See rune on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for rune meaning in All languages combined (28.7kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bind rune"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "moonrune"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "moon rune"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runecarver"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runecast"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runecaster"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runecasting"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runecraft"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runeless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runelike"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runelore"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runemaster"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rune poem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rune-rister"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "rune-risting"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runesmith"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runesong"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runestaff"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runestave"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runester"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runestone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runework"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runically"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runiform"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runographer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runographic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runography"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runologist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "runology"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "slavrune"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "twig rune"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "盧恩",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mandarin: 盧恩／卢恩 (lú'ēn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mandarin: 盧恩／卢恩 (lú'ēn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rún"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rún",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rūnō",
"4": "",
"5": "letter, literature, secret"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūnō (“letter, literature, secret”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*rūnā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *rūnā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rune"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rune",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rune"
},
"expansion": "German Rune",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rune"
},
"expansion": "Danish rune",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "runa"
},
"expansion": "Swedish runa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "roun"
},
"expansion": "roun",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Norse rún, which is from Proto-Germanic *rūnō (“letter, literature, secret”), which is borrowed either from Proto-Celtic *rūnā or from the same source as it; compare Dutch rune, German Rune, Danish rune and Swedish runa. Compare roun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "runes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rune (plural runes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1970, Richard Hamer, editor, A Choice of Anglo-Saxon Verse, Croydon: Faber & Faber, page 76",
"text": "Runes were the letters of an ancient Germanic alphabet, ultimately derived from the Mediterranean alphabets, which was used for carving on wood or stone and which to some extent survived the introduction of writing.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1971, Richard Carpenter, Catweazle and the Magic Zodiac, Harmondsworth: Puffin Books, page 32",
"text": "\"Finding you somewhere to live isn't going to be easy,\" he said. \"We must cast the runes,\" said Catweazle. \"They will tell us.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A letter, or character, used in the written language of various ancient Germanic peoples, especially the Scandinavians and the Anglo-Saxons."
],
"id": "en-rune-en-noun-MI4JlQPq",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanic"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"Scandinavians",
"Scandinavians"
],
[
"Anglo-Saxons",
"Anglo-Saxons"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "rune"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "run"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "runa",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "руна"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "runa"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "盧恩"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lú'ēn",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "卢恩"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rune"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rune"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rún"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "riimu"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "riimukirjain"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rune"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rune"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Runenbuchstabe"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Runenzeichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "roúnos",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ρούνος"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "rúna"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rún"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rúnscríbhinn"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "runa"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rūn-moji",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "ルーン文字"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "runa",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "руна"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "runa",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "руна"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "roon"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rune"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "runestav"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "runetegn"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rune"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "runestav"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "runeteikn"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "runa"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rún"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "runa"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "runa"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "gmq-pro",
"lang": "Proto-Norse",
"roman": "runo",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ᚱᚢᚾᛟ"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rúna",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ру́на"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "runa"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "runa"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "อักษรรูน"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "rün"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "run"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "runa"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "raunatonat"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rŵn"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 0 29 0 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "llythyren rwnig"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A Finnic or Scandinavian epic poem, or a division of one, especially a division of the Kalevala."
],
"id": "en-rune-en-noun-6RIR4ZQK",
"links": [
[
"Finnic",
"Finnic"
],
[
"Scandinavian",
"Scandinavian"
],
[
"epic",
"epic"
],
[
"poem",
"poem"
],
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"Kalevala",
"Kalevala"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "18 65 1 7 4 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Finnish or Scandinavian poem",
"word": "runo"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 65 1 7 4 5",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "Finnish or Scandinavian poem",
"word": "runo"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 65 1 7 4 5",
"code": "ja",
"english": "poem",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hokuō-koshi",
"sense": "Finnish or Scandinavian poem",
"word": "北欧古詩"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 65 1 7 4 5",
"code": "ja",
"english": "myth",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hokuō-shinwa",
"sense": "Finnish or Scandinavian poem",
"word": "北欧神話"
},
{
"_dis1": "18 65 1 7 4 5",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Finnish or Scandinavian poem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rune"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2016, Jeph Jacques, Questionable Content (webcomic), Number 3242: The Dunkelest Brau",
"text": "\"Are the, um, eldritch runes supposed to glow like that?\" \"Dunno. I asked the distributor about 'em and he started shaking really fast like in a Tool video.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A letter or mark used as a mystical or magic symbol."
