"assume" meaning in English

See assume in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /əˈsjuːm/ [UK], /əˈsum/ [Canada, US], /əˈʃuːm/ (note: yod coalescence), /əˈzuːm/ [Nigeria] Audio: en-uk-assume.ogg [UK], en-us-assume.ogg [US] Forms: assumes [present, singular, third-person], assuming [participle, present], assumed [participle, past], assumed [past]
Rhymes: -uːm Etymology: From Latin assūmō (“accept, take”), from ad- (“to, towards, at”) + sūmō (“take up, assume”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*h₁em-}}, {{der|en|la|assūmō|t=accept, take}} Latin assūmō (“accept, take”), {{m|la|ad-|t=to, towards, at}} ad- (“to, towards, at”), {{m|la|sūmō|t=take up, assume}} sūmō (“take up, assume”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} assume (third-person singular simple present assumes, present participle assuming, simple past and past participle assumed)
  1. To authenticate by means of belief; to surmise; to suppose to be true, especially without proof Translations (to suppose to be true): اِفْتَرَضَ (iftaraḍa) (Arabic), ենթադրել (entʿadrel) (Armenian), прыпуска́ць (prypuskácʹ) [imperfective] (Belarusian), прыпусці́ць (prypuscícʹ) [perfective] (Belarusian), дапуска́ць (dapuskácʹ) [imperfective] (Belarusian), дапушча́ць (dapuščácʹ) [imperfective] (Belarusian), дапусці́ць (dapuscícʹ) [perfective] (Belarusian), меркава́ць (mjerkavácʹ) [imperfective] (Belarusian), অনুমান (onuman) (Bengali), предпола́гам (predpolágam) [imperfective] (Bulgarian), предполо́жа (predpolóža) [perfective] (Bulgarian), допуска́м (dopuskám) [imperfective] (Bulgarian), допу́сна (dopúsna) [perfective] (Bulgarian), suposar (Catalan), 假定 (jiǎdìng) (Chinese Mandarin), předpokládat [imperfective] (Czech), domnívat se [imperfective] (Czech), antage (Danish), formode (Danish), aannemen (Dutch), veronderstellen (Dutch), supozi (Esperanto), halda (Faroese), olettaa (Finnish), supposer (French), présupposer (French), présumer (French), supor (Galician), annehmen (German), voraussetzen (German), vermuten (German), unterstellen (German), 𐌰𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 (ahjan) (Gothic), לְהָנִיחַ (Hebrew), feltételez (Hungarian), feltesz (Hungarian), presupporre (Italian), ritenere (Italian), 仮定する (katei suru) (alt: かていする) (Japanese), សន្មត (sɑɑsɑnmɔɔt) (Khmer), 가정하다 (gajeonghada) (Korean), spero (Latin), adscisco (Latin), pono (Latin), sumo (Latin), ascisco (Latin), adsumo (Latin), praesumo (Latin), insumo (Latin), претпоставува (pretpostavuva) [imperfective] (Macedonian), претпостави (pretpostavi) [perfective] (Macedonian), anta (Norwegian Bokmål), formode (Norwegian Bokmål), فرض کردن (farz kardan) (Persian), حدس زدن (english: hads zadan) (Persian), przypuszczać [imperfective] (Polish), przypuścić [perfective] (Polish), dopuszczać [imperfective] (Polish), dopuścić [perfective] (Polish), supor (Portuguese), pressupor (Portuguese), presumir (Portuguese), presupune (Romanian), prepune (Romanian), предполага́ть (predpolagátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), предположи́ть (predpoložítʹ) [perfective] (Russian), допуска́ть (dopuskátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), допусти́ть (dopustítʹ) [perfective] (Russian), претпо̀стављати [Cyrillic, imperfective] (Serbo-Croatian), претпо̀ставити [Cyrillic, perfective] (Serbo-Croatian), pretpòstavljati [Roman, imperfective] (Serbo-Croatian), pretpòstaviti [Roman, perfective] (Serbo-Croatian), predpokladať [imperfective] (Slovak), domnievať sa [imperfective] (Slovak), domnevati [imperfective] (Slovene), suponer (Spanish), dar por sentado (Spanish), anta (Swedish), припуска́ти (prypuskáty) (Ukrainian), припусти́ти (prypustýty) [perfective] (Ukrainian), допуска́ти (dopuskáty) [imperfective] (Ukrainian), допусти́ти (dopustýty) [perfective] (Ukrainian), فرض کرنا (farẓ karnā) (Urdu), cho rằng (Vietnamese), ferz kerden (Zazaki)
    Sense id: en-assume-en-verb-wJct~TA3 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with language name categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 51 11 28 5 5 Disambiguation of English entries with language name categories using raw markup: 49 6 34 5 7 Disambiguation of 'to suppose to be true': 89 2 5 1 2
  2. To take on a position, duty or form Translations (take on a position): пое́мам (poémam) [imperfective] (Bulgarian), зае́мам (zaémam) [imperfective] (Bulgarian), assumir (Catalan), 擔任 (Chinese Mandarin), 担任 (dānrèn) (Chinese Mandarin), 承接 (chéngjiē) (Chinese Mandarin), zaujmout (Czech), innemen (Dutch), aannemen (Dutch), alpreni (Esperanto), ottaa (Finnish), omaksua (Finnish), assumer (French), asumir (Galician), annehmen (German), aufnehmen (German), einnehmen (German), übernehmen (German), assumere (Italian), 負う (ou) (alt: おう) (Japanese), 引き受ける (hikiukeru) (alt: ひきうける) (Japanese), whakatupu (Maori), assumir (Portuguese), занима́ть (zanimátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), заня́ть (zanjátʹ) [perfective] (Russian), asumir (Spanish), займа́ти (zajmáty) [imperfective] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-assume-en-verb-ZjsbGAqS Disambiguation of 'take on a position': 1 86 3 4 6
  3. To adopt a feigned quality or manner; to claim without right; to arrogate
    Sense id: en-assume-en-verb-NaKw6jzY
  4. To receive, adopt (a person)
    Sense id: en-assume-en-verb-Fyb4RyRa
  5. To adopt (an idea or cause) Translations (adopt an idea): uste izan (Basque), adoptar (Catalan), 採納 (Chinese Mandarin), 采纳 (cǎinà) (Chinese Mandarin), 接受 (jiēshòu) (Chinese Mandarin), nabrat (Czech), aannemen (Dutch), akcepti (Esperanto), alpreni (Esperanto), omaksua (Finnish), adopter (French), prendre (French), annehmen (German), asciscō (Latin), принима́ть (prinimátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), приня́ть (prinjátʹ) [perfective] (Russian), asumir (Spanish), прийма́ти (pryjmáty) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-assume-en-verb-wFwbqJ-i Disambiguation of 'adopt an idea': 3 6 14 18 59
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: assume room temperature, assume the mantle, assume the position, just assume, when you assume, you make an ass out of you and me Related terms: assuming, assumption, assumptive

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for assume meaning in English (22.3kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "assume room temperature"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "assume the mantle"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "assume the position"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "just assume"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "when you assume, you make an ass out of you and me"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁em-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "assūmō",
        "t": "accept, take"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin assūmō (“accept, take”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ad-",
        "t": "to, towards, at"
      },
      "expansion": "ad- (“to, towards, at”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "sūmō",
        "t": "take up, assume"
      },
