See artificial in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "unnatural",
"tags": [
"natural"
],
"word": "antonym(s) of"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial abortion"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial anus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial art"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial bee colony"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial consciousness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial dumbness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial element"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial florist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial general intelligence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial grammar learning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial horizon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial ice"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial idiocy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial immune system"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial incompetence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial insemination"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial intelligence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificialism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificialist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificiality"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificialization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificialize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial kidney"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial language"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial life"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificially"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificialness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial person"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial respiration"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial rice"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial scarcity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial script"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial selection"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial stupidity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial superintelligence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial sweetener"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial tear"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial tear drop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial turf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificial unintelligence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artilect"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bioartificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "inartificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nonartificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "overartificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "semiartificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "unartificial"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "artiffisial",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: artiffisial",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: artiffisial"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂er-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "artificial",
"4": "",
"5": "man-made"
},
"expansion": "Middle English artificial (“man-made”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "artificiel"
},
"expansion": "French artificiel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "artificiālis"
},
"expansion": "Latin artificiālis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cræftlīċ"
},
"expansion": "Old English cræftlīċ",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English artificial (“man-made”) via Old French (modern French artificiel), from Latin artificiālis from artificium (“skill”), from artifex, from ars (“skill”), and -fex, from facere (“to make”). Displaced native Old English cræftlīċ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more artificial",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most artificial",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "artificial (comparative more artificial, superlative most artificial)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artifact"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artifice"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fake"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 7 42 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 3 45 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 8 36 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 5 37 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 1 39 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 3 39 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 5 39 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 5 38 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The flowers were artificial, and he thought them rather tacky.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):",
"text": "An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine. But they are nothing like as efficient, and can cause bleeding, clotting and infection—not to mention inconvenience for patients, who typically need to be hooked up to one three times a week for hours at a time.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Man-made; made by humans; of artifice."
],
"id": "en-artificial-en-adj-lYd1-o8L",
"links": [
[
"Man-made",
"man-made"
],
[
"artifice",
"artifice"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mutaṣannaʕ",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "مُتَصَنَّع"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣināʕiyy",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "صِنَاعِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "arhestakan",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "արհեստական"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "süni"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artifizial"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "štúčny",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "шту́чны"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "kritrim",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "কৃত্রিম"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izkústven",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "изку́ствен"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "rénzào de",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "人造的"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "umělý"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "kunstig"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificiel"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificieel"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "kunstmatig"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artefarita"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "arta"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "kunstlik"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "tehislik"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "keinotekoinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "man-made",
"tags": [
"in-compounds"
],
"word": "teko-"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "man-made",
"tags": [
"in-compounds"
],
"word": "keino-"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificiel"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "künstlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "technitós",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "τεχνητός"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kheiropoíētos",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "χειροποίητος"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "m'lakhutí",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "מְלָאכוּתִי"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kŕtrim",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "कृत्रिम"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "mesterséges"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificala"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "tacair"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "saorga"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificiale"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificioso"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "man-made",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "artefatto"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"alt": "じんこうの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jinkō no",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "人工の"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "kpv",
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"roman": "löśödöm",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "лӧсьӧдӧм"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"alt": "人工",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "in'gong",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "인공"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"alt": "人造",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "injo",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "인조"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "destkar"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "dirbtinis"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "veštački",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "вештачки"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kr̥trimaṁ",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "കൃത്രിമം"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "krutrim",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "कृत्रिम"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xiimel",
"sense": "man-made",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "хиймэл"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "nci",
"lang": "Nahuatl",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "tlachihualli"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "nci",
"lang": "Nahuatl",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "tlacachihualli"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificiel"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "kunstig"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "cræftlīċ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sâxtagi",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "ساختگی"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "masnu'i",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "مصنوعی"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "sztuczny"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "man-made",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "artyficjalny"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "baṇāuṭī",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "ਬਣਾਉਟੀ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iskússtvennyj",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "иску́сственный"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "kṛtrima",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "कृत्रिम"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "kalpita",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "कल्पित"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "fuadain"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "man-made",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вѐшта̄чкӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "man-made",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вјѐшта̄чкӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "man-made",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "vèštāčkī"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "man-made",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "vjèštāčkī"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "umelý"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "umeten"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "kumštny"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "konstgjord"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificiell"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "gawa-gawa"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "balat-bunga"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kr̥trimamaina",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "కృత్రిమమైన"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tiiam",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "เทียม"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "yapay"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "suni"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "leśtem",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "лэсьтэм"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "štúčnyj",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "шту́чний"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "sün'iy",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "سۈنئىي"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "sunʼiy"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "nhân tạo"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 1 1 1",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "mekavik"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Her manner was somewhat artificial.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Insincere; fake, forced, or feigned."
