"fasten" meaning in English

See fasten in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈfɑːsən/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈfɑːsn̩/ [Received-Pronunciation], /ˈfæsən/ [General-American], /ˈfæsn̩/ [General-American] Audio: En-us-fasten.ogg [US] Forms: fastens [present, singular, third-person], fastening [participle, present], fastened [participle, past], fastened [past]
Rhymes: (Received Pronunciation) -ɑːsən, (General American) -æsən Etymology: From Middle English fastenen, from Old English fæstnian, from Proto-West Germanic *fastinōn (“to secure, fasten”). Equivalent to fast + -en. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*peh₂ǵ-}}, {{inh|en|enm|fastenen}} Middle English fastenen, {{inh|en|ang|fæstnian}} Old English fæstnian, {{inh|en|gmw-pro|*fastinōn|t=to secure, fasten}} Proto-West Germanic *fastinōn (“to secure, fasten”), {{af|en|fast|-en|id2=inchoative}} fast + -en Head templates: {{en-verb}} fasten (third-person singular simple present fastens, present participle fastening, simple past and past participle fastened)
  1. (transitive, intransitive) To attach or connect in a secure manner. Tags: intransitive, transitive Translations (to attach or connect in a secure manner): πήγνυμι (pḗgnumi) (Ancient Greek), ἐξάπτω (exáptō) (Ancient Greek), taxmaq (Azerbaijani), свързвам (svǎrzvam) (Bulgarian), закрепвам (zakrepvam) (Bulgarian), 系住 (xìzhù) (Chinese Mandarin), 扣住 (kòuzhù) (Chinese Mandarin), 閂上 (Chinese Mandarin), 闩上 (shuānshàng) (Chinese Mandarin), připoutat (Czech), připevnit (Czech), fastgøre (Danish), fæstne (Danish), sætte fast (Danish), hæfte (Danish), vastmaken (Dutch), kiinnittää (Finnish), attacher (French), fixer (French), amarrar (Galician), trincar (Galician), atar (Galician), დამაგრება (damagreba) (Georgian), მიმაგრება (mimagreba) (Georgian), befestigen (German), festmachen (German), 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽 (gawidan) (Gothic), δένω (déno) (Greek), rögzít (Hungarian), ceangail (Irish), greamaigh (Irish), 締める (shimeru) (alt: しめる) (Japanese), 留める (tomeru) (alt: とめる) (Japanese), butuá (Kabuverdianu), bôtua (Kabuverdianu), nectō (Latin), pangō (Latin), segti (note: with a pin) (Lithuanian), whakatina (Maori), whakangita (Maori), tīpona (english: around the wrist) (Maori), makatiti (note: with a peg, nail, or wedge) (Maori), pine (note: with a pin) (Maori), titi (note: with a peg) (Maori), whakamau (Maori), whakapiri (note: with an adhesive) (Maori), whakarapa (note: with an adhesive) (Maori), whakarawa (note: with a lock or bolt) (Maori), kōtui (note: with a rope) (Maori), tautara (Maori), tāmau (Maori), mātiti (note: with a peg) (Maori), whakananawe (Maori), pona (note: with a line) (Maori), spenne fast (Norwegian), feste (Norwegian Bokmål), feste (Norwegian Nynorsk), باغلامق (bağlamak) (Ottoman Turkish), بستن (bastan) (Persian), zapinać [imperfective] (Polish), zapiąć (note: with buttons) [perfective] (Polish), apertar (Portuguese), atar (Portuguese), firmar (Portuguese), segurar (Portuguese), fixa (Romanian), atașa (Romanian), закрепля́ть (zakrepljátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), крепи́ть (krepítʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), закрепи́ть (zakrepítʹ) [perfective] (Russian), привя́зывать (privjázyvatʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), привяза́ть (privjazátʹ) [perfective] (Russian), atar (Spanish), abrochar (Spanish), fästa (Swedish), sätta fast (Swedish), spänna fast (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-fasten-en-verb-pbKnuZCs Disambiguation of 'to attach or connect in a secure manner': 98 2