      "expansion": "sūmō (“take up, assume”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin assūmō (“accept, take”), from ad- (“to, towards, at”) + sūmō (“take up, assume”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "assumes",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "assuming",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "assumed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "assumed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "assume (third-person singular simple present assumes, present participle assuming, simple past and past participle assumed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "assuming"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "assumption"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "assumptive"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "51 11 28 5 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 6 34 5 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "We assume that, as her parents were dentists, she knows quite a bit about dentistry.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013 June 14, Jonathan Freedland, “Obama's once hip brand is now tainted”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 18",
          "text": "Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet. Perhaps we assume that our name, address and search preferences will be viewed by some unseen pair of corporate eyes, probably not human, and don't mind that much.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To authenticate by means of belief; to surmise; to suppose to be true, especially without proof"
      ],
      "id": "en-assume-en-verb-wJct~TA3",
      "links": [
        [
          "authenticate",
          "authenticate"
        ],
        [
          "belief",
          "belief"
        ],
        [
          "surmise",
          "surmise"
        ],
        [
          "suppose",
          "suppose"
        ],
        [
          "true",
          "true"
        ],
        [
          "proof",
          "proof"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "iftaraḍa",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "اِفْتَرَضَ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "entʿadrel",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "ենթադրել"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "prypuskácʹ",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "прыпуска́ць"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "prypuscícʹ",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "прыпусці́ць"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "dapuskácʹ",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "дапуска́ць"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "dapuščácʹ",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "дапушча́ць"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "dapuscícʹ",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "дапусці́ць"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "mjerkavácʹ",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "меркава́ць"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "onuman",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "অনুমান"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "predpolágam",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "предпола́гам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "predpolóža",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "предполо́жа"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "dopuskám",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "допуска́м"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "dopúsna",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "допу́сна"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "suposar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jiǎdìng",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "假定"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "předpokládat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "domnívat se"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "antage"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "formode"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "aannemen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "veronderstellen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "supozi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "halda"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "olettaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "supposer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "présupposer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "présumer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "supor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "annehmen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "voraussetzen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "vermuten"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "unterstellen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "got",
          "lang": "Gothic",
          "roman": "ahjan",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "𐌰𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "לְהָנִיחַ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "feltételez"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "feltesz"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "presupporre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "ritenere"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "alt": "かていする",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "katei suru",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "仮定する"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "km",
          "lang": "Khmer",
          "roman": "sɑɑsɑnmɔɔt",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "សន្មត"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "gajeonghada",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "가정하다"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "spero"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "adscisco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "pono"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "sumo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "ascisco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "adsumo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "praesumo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "insumo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "pretpostavuva",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "претпоставува"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "pretpostavi",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "претпостави"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "anta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "formode"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "farz kardan",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "فرض کردن"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "fa",