],
"id": "en-artificial-en-adj-yjeSH-ye",
"links": [
[
"Insincere",
"insincere#English"
],
[
"fake",
"fake"
],
[
"forced",
"forced"
],
[
"feigned",
"feigned"
]
]
},
{
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{
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"_dis": "25 4 42 29",
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{
"_dis": "28 6 38 28",
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{
"_dis": "28 6 38 28",
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{
"_dis": "25 4 42 29",
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"_dis": "27 6 40 28",
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{
"_dis": "30 5 38 27",
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{
"_dis": "25 5 47 23",
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{
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{
"_dis": "30 5 38 27",
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"parents": [],
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{
"_dis": "30 3 40 27",
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{
"_dis": "24 5 47 24",
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{
"_dis": "30 5 38 27",
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{
"_dis": "30 5 38 27",
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{
"_dis": "30 5 38 27",
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{
"_dis": "30 5 38 27",
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{
"_dis": "26 4 42 29",
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1990 February 19, Peter Burnham, The Political Economy of Postwar Reconstruction, Springer, →ISBN, page 73:",
"text": "This results in an artificial conflation of the individual crises experienced by Western European states and leads to imprecise judgements on the impact of Marshall. This confusing conflation is not simply the product of retrospection.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2002 May 9, Maxine Berg, Pat Hudson, Michael Sonenscher, Manufacture in Town and Country Before the Factory, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 35:",
"text": "[If] the economic literature of the eighteenth century is examined in terms other than the narrow categories of free trade and protection, the artificial division between the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries would break down .",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016 November 10, Gabriele Lakomski, Scott Eacott, Colin W. Evers, Questioning Leadership: New directions for educational organisations, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, page 156:",
"text": "In Alberta, for example, policy documents reinforce an artificial distinction between leadership-related activity and management.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017 July 12, A. Javier Trevino, The Sociology of Law: Classical and Contemporary Perspectives, Routledge, →ISBN:",
"text": "The method of suppression is generally either an artificial conflation of public and private, in which the public is represented as private, or an artificial separation of public from private, which distracts attention from the public[…]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not natural or normal: imposed arbitrarily or without regard to the specifics or normal circumstances of a person, a situation, etc."
],
"id": "en-artificial-en-adj-04BTGF1Y",
"links": [
[
"natural",
"natural"
],
[
"normal",
"normal"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "arhestakan",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "արհեստական"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "süni"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "kritrim",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "কৃত্রিম"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neestéstven",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "неесте́ствен"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prinúden",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "прину́ден"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "rénwéi",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "人為 /人为"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "kunstmatig"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "artificieel"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "onnatuurlijk"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "nagemaakt"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "arta"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "nenatura"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "teennäinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "luonnoton"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unnatural",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "unnatürlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "affektiert"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "technitós",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "τεχνητός"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "afýsikos",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "αφύσικος"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "mesterséges"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "innaturale"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unnatural",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "artefatto"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"alt": "じんいてきな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jin'iteki na",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "人為的な"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"alt": "人爲的",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "inwijeok",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "인위적"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "deskar"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "destkar"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "veštački",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "вештачки"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nepriroden",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "неприроден"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "nenatural"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iskússtvennyj",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "иску́сственный"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nenaturálʹnyj",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "ненатура́льный"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nejestéstvennyj",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "неесте́ственный"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "konstlad"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "asahajamaina",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "అసహజమైన"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tiiam",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "เทียม"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "yapay"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 6 74 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "yapmacık"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "natural"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Bridge",
"orig": "en:Bridge",
"parents": [
"Card games",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 4 42 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 7 42 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 3 45 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 8 36 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 5 37 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 1 39 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 3 39 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 5 39 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 5 38 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999, Edwin B. Kantar, Eddie Kantar Teaches Advanced Bridge Defense, page 191:",
"text": "An artificial bid doesn't necessarily show length in the suit being bid, it has an altogether different meaning.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, David Galt, Teach Yourself Visually Bridge, page 219:",
"text": "North makes an artificial call of 3♧, the cheapest suit at the 3 level, to show a very poor hand. What North holds in clubs doesn't matter at all.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Conveying some meaning other than the actual contents of one's hand."
