"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 15",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "sélanec",
          "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "се́ланец"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 15",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
          "tags": [
            "derogatory"
          ],
          "word": "wieśniak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 15",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
          "tags": [
            "feminine",
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "caipira"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 15",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "derevenščina",
          "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
          "word": "деревенщина"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 15",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
          "tags": [
            "Mexico",
            "Northern",
            "masculine",
            "regional",
            "slang"
          ],
          "word": "chúntaro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "85 15",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "gwladwr"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English ethnic slurs",
          "parents": [
            "Ethnic slurs",
            "Offensive terms",
            "Terms by usage"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 40 22 15 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 55 19 10 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 57 19 8 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 75 6 4 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English ethnic slurs",
          "parents": [
            "Ethnic slurs",
            "Offensive terms",
            "Terms by usage"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "38 37 0 0 24",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 53 9 8 26",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Stock characters",
          "orig": "en:Stock characters",
          "parents": [
            "Fictional characters",
            "Fiction",
            "Artistic works",
            "Art",
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A white person from the rural southern part of the United States, especially the Southeastern states."
      ],
      "id": "en-hillbilly-en-noun--O8th0~3",
      "links": [
        [
          "ethnic",
          "ethnic"
        ],
        [
          "slur",
          "slur"
        ],
        [
          "white person",
          "white person"
        ],
        [
          "rural",
          "rural"
        ],
        [
          "United States",
          "United States"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ethnic slur) A white person from the rural southern part of the United States, especially the Southeastern states."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ethnic",
        "slur"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "white person from the rural southern United States",
          "word": "metsäläinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "white person from the rural southern United States",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "sudista"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "xíllbilli",
          "sense": "white person from the rural southern United States",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "хи́ллбилли"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "white person from the rural southern United States",
          "tags": [
            "Roman"
          ],
          "word": "prostački"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɪlbɪli/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-hillbilly.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/En-us-hillbilly.ogg/En-us-hillbilly.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/En-us-hillbilly.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hillbilly"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hill",
        "3": "billy",
        "t2": "fellow"
      },
      "expansion": "hill + billy (“fellow”)",
      "name": "compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "chapman billie",
        "t": "travelling salesman"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots chapman billie (“travelling salesman”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From hill + billy (“fellow”). Compare Scots chapman billie (“travelling salesman”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hillbillies",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hillbillying",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hillbillied",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hillbillied",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "hillbilly (third-person singular simple present hillbillies, present participle hillbillying, simple past and past participle hillbillied)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1991, The Commonwealth Review - Volume 3, page 189",
          "text": "Hillbillying troubadors, the bohemians of a new world, not cafe society but more like the poor white origins of an Elvis Presley.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002 April 1, Marie Brenner, “The Enron Wars”, in Vanity Fair",
          "text": "Like Ken Lay, [Rebecca] Mark came from a small town in Missouri, one of four children in a farm family with deep fundamentalist beliefs. Her conversational style has been polished in Texas, and she is a master of “hillbillying,” the trick of playing up one’s humble origins.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2004 April 30, Lesley Stahl, “Hardball”, in MSNBC",
          "text": "And Kerry doesn’t know how to hillbilly. And it is not a Texas thing, by the way. John F. Kennedy used to hillbilly us. And that meant that he flirted with us. He had a twinkle. Bill Clinton hillbillied us. And Kerry has got to learn how to do that. He has got to dial back and show some relaxed affability.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To emphasize one's rural or humble upbringing; to use unsophisticated charm."