  2. To cause to take close effect; to make to tell; to land.
    Sense id: en-fasten-en-verb-vz3h9WZk Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup, English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative) Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 43 57 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 8 92 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative): 16 84
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for fasten meaning in English (14.6kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "bedfast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "breastfast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "colorfast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "copperfasten"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "cragfast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fasten down"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fastening"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fasten up"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "handfast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "headfast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "holdfast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "makefast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "shamefast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sitfast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "soothfast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "steadfast"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "unfasten"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peh₂ǵ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "fastenen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English fastenen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "fæstnian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English fæstnian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*fastinōn",
        "t": "to secure, fasten"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fastinōn (“to secure, fasten”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fast",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "inchoative"
      },
      "expansion": "fast + -en",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English fastenen, from Old English fæstnian, from Proto-West Germanic *fastinōn (“to secure, fasten”). Equivalent to fast + -en.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "fastens",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastening",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastened",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastened",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "fasten (third-person singular simple present fastens, present participle fastening, simple past and past participle fastened)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The sailor fastened the boat to the dock with a half-hitch.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Fasten your seat belts!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Can you fasten these boards together with some nails?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "May 31, 1711, Jonathan Swift, The Examiner No. 43",
          "text": "The words Whig and Tory have been pressed to the service of many successions of parties, with very different ideas fastened to them."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To attach or connect in a secure manner."
      ],
      "id": "en-fasten-en-verb-pbKnuZCs",
      "links": [
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive"
        ],
        [
          "attach",
          "attach"
        ],
        [
          "connect",
          "connect"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, intransitive) To attach or connect in a secure manner."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "taxmaq"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "svǎrzvam",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "свързвам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "zakrepvam",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "закрепвам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "xìzhù",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "系住"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "kòuzhù",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "扣住"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "閂上"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "shuānshàng",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "闩上"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "připoutat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "připevnit"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "fastgøre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "fæstne"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "sætte fast"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "hæfte"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "vastmaken"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "kiinnittää"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "attacher"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "fixer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "amarrar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "trincar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "atar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "damagreba",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "დამაგრება"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "mimagreba",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "მიმაგრება"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "befestigen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "festmachen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "got",
          "lang": "Gothic",
          "roman": "gawidan",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "déno",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "δένω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "pḗgnumi",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "πήγνυμι"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "exáptō",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "ἐξάπτω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "rögzít"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "ceangail"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "greamaigh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "alt": "しめる",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "shimeru",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "締める"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "alt": "とめる",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "tomeru",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "留める"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "kea",
          "lang": "Kabuverdianu",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "butuá"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "kea",
          "lang": "Kabuverdianu",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "bôtua"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "nectō"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "pangō"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "lt",
          "lang": "Lithuanian",
          "note": "with a pin",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "segti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "whakatina"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "whakangita"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "english": "around the wrist",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "tīpona"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "note": "with a peg, nail, or wedge",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "makatiti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "note": "with a pin",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "pine"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "note": "with a peg",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "titi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "whakamau"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "note": "with an adhesive",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "whakapiri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "note": "with an adhesive",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "whakarapa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "note": "with a lock or bolt",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "whakarawa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "note": "with a rope",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "kōtui"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "tautara"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "tāmau"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "note": "with a peg",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "mātiti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "whakananawe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "note": "with a line",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "pona"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "spenne fast"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "feste"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nn",
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "feste"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ota",
          "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
          "roman": "bağlamak",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "باغلامق"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "bastan",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "بستن"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "zapinać"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "note": "with buttons",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "zapiąć"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "apertar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "atar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "firmar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "segurar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "fixa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "atașa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zakrepljátʹ",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "закрепля́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "krepítʹ",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "крепи́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zakrepítʹ",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "закрепи́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "privjázyvatʹ",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "привя́зывать"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "privjazátʹ",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "привяза́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "atar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "abrochar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "fästa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "sätta fast"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
          "word": "spänna fast"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "43 57",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 92",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 84",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to fasten a blow",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause to take close effect; to make to tell; to land."
