See hardy in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cold hardy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hale and hardy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "half-hardy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hardihead"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hardihood"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hardily"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hardiness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Hardy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hardy kiwi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hardy perennial"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hardy"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hardy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "hardi",
"4": "",
"5": "hardy, daring, stout, bold"
},
"expansion": "Old French hardi (“hardy, daring, stout, bold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "ardir"
},
"expansion": "Occitan ardir",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ardire"
},
"expansion": "Italian ardire",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to harden, be bold, make bold\"; compare Occitan <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"oc\">ardir</i>, Italian <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"it\">ardire</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to harden, be bold, make bold\"; compare Occitan ardir, Italian ardire)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hardijan"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hardijan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "harti"
},
"expansion": "Old High German harti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "herdich",
"3": "",
"4": "persevering"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German herdich (“persevering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "hærdig"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish hærdig",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "herdig"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian herdig",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "härdig",
"3": "",
"4": "vigorous, courageous"
},
"expansion": "Swedish härdig (“vigorous, courageous”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hardy, hardi, from Old French hardi (“hardy, daring, stout, bold”).\nOld French hardi is usually regarded as the past participle of hardir (\"to harden, be bold, make bold\"; compare Occitan ardir, Italian ardire), from Frankish *hardijan; but it may also have come directly from Frankish *hardi, a secondary form of Frankish *hard (compare Old High German harti, herti, secondary forms of Old High German hart (“hard”)); or even yet from Frankish *hardig (compare Middle Low German herdich (“persevering”), Old Danish hærdig, Norwegian herdig, Swedish härdig (“vigorous, courageous”)).\nCognate with hard. May have at some point also been surface analysed as hard + -y.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hardier",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "hardiest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "hardy (comparative hardier, superlative hardiest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "foolhardy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1824, R. W. Dickson, “Hogs or Swine § Swing-tailed Breed or Sort”, in A Complete System of Improved Live Stock and Cattle Management; […] , volume 2, London, →OCLC, page 287:",
"text": "It is an useful sort of the smaller kind of hogs, that is hardy in its nature and of considerable weight in proportion to its size.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019 November 21, Samanth Subramanian, “How our home delivery habit reshaped the world”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "Even adding 1mm of thickness to the cardboard, to make it hardier, might use up a substantial forest when multiplied across hundreds of billions of boxes.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships."
],
"id": "en-hardy-en-adj-NHtvYZVN",
"links": [
[
"rugged",
"rugged"
],
[
"inured",
"inured"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hearty"
},
{
"word": "robust"
},
{
"word": "rugged"
},
{
"word": "strong"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kalen",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "кален"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izdrǎžliv",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "издръжлив"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "頑強"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wánqiáng",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "顽强"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "cmn",
"english": "cold-proof",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nàihán",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "耐寒"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "otužilý"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "odolný"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "hårdfør"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "modstandsdygtig"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "stovt"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "kylmänkestävä"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "sitkeä"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "robuste"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of a plant",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "rustique"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "abgehärtet"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "widerstandsfähig"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "szívós"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "ellenálló"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "edzett"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "herkinn"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "cróga"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "crógach"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "cróganta"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "cruadhéanta"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "resistente"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"alt": "がんじょうな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ganjō na",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "頑丈な"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"alt": "がんきょうな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gankyō na",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "頑強な"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "çiirg",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "чиирг"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "hoatlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "resistente"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vynóslivyj",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "выно́сливый"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stójkij",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "сто́йкий"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"english": "cold-proof",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "morozoustójčivyj",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "морозоусто́йчивый"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "ru",
"english": "seasoned",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zakaljónnyj",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "закалённый"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "tapaidh"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "fulangach"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"_dis1": "92 5 2 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "resistente"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A hardy plant is one that can withstand the extremes of climate, such as frost.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1880, Arthur Herbert Church, Food: Some Account of Its Sources, Constituents and Uses, London: Chapman and Hall, page 72:",
"text": "The oat is hardier than wheat, and ripens in higher latitudes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, David L. Culp, The Layered Garden: Design Lessons for Year-Round Beauty from Brandywine Cottage, Timber Press, page 503:",
"text": "By watching where the snow melted first, I discovered warmer spots that I knew would be possible locations for late-winter bloomers or borderline hardy plants.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Able to survive adverse growing conditions."