],
"id": "en-artificial-en-adj-uHplDvw9",
"links": [
[
"meaning",
"meaning"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(bridge) Conveying some meaning other than the actual contents of one's hand."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "conventional"
}
],
"topics": [
"bridge",
"games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "ä(r)təfĭsh'əl"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɑː(ɹ).təˈfɪʃ.əl/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˌɑːɹtɪˈfɪʃl]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-artificial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/En-us-artificial.ogg/En-us-artificial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/En-us-artificial.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪʃəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "artificious"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "factitious"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "arhestakan",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "արհեստական"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "süni"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "saxta"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "uydurma"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prikrít",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "прикри́т"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "fals"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "kunstmatig"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "nagemaakt"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "artificieel"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "teennäinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falso"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "künstlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "technitós",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "τεχνητός"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epíplastos",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "επίπλαστος"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "plastós",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "πλαστός"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "mesterkélt"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "artificioso"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "falso"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "artefatto"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "veštački",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "вештачки"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "cræftlīċ"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "falso"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "fals"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iskússtvennyj",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "иску́сственный"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pritvórnyj",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "притво́рный"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "breugach"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "fuadain"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "narejen"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "konstlad"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tiiam",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "เทียม"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "yapay"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "sahte"
},
{
"_dis1": "32 21 27 20",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "yapmacık"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"artificial"
],
"word": "artificial"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "unnatural",
"tags": [
"natural"
],
"word": "antonym(s) of"
}
],
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂er-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Ido translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɪʃəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɪʃəl/4 syllables",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Aragonese translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Classical Nahuatl translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Komi-Zyrian translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malayalam translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Punjabi translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Udmurt translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Volapük translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "artificial abortion"
},
{
"word": "artificial anus"
},
{
"word": "artificial art"
},
{
"word": "artificial bee colony"
},
{
"word": "artificial consciousness"
},
{
"word": "artificial dumbness"
},
{
"word": "artificial element"
},
{
"word": "artificial florist"
},
{
"word": "artificial general intelligence"
},
{
"word": "artificial grammar learning"
},
{
"word": "artificial horizon"
},
{
"word": "artificial ice"
},
{
"word": "artificial idiocy"
},
{
"word": "artificial immune system"
},
{
"word": "artificial incompetence"
},
{
"word": "artificial insemination"
},
{
"word": "artificial intelligence"
},
{
"word": "artificialism"
},
{
"word": "artificialist"
},
{
"word": "artificiality"
},
{
"word": "artificialization"
},
{
"word": "artificialize"
},
{
"word": "artificial kidney"
},
{
"word": "artificial language"
},
{
"word": "artificial life"
},
{
"word": "artificially"
},
{
"word": "artificialness"
},
{
"word": "artificial person"
},
{
"word": "artificial respiration"
},
{
"word": "artificial rice"
},
{
"word": "artificial scarcity"
},
{
"word": "artificial script"
},
{
"word": "artificial selection"
},
{
"word": "artificial stupidity"
},
{
"word": "artificial superintelligence"
},
{
"word": "artificial sweetener"
},
{
"word": "artificial tear"
},
{
"word": "artificial tear drop"
},
{
"word": "artificial turf"
},
{
"word": "artificial unintelligence"
},
{
"word": "artilect"
},
{
"word": "bioartificial"
},
{
"word": "inartificial"
},
{
"word": "nonartificial"
},
{
"word": "overartificial"
},
{
"word": "semiartificial"
},
{
"word": "unartificial"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "artiffisial",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: artiffisial",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: artiffisial"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂er-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "artificial",
"4": "",
"5": "man-made"
},
"expansion": "Middle English artificial (“man-made”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old French",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "artificiel"
},
"expansion": "French artificiel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "artificiālis"
},
"expansion": "Latin artificiālis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cræftlīċ"
},
"expansion": "Old English cræftlīċ",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰeh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English artificial (“man-made”) via Old French (modern French artificiel), from Latin artificiālis from artificium (“skill”), from artifex, from ars (“skill”), and -fex, from facere (“to make”). Displaced native Old English cræftlīċ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more artificial",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most artificial",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "artificial (comparative more artificial, superlative most artificial)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "artifact"
},
{
"word": "artifice"
},
{
"word": "artificer"
},
{
"word": "fake"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The flowers were artificial, and he thought them rather tacky.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 1, “A better waterworks”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8838, page 5 (Technology Quarterly):",
"text": "An artificial kidney these days still means a refrigerator-sized dialysis machine. Such devices mimic the way real kidneys cleanse blood and eject impurities and surplus water as urine. But they are nothing like as efficient, and can cause bleeding, clotting and infection—not to mention inconvenience for patients, who typically need to be hooked up to one three times a week for hours at a time.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Man-made; made by humans; of artifice."