],
"id": "en-rune-en-noun-Sd9E26lJ",
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"mark",
"mark"
],
[
"mystical",
"mystical"
],
[
"magic",
"magic"
],
[
"symbol",
"symbol"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 3 62 18 4 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "magičeski znak",
"sense": "mystical letter or mark",
"word": "магически знак"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 3 62 18 4 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mystical letter or mark",
"word": "mystinen merkki"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Where the daylight peeps thro' like the glint of the Moon, / And the branches are rustling a murmurous rune, / The Owls sit in council like prophets of Fate, / Discussing grave questions of Kingdom and State."
},
{
"ref": "1891, Mary Noailles Murfree, In the \"Stranger People's\" Country, Nebraska, published 2005, page 15",
"text": "the fiddle sang and sang as ceaselessly as the chanting cicada without, and the frogs intoning their sylvan runes by the waterside.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A verse or song, especially one with mystical or mysterious overtones; a spell or an incantation."
],
"id": "en-rune-en-noun-EQYOrkca",
"links": [
[
"verse",
"verse"
],
[
"song",
"song"
],
[
"mystical",
"mystical"
],
[
"mysterious",
"mysterious"
],
[
"overtone",
"overtone"
],
[
"spell",
"spell"
],
[
"incantation",
"incantation"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 9 9 62 6 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mystical verse or song",
"word": "loitsu"
}
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "secret or mystery",
"word": "roun"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of roun (“secret or mystery”)."
],
"id": "en-rune-en-noun--vDZtNAU",
"links": [
[
"roun",
"roun#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Alternative form of roun (“secret or mystery”)."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 6 9 79 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "secret or mystery",
"word": "salaisuus"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Programming",
"orig": "en:Programming",
"parents": [
"Computing",
"Software engineering",
"Technology",
"Computer science",
"Engineering",
"Software",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Applied sciences",
"Media",
"Fundamental",
"Communication"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 5 1 4 4 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 6 3 6 4 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 16 2 11 12 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Writing systems",
"orig": "en:Writing systems",
"parents": [
"Writing",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Human",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2016, Shiju Varghese, Go Recipes, Apress, page 12",
"text": "Go language defines the type rune as an alias for the type int32 to represent a Unicode code point. A string in Go is a sequence of runes.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Unicode code point."
],
"id": "en-rune-en-noun-1t3nVAOW",
"links": [
[
"programming",
"programming#Noun"
],
[
"Go",
"Go"
],
[
"programming language",
"programming language"
],
[
"Unicode",
"Unicode"
],
[
"code point",
"code point"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(programming, in the Go programming language) A Unicode code point."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the Go programming language"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"programming",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹuːn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːn"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-rune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/En-us-rune.ogg/En-us-rune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/En-us-rune.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ro͞on"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Anglo-Saxon runes",
"runes"
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "runen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runer",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rune",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "runerne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "runes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "runernes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "runer",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl-indef-2}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{com}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "runen",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "plural indefinite",
"f1accel-form": "def|s",
"f4accel-form": "indef|p",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "rune c (singular definite runen, plural indefinite runer)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "r"
},
"expansion": "rune c (singular definite runen, plural indefinite runer)",
"name": "da-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "r"
},
"name": "da-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "c",
"gen-pl-def": "runernes",
"gen-pl-def-2": "",
"gen-pl-def-3": "",
"gen-pl-indef": "runers",
"gen-pl-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-def": "runens",
"gen-sg-def-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef": "runes",
"gen-sg-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef-3": "",
"pl-def": "runerne",
"pl-def-2": "",
"pl-def-3": "",
"pl-indef": "runer",
"pl-indef-2": "",
"pl-indef-3": "",
"sg-def": "runen",
"sg-def-2": "",
"sg-indef": "rune"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl-base"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rune"
],
"id": "en-rune-da-noun-3Nab7XCo",
"links": [
[
"rune",
"rune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Rune"
},
"expansion": "German Rune",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "non",
"3": "rún"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rún",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Rune, from Old Norse rún.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "runen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "runetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "runetje"
},
"expansion": "rune f (plural runen, diminutive runetje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧ne"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "runenkorst"
},
{
"word": "runenschrift"
},
{
"word": "runenteken"
},
{
"word": "runologie"
},
{
"word": "runoloog"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rune"
],
"id": "en-rune-nl-noun-3Nab7XCo",
"links": [
[
"rune",