],
"id": "en-hardy-en-adj-UnocqWDq",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Able to survive adverse growing conditions."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hearty"
},
{
"word": "robust"
},
{
"word": "rugged"
},
{
"word": "strong"
}
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 354:",
"text": "But he was not ſo hardy to abide\nThat bitter ſtownd, but turning quicke aſide\nHis light-foot beaſt, fled faſt away for feare:",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Brave and resolute."
],
"id": "en-hardy-en-adj-NoAaDpc5",
"links": [
[
"Brave",
"brave"
],
[
"resolute",
"resolute"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Impudent."
],
"id": "en-hardy-en-adj-ekLIKOgm",
"links": [
[
"Impudent",
"impudent"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑɹdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑːdi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-hardy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/En-us-hardy.ogg/En-us-hardy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/En-us-hardy.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)di"
}
],
"word": "hardy"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hardy"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hardy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "hardi",
"4": "",
"5": "hardy, daring, stout, bold"
},
"expansion": "Old French hardi (“hardy, daring, stout, bold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "ardir"
},
"expansion": "Occitan ardir",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ardire"
},
"expansion": "Italian ardire",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to harden, be bold, make bold\"; compare Occitan <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"oc\">ardir</i>, Italian <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"it\">ardire</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to harden, be bold, make bold\"; compare Occitan ardir, Italian ardire)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hardijan"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hardijan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "harti"
},
"expansion": "Old High German harti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "herdich",
"3": "",
"4": "persevering"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German herdich (“persevering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "hærdig"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish hærdig",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "herdig"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian herdig",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "härdig",
"3": "",
"4": "vigorous, courageous"
},
"expansion": "Swedish härdig (“vigorous, courageous”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hardy, hardi, from Old French hardi (“hardy, daring, stout, bold”).\nOld French hardi is usually regarded as the past participle of hardir (\"to harden, be bold, make bold\"; compare Occitan ardir, Italian ardire), from Frankish *hardijan; but it may also have come directly from Frankish *hardi, a secondary form of Frankish *hard (compare Old High German harti, herti, secondary forms of Old High German hart (“hard”)); or even yet from Frankish *hardig (compare Middle Low German herdich (“persevering”), Old Danish hærdig, Norwegian herdig, Swedish härdig (“vigorous, courageous”)).\nCognate with hard. May have at some point also been surface analysed as hard + -y.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hardies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hardy (plural hardies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009 June 1, David Carr, “Cast Out, but Still Reporting”, in New York Times:",
"text": "Across the country, various bands of journalistic hardies — newsroom pros whose services are no longer salient to a crippled and disrupted information economy — have taken matters into their own hands.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Anything, especially a plant, that is hardy."
],
"id": "en-hardy-en-noun-MHPV3MdF",
"links": [
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) Anything, especially a plant, that is hardy."
],
"tags": [
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 11 4 0 5 48 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "en:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A blacksmith's fuller or chisel, having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in an anvil."