],
"links": [
[
"Man-made",
"man-made"
],
[
"artifice",
"artifice"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Her manner was somewhat artificial.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Insincere; fake, forced, or feigned."
],
"links": [
[
"Insincere",
"insincere#English"
],
[
"fake",
"fake"
],
[
"forced",
"forced"
],
[
"feigned",
"feigned"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1990 February 19, Peter Burnham, The Political Economy of Postwar Reconstruction, Springer, →ISBN, page 73:",
"text": "This results in an artificial conflation of the individual crises experienced by Western European states and leads to imprecise judgements on the impact of Marshall. This confusing conflation is not simply the product of retrospection.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2002 May 9, Maxine Berg, Pat Hudson, Michael Sonenscher, Manufacture in Town and Country Before the Factory, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 35:",
"text": "[If] the economic literature of the eighteenth century is examined in terms other than the narrow categories of free trade and protection, the artificial division between the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries would break down .",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2016 November 10, Gabriele Lakomski, Scott Eacott, Colin W. Evers, Questioning Leadership: New directions for educational organisations, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, page 156:",
"text": "In Alberta, for example, policy documents reinforce an artificial distinction between leadership-related activity and management.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017 July 12, A. Javier Trevino, The Sociology of Law: Classical and Contemporary Perspectives, Routledge, →ISBN:",
"text": "The method of suppression is generally either an artificial conflation of public and private, in which the public is represented as private, or an artificial separation of public from private, which distracts attention from the public[…]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Not natural or normal: imposed arbitrarily or without regard to the specifics or normal circumstances of a person, a situation, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"natural",
"natural"
],
[
"normal",
"normal"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "natural"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Bridge"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1999, Edwin B. Kantar, Eddie Kantar Teaches Advanced Bridge Defense, page 191:",
"text": "An artificial bid doesn't necessarily show length in the suit being bid, it has an altogether different meaning.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2008, David Galt, Teach Yourself Visually Bridge, page 219:",
"text": "North makes an artificial call of 3♧, the cheapest suit at the 3 level, to show a very poor hand. What North holds in clubs doesn't matter at all.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Conveying some meaning other than the actual contents of one's hand."