"rune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrynə/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ynə"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-rune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/Nl-rune.ogg/Nl-rune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Nl-rune.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "rün",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: rün",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: rün"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "non",
"3": "rún",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rún",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "non",
"3": "rún"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old Norse rún",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Norse rún.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "runes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "rune f (plural runes)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "runologie"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rune"
],
"id": "en-rune-fr-noun-3Nab7XCo",
"links": [
[
"rune",
"rune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:rune"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁyn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-yn"
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "rune f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rù‧ne"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "runa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of runa"
],
"id": "en-rune-it-noun-Nkw5Dej7",
"links": [
[
"runa",
"runa#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ne/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-une"
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*rūna"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *rūna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rūnō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūnō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *rūna, from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{stem}}}-",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{stem2}}}-",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "rune f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "rune f",
"name": "dum-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"secretive whispering"
],
"id": "en-rune-dum-noun-S-c-7j1x",
"links": [
[
"secretive",
"secretive"
],
[
"whispering",
"whispering"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) secretive whispering"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "rún"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rún",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse rún.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "runa",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runer",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "runene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rune"
],
"id": "en-rune-nb-noun-3Nab7XCo",
"links": [
[
"rune",
"rune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʉːnə/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʉːnə"
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "da",
"3": "rune",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Danish rune",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "da",
"3": "rune"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Danish rune",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rúnir"
},
"expansion": "rúnir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "run",
"3": "runer",
"g": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "runer f pl",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "run"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of run",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Danish rune; likely a reanalysis of Old Norse plural rúnir, whence also runer f pl. Doublet of run.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "runa",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runer",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "runene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "runestav"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rune (a letter of runic alphabet)"
],
"id": "en-rune-nn-noun-4THOCNIQ",
"links": [
[
"rune",
"rune"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "run"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʉːnə/"
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "run",
"3": "",
"4": "witchcraft; rune"
},
"expansion": "run (“witchcraft; rune”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to run (“witchcraft; rune”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "runa",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runer",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "runene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"an old formula, particularly a verse or a proverb"
],
"id": "en-rune-nn-noun-Zxx6RJnv",
"links": [
[
"formula",
"formula"
],
[
"verse",
"verse"
],
[
"proverb",
"proverb"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʊːnə/"
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūne",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "rūne"
},
"expansion": "rūne",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 23 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative singular of rūn"
],
"id": "en-rune-ang-noun-I6q0aNFN",
"links": [
[
"rūn",
"run#Old English"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 23 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of rūn"
],
"id": "en-rune-ang-noun-FLD3sdiq",
"links": [
[
"rūn",
"run#Old English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 23 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative singular of rūn"
],
"id": "en-rune-ang-noun-jvR89loA",
"links": [
[
"rūn",
"run#Old English"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 23 23 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative plural of rūn"
],
"id": "en-rune-ang-noun-0btVdBrh",
"links": [
[
"rūn",
"run#Old English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 23 23 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative plural of rūn"
],
"id": "en-rune-ang-noun-aQB7KhDk",
"links": [
[
"rūn",
"run#Old English"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruːne/"
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "руне",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rune (Cyrillic spelling руне)",
"name": "sh-noun-form"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of runa:",
"genitive singular"
],
"id": "en-rune-sh-noun-8UXfdrye",
"links": [
[
"runa",
"runa#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of runa:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative plural"
],
"id": "en-rune-sh-noun-soP51K-U",
"links": [
[
"runa",