],
"id": "en-hardy-en-noun-rpVndgbG",
"links": [
[
"blacksmith",
"blacksmith"
],
[
"fuller",
"fuller"
],
[
"chisel",
"chisel"
],
[
"square",
"square"
],
[
"shank",
"shank"
],
[
"insertion",
"insertion"
],
[
"anvil",
"anvil"
],
[
"Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary",
"w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909"
],
[
"G. & C. Merriam",
"w:Merriam-Webster"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 12 6 0 0 3 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 10 4 0 2 5 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 11 6 0 1 3 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 10 4 0 1 2 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
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"_dis": "18 14 7 7 2 6 46",
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"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 15 9 6 1 11 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "16 11 7 5 1 5 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
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},
{
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"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
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},
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"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 12 6 0 1 5 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 11 8 3 2 5 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 16 8 6 1 10 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
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{
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{
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"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "17 10 6 0 2 4 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 13 9 7 2 6 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kalmyk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 16 8 2 2 7 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 8 6 0 1 2 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 14 12 6 1 7 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 10 6 0 2 4 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 13 9 7 2 7 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 10 5 0 1 4 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hardy hole"
],
"id": "en-hardy-en-noun-sL3WgoHs",
"links": [
[
"hardy hole",
"hardy hole"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑɹdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑːdi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-hardy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/En-us-hardy.ogg/En-us-hardy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/En-us-hardy.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)di"
}
],
"word": "hardy"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)di",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)di/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kalmyk translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Tools"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cold hardy"
},
{
"word": "hale and hardy"
},
{
"word": "half-hardy"
},
{
"word": "hardihead"
},
{
"word": "hardihood"
},
{
"word": "hardily"
},
{
"word": "hardiness"
},
{
"word": "Hardy"
},
{
"word": "hardy kiwi"
},
{
"word": "hardy perennial"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hardy"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hardy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "hardi",
"4": "",
"5": "hardy, daring, stout, bold"
},
"expansion": "Old French hardi (“hardy, daring, stout, bold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "ardir"
},
"expansion": "Occitan ardir",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ardire"
},
"expansion": "Italian ardire",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to harden, be bold, make bold\"; compare Occitan <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"oc\">ardir</i>, Italian <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"it\">ardire</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to harden, be bold, make bold\"; compare Occitan ardir, Italian ardire)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hardijan"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hardijan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "harti"
},
"expansion": "Old High German harti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "herdich",
"3": "",
"4": "persevering"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German herdich (“persevering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "hærdig"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish hærdig",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "herdig"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian herdig",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "härdig",
"3": "",
"4": "vigorous, courageous"
},
"expansion": "Swedish härdig (“vigorous, courageous”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hardy, hardi, from Old French hardi (“hardy, daring, stout, bold”).\nOld French hardi is usually regarded as the past participle of hardir (\"to harden, be bold, make bold\"; compare Occitan ardir, Italian ardire), from Frankish *hardijan; but it may also have come directly from Frankish *hardi, a secondary form of Frankish *hard (compare Old High German harti, herti, secondary forms of Old High German hart (“hard”)); or even yet from Frankish *hardig (compare Middle Low German herdich (“persevering”), Old Danish hærdig, Norwegian herdig, Swedish härdig (“vigorous, courageous”)).\nCognate with hard. May have at some point also been surface analysed as hard + -y.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hardier",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "hardiest",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "er"
},
"expansion": "hardy (comparative hardier, superlative hardiest)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "foolhardy"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1824, R. W. Dickson, “Hogs or Swine § Swing-tailed Breed or Sort”, in A Complete System of Improved Live Stock and Cattle Management; […] , volume 2, London, →OCLC, page 287:",
"text": "It is an useful sort of the smaller kind of hogs, that is hardy in its nature and of considerable weight in proportion to its size.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019 November 21, Samanth Subramanian, “How our home delivery habit reshaped the world”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "Even adding 1mm of thickness to the cardboard, to make it hardier, might use up a substantial forest when multiplied across hundreds of billions of boxes.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships."
],
"links": [
[
"rugged",
"rugged"
],
[
"inured",
"inured"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hearty"
},
{
"word": "robust"
},
{
"word": "rugged"
},
{
"word": "strong"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Botany"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A hardy plant is one that can withstand the extremes of climate, such as frost.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1880, Arthur Herbert Church, Food: Some Account of Its Sources, Constituents and Uses, London: Chapman and Hall, page 72:",
"text": "The oat is hardier than wheat, and ripens in higher latitudes.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, David L. Culp, The Layered Garden: Design Lessons for Year-Round Beauty from Brandywine Cottage, Timber Press, page 503:",
"text": "By watching where the snow melted first, I discovered warmer spots that I knew would be possible locations for late-winter bloomers or borderline hardy plants.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Able to survive adverse growing conditions."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Able to survive adverse growing conditions."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hearty"
},
{
"word": "robust"
},
{
"word": "rugged"
},
{
"word": "strong"
}
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 354:",
"text": "But he was not ſo hardy to abide\nThat bitter ſtownd, but turning quicke aſide\nHis light-foot beaſt, fled faſt away for feare:",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Brave and resolute."
],
"links": [
[
"Brave",
"brave"
],
[
"resolute",
"resolute"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Impudent."