],
"links": [
[
"meaning",
"meaning"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(bridge) Conveying some meaning other than the actual contents of one's hand."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "conventional"
}
],
"topics": [
"bridge",
"games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "ä(r)təfĭsh'əl"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌɑː(ɹ).təˈfɪʃ.əl/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˌɑːɹtɪˈfɪʃl]",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-artificial.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/En-us-artificial.ogg/En-us-artificial.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/En-us-artificial.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪʃəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "artificious"
},
{
"word": "factitious"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mutaṣannaʕ",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "مُتَصَنَّع"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ṣināʕiyy",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "صِنَاعِيّ"
},
{
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "arhestakan",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "արհեստական"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "süni"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artifizial"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "štúčny",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "шту́чны"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "kritrim",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "কৃত্রিম"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izkústven",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "изку́ствен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "rénzào de",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "人造的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "umělý"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "kunstig"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificiel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificieel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "kunstmatig"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artefarita"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "arta"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "kunstlik"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "tehislik"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "keinotekoinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "man-made",
"tags": [
"in-compounds"
],
"word": "teko-"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "man-made",
"tags": [
"in-compounds"
],
"word": "keino-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificiel"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "künstlich"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "technitós",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "τεχνητός"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kheiropoíētos",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "χειροποίητος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "m'lakhutí",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "מְלָאכוּתִי"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kŕtrim",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "कृत्रिम"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "mesterséges"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificala"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "tacair"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "saorga"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificiale"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificioso"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "man-made",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "artefatto"
},
{
"alt": "じんこうの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jinkō no",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "人工の"
},
{
"code": "kpv",
"lang": "Komi-Zyrian",
"roman": "löśödöm",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "лӧсьӧдӧм"
},
{
"alt": "人工",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "in'gong",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "인공"
},
{
"alt": "人造",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "injo",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "인조"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "destkar"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "dirbtinis"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "veštački",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "вештачки"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"roman": "kr̥trimaṁ",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "കൃത്രിമം"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "krutrim",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "कृत्रिम"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xiimel",
"sense": "man-made",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "хиймэл"
},
{
"code": "nci",
"lang": "Nahuatl",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "tlachihualli"
},
{
"code": "nci",
"lang": "Nahuatl",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "tlacachihualli"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificiel"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "kunstig"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "cræftlīċ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "sâxtagi",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "ساختگی"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "masnu'i",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "مصنوعی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "sztuczny"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "man-made",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "artyficjalny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "baṇāuṭī",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "ਬਣਾਉਟੀ"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iskússtvennyj",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "иску́сственный"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "kṛtrima",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "कृत्रिम"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "kalpita",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "कल्पित"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "fuadain"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "man-made",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вѐшта̄чкӣ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "man-made",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вјѐшта̄чкӣ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "man-made",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "vèštāčkī"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "man-made",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "vjèštāčkī"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "umelý"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "umeten"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "kumštny"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "konstgjord"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "artificiell"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "gawa-gawa"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "balat-bunga"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "kr̥trimamaina",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "కృత్రిమమైన"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tiiam",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "เทียม"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "yapay"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "suni"
},
{
"code": "udm",
"lang": "Udmurt",
"roman": "leśtem",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "лэсьтэм"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "štúčnyj",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "шту́чний"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "sün'iy",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "سۈنئىي"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "sunʼiy"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "nhân tạo"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "man-made",
"word": "mekavik"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "arhestakan",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "արհեստական"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "süni"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "saxta"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "uydurma"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prikrít",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "прикри́т"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "fals"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "kunstmatig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "nagemaakt"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "artificieel"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "teennäinen"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falso"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "künstlich"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "technitós",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "τεχνητός"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "epíplastos",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "επίπλαστος"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "plastós",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "πλαστός"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "mesterkélt"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "artificioso"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "falso"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "artefatto"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "veštački",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "вештачки"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "cræftlīċ"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "falso"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "fals"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iskússtvennyj",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "иску́сственный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pritvórnyj",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "притво́рный"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "breugach"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "fuadain"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "narejen"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "konstlad"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tiiam",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "เทียม"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "yapay"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "sahte"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "false, misleading",
"word": "yapmacık"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "arhestakan",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "արհեստական"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "süni"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "kritrim",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "কৃত্রিম"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neestéstven",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "неесте́ствен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prinúden",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "прину́ден"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "rénwéi",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "人為 /人为"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "kunstmatig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "artificieel"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "onnatuurlijk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "nagemaakt"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "arta"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "nenatura"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "teennäinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "luonnoton"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unnatural",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "unnatürlich"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "affektiert"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "technitós",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "τεχνητός"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "afýsikos",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "αφύσικος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "mesterséges"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "innaturale"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unnatural",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "artefatto"
},
{
"alt": "じんいてきな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "jin'iteki na",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "人為的な"
},
{
"alt": "人爲的",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "inwijeok",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "인위적"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "deskar"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "destkar"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "veštački",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "вештачки"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nepriroden",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "неприроден"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "nenatural"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iskússtvennyj",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "иску́сственный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nenaturálʹnyj",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "ненатура́льный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "nejestéstvennyj",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "неесте́ственный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "artificial"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "konstlad"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "asahajamaina",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "అసహజమైన"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "tiiam",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "เทียม"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "yapay"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "unnatural",
"word": "yapmacık"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"artificial"
],
"word": "artificial"
}
Download raw JSONL data for artificial meaning in English (26.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.