          "english": "hads zadan",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "حدس زدن"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "przypuszczać"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "przypuścić"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "dopuszczać"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "dopuścić"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "supor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "pressupor"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "presumir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "presupune"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "prepune"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "predpolagátʹ",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "предполага́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "predpoložítʹ",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "предположи́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "dopuskátʹ",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "допуска́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "dopustítʹ",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "допусти́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "претпо̀стављати"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic",
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "претпо̀ставити"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "pretpòstavljati"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "Roman",
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "pretpòstaviti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "predpokladať"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "domnievať sa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "domnevati"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "suponer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "dar por sentado"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "anta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "prypuskáty",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "припуска́ти"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "prypustýty",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "припусти́ти"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "dopuskáty",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "допуска́ти"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "dopustýty",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "допусти́ти"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "ur",
          "lang": "Urdu",
          "roman": "farẓ karnā",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "فرض کرنا"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "vi",
          "lang": "Vietnamese",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "cho rằng"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "89 2 5 1 2",
          "code": "zza",
          "lang": "Zazaki",
          "sense": "to suppose to be true",
          "word": "ferz kerden"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Mr. Jones will assume the position of a lifeguard until a proper replacement is found.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, page 96",
          "text": "His unruly hair was slicked down with water, and as Jessamy introduced him to Miss Brindle his face assumed a cherubic innocence which would immediately have aroused the suspicions of anyone who knew him.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012 August 5, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “I Love Lisa” (season 4, episode 15; originally aired 02/11/1993)”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)",
          "text": "So while Ralph generally seems to inhabit a different, more glorious and joyful universe than everyone else here his yearning and heartbreak are eminently relateable. Ralph sometimes appears to be a magically demented sprite who has assumed the form of a boy, but he’s never been more poignantly, nakedly, movingly human than he is here.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To take on a position, duty or form"
      ],
      "id": "en-assume-en-verb-ZjsbGAqS",
      "links": [
        [
          "take on",
          "take on"
        ],
        [
          "position",
          "position"
        ],
        [
          "duty",
          "duty"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "poémam",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "пое́мам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "zaémam",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "зае́мам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "assumir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "擔任"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "dānrèn",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "担任"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "chéngjiē",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "承接"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "zaujmout"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "innemen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "aannemen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "alpreni"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "ottaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "omaksua"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "assumer"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "asumir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "annehmen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "aufnehmen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "einnehmen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "übernehmen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "assumere"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "alt": "おう",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "ou",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "負う"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "alt": "ひきうける",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "hikiukeru",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "引き受ける"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "whakatupu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "assumir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zanimátʹ",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "занима́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zanjátʹ",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "заня́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "word": "asumir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 86 3 4 6",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "zajmáty",
          "sense": "take on a position",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "займа́ти"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He assumed an air of indifference",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "a. 1809,Beilby Porteus, sermon\nambition assuming the mask of religion."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To adopt a feigned quality or manner; to claim without right; to arrogate"
      ],
      "id": "en-assume-en-verb-NaKw6jzY",
      "links": [
        [
          "feigned",
          "feigned"
        ],
        [
          "manner",
          "manner"
        ],
        [
          "arrogate",
          "arrogate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To receive, adopt (a person)"
      ],
      "id": "en-assume-en-verb-Fyb4RyRa",
      "links": [
        [
          "receive",
          "receive"
        ],
        [
          "adopt",
          "adopt"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To adopt (an idea or cause)"
      ],
      "id": "en-assume-en-verb-wFwbqJ-i",
      "links": [
        [
          "adopt",
          "adopt"
        ],
        [
          "idea",