      ],
      "id": "en-fasten-en-verb-vz3h9WZk",
      "links": [
        [
          "tell",
          "tell"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɑːsən/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɑːsn̩/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfæsən/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfæsn̩/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(Received Pronunciation) -ɑːsən"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(General American) -æsən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-fasten.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/En-us-fasten.ogg/En-us-fasten.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/En-us-fasten.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fasten"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English ergative verbs",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peh₂ǵ-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/æsən",
    "Rhymes:English/æsən/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːsən",
    "Rhymes:English/ɑːsən/2 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "bedfast"
    },
    {
      "word": "breastfast"
    },
    {
      "word": "colorfast"
    },
    {
      "word": "copperfasten"
    },
    {
      "word": "cragfast"
    },
    {
      "word": "fast"
    },
    {
      "word": "fasten down"
    },
    {
      "word": "fastening"
    },
    {
      "word": "fasten up"
    },
    {
      "word": "handfast"
    },
    {
      "word": "headfast"
    },
    {
      "word": "holdfast"
    },
    {
      "word": "makefast"
    },
    {
      "word": "shamefast"
    },
    {
      "word": "sitfast"
    },
    {
      "word": "soothfast"
    },
    {
      "word": "steadfast"
    },
    {
      "word": "unfasten"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peh₂ǵ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "fastenen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English fastenen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "fæstnian"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English fæstnian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*fastinōn",
        "t": "to secure, fasten"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *fastinōn (“to secure, fasten”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fast",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "inchoative"
      },
      "expansion": "fast + -en",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English fastenen, from Old English fæstnian, from Proto-West Germanic *fastinōn (“to secure, fasten”). Equivalent to fast + -en.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "fastens",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastening",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastened",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fastened",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "fasten (third-person singular simple present fastens, present participle fastening, simple past and past participle fastened)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The sailor fastened the boat to the dock with a half-hitch.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Fasten your seat belts!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Can you fasten these boards together with some nails?",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "May 31, 1711, Jonathan Swift, The Examiner No. 43",
          "text": "The words Whig and Tory have been pressed to the service of many successions of parties, with very different ideas fastened to them."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To attach or connect in a secure manner."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "transitive",
          "transitive"
        ],
        [
          "intransitive",
          "intransitive"
        ],
        [
          "attach",
          "attach"
        ],
        [
          "connect",
          "connect"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, intransitive) To attach or connect in a secure manner."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "to fasten a blow",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To cause to take close effect; to make to tell; to land."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tell",
          "tell"
        ],
        [
          "land",
          "land"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɑːsən/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfɑːsn̩/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfæsən/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈfæsn̩/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(Received Pronunciation) -ɑːsən"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "(General American) -æsən"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-fasten.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/En-us-fasten.ogg/En-us-fasten.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/En-us-fasten.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "taxmaq"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "svǎrzvam",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "свързвам"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "zakrepvam",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "закрепвам"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "xìzhù",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "系住"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "kòuzhù",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "扣住"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "閂上"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "shuānshàng",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "闩上"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "připoutat"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "připevnit"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "fastgøre"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "fæstne"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "sætte fast"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "hæfte"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "vastmaken"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "kiinnittää"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "attacher"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "fixer"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "amarrar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "trincar"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "atar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "damagreba",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "დამაგრება"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "mimagreba",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "მიმაგრება"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "befestigen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "festmachen"
    },
    {
      "code": "got",
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "roman": "gawidan",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "déno",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "δένω"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "pḗgnumi",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "πήγνυμι"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "exáptō",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "ἐξάπτω"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "rögzít"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "ceangail"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "greamaigh"
    },
    {
      "alt": "しめる",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "shimeru",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "締める"
    },
    {
      "alt": "とめる",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "tomeru",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "留める"
    },
    {
      "code": "kea",
      "lang": "Kabuverdianu",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "butuá"
    },
    {
      "code": "kea",
      "lang": "Kabuverdianu",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "bôtua"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "nectō"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "pangō"
    },
    {
      "code": "lt",
      "lang": "Lithuanian",
      "note": "with a pin",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "segti"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "whakatina"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "whakangita"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "english": "around the wrist",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "tīpona"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "note": "with a peg, nail, or wedge",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "makatiti"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "note": "with a pin",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "pine"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "note": "with a peg",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "titi"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "whakamau"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "note": "with an adhesive",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "whakapiri"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "note": "with an adhesive",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "whakarapa"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "note": "with a lock or bolt",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "whakarawa"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "note": "with a rope",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "kōtui"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "tautara"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "tāmau"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "note": "with a peg",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "mātiti"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "whakananawe"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "note": "with a line",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "pona"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "spenne fast"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "feste"
    },
    {
      "code": "nn",
      "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "feste"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "bağlamak",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "باغلامق"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "bastan",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "بستن"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "zapinać"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "note": "with buttons",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zapiąć"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "apertar"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "atar"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "firmar"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "segurar"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "fixa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "atașa"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zakrepljátʹ",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "закрепля́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "krepítʹ",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "крепи́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zakrepítʹ",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "закрепи́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "privjázyvatʹ",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "привя́зывать"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "privjazátʹ",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "привяза́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "atar"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "abrochar"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "fästa"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "sätta fast"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to attach or connect in a secure manner",
      "word": "spänna fast"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fasten"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.