      ],
      "id": "en-hillbilly-en-verb-sJ59t5F-",
      "links": [
        [
          "emphasize",
          "emphasize"
        ],
        [
          "rural",
          "rural"
        ],
        [
          "humble",
          "humble"
        ],
        [
          "upbringing",
          "upbringing"
        ],
        [
          "unsophisticated",
          "unsophisticated"
        ],
        [
          "charm",
          "charm"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2001, The New York Times Biographical Service, Volume 32, page 1540",
          "text": "I think that 20 to 30 years ago nonfundamentalists in America did make a great mistake by typing them, by hillbillying and backwoodsing and holy-rollering them.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, Laurel Snyder, Half/life: Jew-ish Tales from Interfaith Homes, page 25",
          "text": "God damned mother fuckin son of a bitch cock suckin' asshole, who the fuck does he think he is, that dumb ass, half-brained, hillbillied redneck, given me that Jew shit when he's coppin' money and nobody's got the balls to stand up to him and they're gonna let me take the rap?",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, Tim Hollis, Ain't That a Knee-Slapper, page 125",
          "text": "The Warner Bros. cartoons, after having hillbillied themselves nearly to death during the 1930s, did not return to the trend during the late 1940s.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To portray or act as an uneducated and unsophisticated fool."
      ],
      "id": "en-hillbilly-en-verb-ik6jps2B",
      "links": [
        [
          "portray",
          "portray"
        ],
        [
          "act",
          "act"
        ],
        [
          "uneducated",
          "uneducated"
        ],
        [
          "unsophisticated",
          "unsophisticated"
        ],
        [
          "fool",
          "fool"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "38 37 0 0 24",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "People",
          "orig": "en:People",
          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To perform or experience stereotypically hillbilly-like actions."
      ],
      "id": "en-hillbilly-en-verb-OJ8kbTH7",
      "links": [
        [
          "perform",
          "perform"
        ],
        [
          "experience",
          "experience"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɪlbɪli/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-hillbilly.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/En-us-hillbilly.ogg/En-us-hillbilly.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/En-us-hillbilly.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hillbilly"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English compound terms",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English ethnic slurs",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "en:People",
    "en:Stock characters"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "hillbilly heroin"
    },
    {
      "word": "hillbilly hot tub"
    },
    {
      "word": "hillbillyish"
    },
    {
      "word": "hillbillyism"
    },
    {
      "word": "hillbillylike"
    },
    {
      "word": "hillbilly mango"
    },
    {
      "word": "hillbilly music"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ru",
            "2": "хи́ллбилли",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Russian: хи́ллбилли (xíllbilli)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Russian: хи́ллбилли (xíllbilli)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hill",
        "3": "billy",
        "t2": "fellow"
      },
      "expansion": "hill + billy (“fellow”)",
      "name": "compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "chapman billie",
        "t": "travelling salesman"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots chapman billie (“travelling salesman”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From hill + billy (“fellow”). Compare Scots chapman billie (“travelling salesman”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hillbillies",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "hillbilly (plural hillbillies)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "mountain man"
    },
    {
      "word": "redneck"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English derogatory terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Someone who is from the hills; especially from a rural area, with a connotation of a lack of refinement or sophistication."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory"
        ],
        [
          "hills",
          "hills"
        ],
        [
          "rural",
          "rural"
        ],
        [
          "refinement",
          "refinement"
        ],
        [
          "sophistication",
          "sophistication"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(often derogatory) Someone who is from the hills; especially from a rural area, with a connotation of a lack of refinement or sophistication."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "hick"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "derogatory",
        "often"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English ethnic slurs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A white person from the rural southern part of the United States, especially the Southeastern states."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ethnic",
          "ethnic"
        ],
        [
          "slur",
          "slur"
        ],
        [
          "white person",
          "white person"
        ],
        [
          "rural",
          "rural"
        ],
        [
          "United States",
          "United States"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ethnic slur) A white person from the rural southern part of the United States, especially the Southeastern states."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ethnic",
        "slur"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɪlbɪli/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-hillbilly.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/En-us-hillbilly.ogg/En-us-hillbilly.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/En-us-hillbilly.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
      "word": "kamparanaĉo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
      "word": "metsäläinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
      "word": "maalaistollo"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
      "tags": [
        "derogatory"
      ],
      "word": "péquenaud"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Hinterwäldler"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cábóg"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "montanaro"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