          "idea"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 6 14 18 59",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "adopt an idea",
          "word": "uste izan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 6 14 18 59",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "adopt an idea",
          "word": "adoptar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 6 14 18 59",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "adopt an idea",
          "word": "採納"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 6 14 18 59",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "cǎinà",
          "sense": "adopt an idea",
          "word": "采纳"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 6 14 18 59",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jiēshòu",
          "sense": "adopt an idea",
          "word": "接受"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 6 14 18 59",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "adopt an idea",
          "word": "nabrat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 6 14 18 59",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "adopt an idea",
          "word": "aannemen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 6 14 18 59",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "adopt an idea",
          "word": "akcepti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 6 14 18 59",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "adopt an idea",
          "word": "alpreni"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 6 14 18 59",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "adopt an idea",
          "word": "omaksua"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 6 14 18 59",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "adopt an idea",
          "word": "adopter"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 6 14 18 59",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "adopt an idea",
          "word": "prendre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 6 14 18 59",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "adopt an idea",
          "word": "annehmen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 6 14 18 59",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "adopt an idea",
          "word": "asciscō"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 6 14 18 59",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "prinimátʹ",
          "sense": "adopt an idea",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "принима́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 6 14 18 59",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "prinjátʹ",
          "sense": "adopt an idea",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "приня́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 6 14 18 59",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "adopt an idea",
          "word": "asumir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "3 6 14 18 59",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "pryjmáty",
          "sense": "adopt an idea",
          "word": "прийма́ти"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈsjuːm/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈsum/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈʃuːm/",
      "note": "yod coalescence"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈzuːm/",
      "tags": [
        "Nigeria"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːm"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-assume.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/En-uk-assume.ogg/En-uk-assume.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/En-uk-assume.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-assume.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/En-us-assume.ogg/En-us-assume.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/En-us-assume.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "assume"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English raising verbs",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁em-",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English transitive verbs",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/uːm",
    "Rhymes:English/uːm/2 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "assume room temperature"
    },
    {
      "word": "assume the mantle"
    },
    {
      "word": "assume the position"
    },
    {
      "word": "just assume"
    },
    {
      "word": "when you assume, you make an ass out of you and me"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₁em-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "assūmō",
        "t": "accept, take"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin assūmō (“accept, take”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ad-",
        "t": "to, towards, at"
      },
      "expansion": "ad- (“to, towards, at”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "sūmō",
        "t": "take up, assume"
      },
      "expansion": "sūmō (“take up, assume”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin assūmō (“accept, take”), from ad- (“to, towards, at”) + sūmō (“take up, assume”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "assumes",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "assuming",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "assumed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "assumed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "assume (third-person singular simple present assumes, present participle assuming, simple past and past participle assumed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "assuming"
    },
    {
      "word": "assumption"
    },
    {
      "word": "assumptive"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "We assume that, as her parents were dentists, she knows quite a bit about dentistry.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2013 June 14, Jonathan Freedland, “Obama's once hip brand is now tainted”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 18",
          "text": "Where we once sent love letters in a sealed envelope, or stuck photographs of our children in a family album, now such private material is despatched to servers and clouds operated by people we don't know and will never meet. Perhaps we assume that our name, address and search preferences will be viewed by some unseen pair of corporate eyes, probably not human, and don't mind that much.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To authenticate by means of belief; to surmise; to suppose to be true, especially without proof"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "authenticate",
          "authenticate"
        ],
        [
          "belief",
          "belief"
        ],
        [
          "surmise",
          "surmise"
        ],
        [
          "suppose",
          "suppose"
        ],
        [
          "true",
          "true"
        ],
        [
          "proof",
          "proof"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Mr. Jones will assume the position of a lifeguard until a proper replacement is found.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, published 1993, page 96",