"runa#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "runen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runer",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "da-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rune",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "runerne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "runes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runers",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "runernes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "runer",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{pl-indef-2}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{com}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "singular definite",
"4": "runen",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{sg-def-2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "plural indefinite",
"f1accel-form": "def|s",
"f4accel-form": "indef|p",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "rune c (singular definite runen, plural indefinite runer)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "r"
},
"expansion": "rune c (singular definite runen, plural indefinite runer)",
"name": "da-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "r"
},
"name": "da-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"g": "c",
"gen-pl-def": "runernes",
"gen-pl-def-2": "",
"gen-pl-def-3": "",
"gen-pl-indef": "runers",
"gen-pl-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-def": "runens",
"gen-sg-def-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef": "runes",
"gen-sg-indef-2": "",
"gen-sg-indef-3": "",
"pl-def": "runerne",
"pl-def-2": "",
"pl-def-3": "",
"pl-indef": "runer",
"pl-indef-2": "",
"pl-indef-3": "",
"sg-def": "runen",
"sg-def-2": "",
"sg-indef": "rune"
},
"name": "da-noun-infl-base"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Danish common-gender nouns",
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"rune"
],
"links": [
[
"rune",
"rune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "runenkorst"
},
{
"word": "runenschrift"
},
{
"word": "runenteken"
},
{
"word": "runologie"
},
{
"word": "runoloog"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Rune"
},
"expansion": "German Rune",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "non",
"3": "rún"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rún",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Rune, from Old Norse rún.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "runen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "runetje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "runetje"
},
"expansion": "rune f (plural runen, diminutive runetje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ru‧ne"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms borrowed from German",
"Dutch terms derived from German",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Norse",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ynə"
],
"glosses": [
"rune"
],
"links": [
[
"rune",
"rune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrynə/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ynə"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-rune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4b/Nl-rune.ogg/Nl-rune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Nl-rune.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Old Norse",
"English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Requests for review of Japanese translations",
"Requests for review of Latin translations",
"Rhymes:English/uːn",
"Rhymes:English/uːn/1 syllable",
"en:Writing systems"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bind rune"
},
{
"word": "moonrune"
},
{
"word": "moon rune"
},
{
"word": "runecarver"
},
{
"word": "runecast"
},
{
"word": "runecaster"
},
{
"word": "runecasting"
},
{
"word": "runecraft"
},
{
"word": "runed"
},
{
"word": "runeless"
},
{
"word": "runelike"
},
{
"word": "runelore"
},
{
"word": "runemaster"
},
{
"word": "rune poem"
},
{
"word": "rune-rister"
},
{
"word": "rune-risting"
},
{
"word": "runesmith"
},
{
"word": "runesong"
},
{
"word": "runestaff"
},
{
"word": "runestave"
},
{
"word": "runester"
},
{
"word": "runestone"
},
{
"word": "runework"
},
{
"word": "runic"
},
{
"word": "runically"
},
{
"word": "runiform"
},
{
"word": "runographer"
},
{
"word": "runographic"
},
{
"word": "runography"
},
{
"word": "runologist"
},
{
"word": "runology"
},
{
"word": "slavrune"
},
{
"word": "twig rune"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cmn",
"2": "盧恩",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mandarin: 盧恩／卢恩 (lú'ēn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mandarin: 盧恩／卢恩 (lú'ēn)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "non",
"3": "rún"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rún",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rūnō",
"4": "",
"5": "letter, literature, secret"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūnō (“letter, literature, secret”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*rūnā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *rūnā",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "rune"
},
"expansion": "Dutch rune",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Rune"
},
"expansion": "German Rune",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "rune"
},
"expansion": "Danish rune",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "runa"
},
"expansion": "Swedish runa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "roun"
},
"expansion": "roun",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Norse rún, which is from Proto-Germanic *rūnō (“letter, literature, secret”), which is borrowed either from Proto-Celtic *rūnā or from the same source as it; compare Dutch rune, German Rune, Danish rune and Swedish runa. Compare roun.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "runes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rune (plural runes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1970, Richard Hamer, editor, A Choice of Anglo-Saxon Verse, Croydon: Faber & Faber, page 76",
"text": "Runes were the letters of an ancient Germanic alphabet, ultimately derived from the Mediterranean alphabets, which was used for carving on wood or stone and which to some extent survived the introduction of writing.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1971, Richard Carpenter, Catweazle and the Magic Zodiac, Harmondsworth: Puffin Books, page 32",
"text": "\"Finding you somewhere to live isn't going to be easy,\" he said. \"We must cast the runes,\" said Catweazle. \"They will tell us.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A letter, or character, used in the written language of various ancient Germanic peoples, especially the Scandinavians and the Anglo-Saxons."