],
"links": [
[
"Impudent",
"impudent"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑɹdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑːdi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-hardy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/En-us-hardy.ogg/En-us-hardy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/En-us-hardy.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)di"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kalen",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "кален"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izdrǎžliv",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "издръжлив"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "robust"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "頑強"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wánqiáng",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "顽强"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"english": "cold-proof",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nàihán",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "耐寒"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "otužilý"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "odolný"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "hårdfør"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "modstandsdygtig"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "stovt"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "kylmänkestävä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "sitkeä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "robuste"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"note": "of a plant",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "rustique"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "abgehärtet"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "widerstandsfähig"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "szívós"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "ellenálló"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "edzett"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "herkinn"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "cróga"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "crógach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "cróganta"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "cruadhéanta"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "resistente"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"alt": "がんじょうな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "ganjō na",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "頑丈な"
},
{
"alt": "がんきょうな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gankyō na",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "頑強な"
},
{
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "çiirg",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "чиирг"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "hoatlich"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "resistente"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "vynóslivyj",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "выно́сливый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "stójkij",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "сто́йкий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "cold-proof",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "morozoustójčivyj",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "морозоусто́йчивый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"english": "seasoned",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zakaljónnyj",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "закалённый"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "tapaidh"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "fulangach"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "robusto"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "inured to fatigue or hardships",
"word": "resistente"
}
],
"word": "hardy"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Esperanto translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)di",
"Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)di/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kalmyk translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:Tools"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "hardy"
},
"expansion": "Middle English hardy",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "hardi",
"4": "",
"5": "hardy, daring, stout, bold"
},
"expansion": "Old French hardi (“hardy, daring, stout, bold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "ardir"
},
"expansion": "Occitan ardir",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ardire"
},
"expansion": "Italian ardire",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to harden, be bold, make bold\"; compare Occitan <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"oc\">ardir</i>, Italian <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"it\">ardire</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to harden, be bold, make bold\"; compare Occitan ardir, Italian ardire)",
"name": "gloss"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hardijan"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hardijan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "harti"
},
"expansion": "Old High German harti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "herdich",
"3": "",
"4": "persevering"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German herdich (“persevering”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "hærdig"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish hærdig",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "herdig"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian herdig",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "härdig",
"3": "",
"4": "vigorous, courageous"
},
"expansion": "Swedish härdig (“vigorous, courageous”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English hardy, hardi, from Old French hardi (“hardy, daring, stout, bold”).\nOld French hardi is usually regarded as the past participle of hardir (\"to harden, be bold, make bold\"; compare Occitan ardir, Italian ardire), from Frankish *hardijan; but it may also have come directly from Frankish *hardi, a secondary form of Frankish *hard (compare Old High German harti, herti, secondary forms of Old High German hart (“hard”)); or even yet from Frankish *hardig (compare Middle Low German herdich (“persevering”), Old Danish hærdig, Norwegian herdig, Swedish härdig (“vigorous, courageous”)).\nCognate with hard. May have at some point also been surface analysed as hard + -y.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hardies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hardy (plural hardies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009 June 1, David Carr, “Cast Out, but Still Reporting”, in New York Times:",
"text": "Across the country, various bands of journalistic hardies — newsroom pros whose services are no longer salient to a crippled and disrupted information economy — have taken matters into their own hands.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Anything, especially a plant, that is hardy."
],
"links": [
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) Anything, especially a plant, that is hardy."
],
"tags": [
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A blacksmith's fuller or chisel, having a square shank for insertion into a square hole in an anvil."
],
"links": [
[
"blacksmith",
"blacksmith"
],
[
"fuller",
"fuller"
],
[
"chisel",
"chisel"
],
[
"square",
"square"
],
[
"shank",
"shank"
],
[
"insertion",
"insertion"
],
[
"anvil",
"anvil"
],
[
"Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary",
"w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909"
],
[
"G. & C. Merriam",
"w:Merriam-Webster"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hardy hole"
],
"links": [
[
"hardy hole",
"hardy hole"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑɹdi/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɑːdi/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-hardy.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/En-us-hardy.ogg/En-us-hardy.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/En-us-hardy.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑː(ɹ)di"
}
],
"word": "hardy"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hardy meaning in English (16.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.