          "text": "His unruly hair was slicked down with water, and as Jessamy introduced him to Miss Brindle his face assumed a cherubic innocence which would immediately have aroused the suspicions of anyone who knew him.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2012 August 5, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “I Love Lisa” (season 4, episode 15; originally aired 02/11/1993)”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)",
          "text": "So while Ralph generally seems to inhabit a different, more glorious and joyful universe than everyone else here his yearning and heartbreak are eminently relateable. Ralph sometimes appears to be a magically demented sprite who has assumed the form of a boy, but he’s never been more poignantly, nakedly, movingly human than he is here.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To take on a position, duty or form"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "take on",
          "take on"
        ],
        [
          "position",
          "position"
        ],
        [
          "duty",
          "duty"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He assumed an air of indifference",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "a. 1809,Beilby Porteus, sermon\nambition assuming the mask of religion."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To adopt a feigned quality or manner; to claim without right; to arrogate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "feigned",
          "feigned"
        ],
        [
          "manner",
          "manner"
        ],
        [
          "arrogate",
          "arrogate"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To receive, adopt (a person)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "receive",
          "receive"
        ],
        [
          "adopt",
          "adopt"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "To adopt (an idea or cause)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "adopt",
          "adopt"
        ],
        [
          "idea",
          "idea"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈsjuːm/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈsum/",
      "tags": [
        "Canada",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈʃuːm/",
      "note": "yod coalescence"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/əˈzuːm/",
      "tags": [
        "Nigeria"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːm"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-uk-assume.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/En-uk-assume.ogg/En-uk-assume.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/En-uk-assume.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-assume.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/En-us-assume.ogg/En-us-assume.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/En-us-assume.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "iftaraḍa",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "اِفْتَرَضَ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "entʿadrel",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "ենթադրել"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "prypuskácʹ",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "прыпуска́ць"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "prypuscícʹ",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "прыпусці́ць"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "dapuskácʹ",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "дапуска́ць"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "dapuščácʹ",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "дапушча́ць"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "dapuscícʹ",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "дапусці́ць"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "mjerkavácʹ",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "меркава́ць"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "onuman",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "অনুমান"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "predpolágam",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "предпола́гам"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "predpolóža",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "предполо́жа"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "dopuskám",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "допуска́м"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "dopúsna",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "допу́сна"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "suposar"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jiǎdìng",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "假定"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "předpokládat"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "domnívat se"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "antage"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "formode"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "aannemen"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "veronderstellen"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "supozi"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "halda"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "olettaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "supposer"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "présupposer"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "présumer"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "supor"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "annehmen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "voraussetzen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "vermuten"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "unterstellen"
    },
    {
      "code": "got",
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "roman": "ahjan",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "𐌰𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "לְהָנִיחַ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "feltételez"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "feltesz"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "presupporre"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "ritenere"
    },
    {
      "alt": "かていする",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "katei suru",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "仮定する"
    },
    {
      "code": "km",
      "lang": "Khmer",