      "word": "buzzurro"
    },
    {
      "alt": "いなかもの",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "inakamono",
      "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
      "word": "田舎者"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "sélanec",
      "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "се́ланец"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
      "tags": [
        "derogatory"
      ],
      "word": "wieśniak"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "caipira"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "derevenščina",
      "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
      "word": "деревенщина"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
      "tags": [
        "Mexico",
        "Northern",
        "masculine",
        "regional",
        "slang"
      ],
      "word": "chúntaro"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "someone who is from the hills",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "gwladwr"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "white person from the rural southern United States",
      "word": "metsäläinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "white person from the rural southern United States",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "sudista"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "xíllbilli",
      "sense": "white person from the rural southern United States",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "хи́ллбилли"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "white person from the rural southern United States",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "prostački"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hillbilly"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English compound terms",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English ethnic slurs",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "en:People",
    "en:Stock characters"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hill",
        "3": "billy",
        "t2": "fellow"
      },
      "expansion": "hill + billy (“fellow”)",
      "name": "compound"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sco",
        "2": "chapman billie",
        "t": "travelling salesman"
      },
      "expansion": "Scots chapman billie (“travelling salesman”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From hill + billy (“fellow”). Compare Scots chapman billie (“travelling salesman”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hillbillies",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hillbillying",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hillbillied",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hillbillied",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "hillbilly (third-person singular simple present hillbillies, present participle hillbillying, simple past and past participle hillbillied)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1991, The Commonwealth Review - Volume 3, page 189",
          "text": "Hillbillying troubadors, the bohemians of a new world, not cafe society but more like the poor white origins of an Elvis Presley.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002 April 1, Marie Brenner, “The Enron Wars”, in Vanity Fair",
          "text": "Like Ken Lay, [Rebecca] Mark came from a small town in Missouri, one of four children in a farm family with deep fundamentalist beliefs. Her conversational style has been polished in Texas, and she is a master of “hillbillying,” the trick of playing up one’s humble origins.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2004 April 30, Lesley Stahl, “Hardball”, in MSNBC",
          "text": "And Kerry doesn’t know how to hillbilly. And it is not a Texas thing, by the way. John F. Kennedy used to hillbilly us. And that meant that he flirted with us. He had a twinkle. Bill Clinton hillbillied us. And Kerry has got to learn how to do that. He has got to dial back and show some relaxed affability.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To emphasize one's rural or humble upbringing; to use unsophisticated charm."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "emphasize",
          "emphasize"
        ],
        [
          "rural",
          "rural"
        ],
        [
          "humble",
          "humble"
        ],
        [
          "upbringing",
          "upbringing"
        ],
        [
          "unsophisticated",
          "unsophisticated"
        ],
        [
          "charm",
          "charm"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2001, The New York Times Biographical Service, Volume 32, page 1540",
          "text": "I think that 20 to 30 years ago nonfundamentalists in America did make a great mistake by typing them, by hillbillying and backwoodsing and holy-rollering them.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, Laurel Snyder, Half/life: Jew-ish Tales from Interfaith Homes, page 25",
          "text": "God damned mother fuckin son of a bitch cock suckin' asshole, who the fuck does he think he is, that dumb ass, half-brained, hillbillied redneck, given me that Jew shit when he's coppin' money and nobody's got the balls to stand up to him and they're gonna let me take the rap?",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2008, Tim Hollis, Ain't That a Knee-Slapper, page 125",
          "text": "The Warner Bros. cartoons, after having hillbillied themselves nearly to death during the 1930s, did not return to the trend during the late 1940s.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To portray or act as an uneducated and unsophisticated fool."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "portray",
          "portray"
        ],
        [
          "act",
          "act"
        ],
        [
          "uneducated",
          "uneducated"
        ],
        [
          "unsophisticated",
          "unsophisticated"
        ],
        [
          "fool",
          "fool"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To perform or experience stereotypically hillbilly-like actions."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "perform",
          "perform"
        ],
        [
          "experience",
          "experience"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈhɪlbɪli/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-hillbilly.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/78/En-us-hillbilly.ogg/En-us-hillbilly.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/En-us-hillbilly.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hillbilly"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.