      "roman": "sɑɑsɑnmɔɔt",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "សន្មត"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "gajeonghada",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "가정하다"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "spero"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "adscisco"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "pono"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "sumo"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "ascisco"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "adsumo"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "praesumo"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "insumo"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "pretpostavuva",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "претпоставува"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "pretpostavi",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "претпостави"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "anta"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "formode"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "farz kardan",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "فرض کردن"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "english": "hads zadan",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "حدس زدن"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "przypuszczać"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "przypuścić"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "dopuszczać"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "dopuścić"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "supor"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "pressupor"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "presumir"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "presupune"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "prepune"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "predpolagátʹ",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "предполага́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "predpoložítʹ",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "предположи́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "dopuskátʹ",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "допуска́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "dopustítʹ",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "допусти́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "претпо̀стављати"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "претпо̀ставити"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "pretpòstavljati"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "pretpòstaviti"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "predpokladať"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "domnievať sa"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "domnevati"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "suponer"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "dar por sentado"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "anta"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "prypuskáty",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "припуска́ти"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "prypustýty",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "припусти́ти"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "dopuskáty",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "допуска́ти"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "dopustýty",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "допусти́ти"
    },
    {
      "code": "ur",
      "lang": "Urdu",
      "roman": "farẓ karnā",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "فرض کرنا"
    },
    {
      "code": "vi",
      "lang": "Vietnamese",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "cho rằng"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "to suppose to be true",
      "word": "ferz kerden"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "poémam",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "пое́мам"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "zaémam",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "зае́мам"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "assumir"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "擔任"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "dānrèn",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "担任"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "chéngjiē",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "承接"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "zaujmout"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "innemen"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "aannemen"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "alpreni"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "ottaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "omaksua"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "assumer"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "asumir"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "annehmen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "aufnehmen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "einnehmen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "übernehmen"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "assumere"
    },
    {
      "alt": "おう",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "ou",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "負う"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ひきうける",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "hikiukeru",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "引き受ける"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "whakatupu"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "assumir"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zanimátʹ",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "занима́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zanjátʹ",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "заня́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "word": "asumir"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "zajmáty",
      "sense": "take on a position",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "займа́ти"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "adopt an idea",
      "word": "uste izan"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "adopt an idea",
      "word": "adoptar"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "adopt an idea",
      "word": "採納"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "cǎinà",
      "sense": "adopt an idea",
      "word": "采纳"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jiēshòu",
      "sense": "adopt an idea",
      "word": "接受"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "adopt an idea",
      "word": "nabrat"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "adopt an idea",
      "word": "aannemen"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "adopt an idea",
      "word": "akcepti"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "adopt an idea",
      "word": "alpreni"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "adopt an idea",
      "word": "omaksua"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "adopt an idea",
      "word": "adopter"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "adopt an idea",
      "word": "prendre"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "adopt an idea",
      "word": "annehmen"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "adopt an idea",
      "word": "asciscō"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "prinimátʹ",
      "sense": "adopt an idea",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "принима́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "prinjátʹ",
      "sense": "adopt an idea",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "приня́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "adopt an idea",
      "word": "asumir"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "pryjmáty",
      "sense": "adopt an idea",
      "word": "прийма́ти"
    }
  ],
  "word": "assume"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.