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"ancient",
"ancient"
],
[
"Germanic",
"Germanic"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"Scandinavians",
"Scandinavians"
],
[
"Anglo-Saxons",
"Anglo-Saxons"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A Finnic or Scandinavian epic poem, or a division of one, especially a division of the Kalevala."
],
"links": [
[
"Finnic",
"Finnic"
],
[
"Scandinavian",
"Scandinavian"
],
[
"epic",
"epic"
],
[
"poem",
"poem"
],
[
"division",
"division"
],
[
"Kalevala",
"Kalevala"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2016, Jeph Jacques, Questionable Content (webcomic), Number 3242: The Dunkelest Brau",
"text": "\"Are the, um, eldritch runes supposed to glow like that?\" \"Dunno. I asked the distributor about 'em and he started shaking really fast like in a Tool video.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A letter or mark used as a mystical or magic symbol."
],
"links": [
[
"letter",
"letter"
],
[
"mark",
"mark"
],
[
"mystical",
"mystical"
],
[
"magic",
"magic"
],
[
"symbol",
"symbol"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Where the daylight peeps thro' like the glint of the Moon, / And the branches are rustling a murmurous rune, / The Owls sit in council like prophets of Fate, / Discussing grave questions of Kingdom and State."
},
{
"ref": "1891, Mary Noailles Murfree, In the \"Stranger People's\" Country, Nebraska, published 2005, page 15",
"text": "the fiddle sang and sang as ceaselessly as the chanting cicada without, and the frogs intoning their sylvan runes by the waterside.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A verse or song, especially one with mystical or mysterious overtones; a spell or an incantation."
],
"links": [
[
"verse",
"verse"
],
[
"song",
"song"
],
[
"mystical",
"mystical"
],
[
"mysterious",
"mysterious"
],
[
"overtone",
"overtone"
],
[
"spell",
"spell"
],
[
"incantation",
"incantation"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "secret or mystery",
"word": "roun"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of roun (“secret or mystery”)."
],
"links": [
[
"roun",
"roun#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Alternative form of roun (“secret or mystery”)."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Programming"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2016, Shiju Varghese, Go Recipes, Apress, page 12",
"text": "Go language defines the type rune as an alias for the type int32 to represent a Unicode code point. A string in Go is a sequence of runes.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Unicode code point."
],
"links": [
[
"programming",
"programming#Noun"
],
[
"Go",
"Go"
],
[
"programming language",
"programming language"
],
[
"Unicode",
"Unicode"
],
[
"code point",
"code point"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(programming, in the Go programming language) A Unicode code point."
],
"raw_tags": [
"in the Go programming language"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"programming",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹuːn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uːn"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-rune.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/En-us-rune.ogg/En-us-rune.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/En-us-rune.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "ro͞on"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "rune"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "run"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "runa",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "руна"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "runa"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "盧恩"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "lú'ēn",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "卢恩"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rune"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rune"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rún"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "riimu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "riimukirjain"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rune"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Rune"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Runenbuchstabe"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Runenzeichen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "roúnos",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ρούνος"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "rúna"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rún"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rúnscríbhinn"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "runa"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "rūn-moji",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "ルーン文字"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "runa",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "руна"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "runa",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "руна"
},
{
"code": "gv",
"lang": "Manx",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "roon"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rune"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "runestav"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "runetegn"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rune"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "runestav"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "runeteikn"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "runa"
},
{
"code": "non",
"lang": "Old Norse",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rún"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "runa"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "runa"
},
{
"code": "gmq-pro",
"lang": "Proto-Norse",
"roman": "runo",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ᚱᚢᚾᛟ"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rúna",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ру́на"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "runa"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "runa"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "อักษรรูน"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "rün"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "run"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "runa"
},
{
"code": "vo",
"lang": "Volapük",
"sense": "letter or character",
"word": "raunatonat"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "rŵn"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "letter or character",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "llythyren rwnig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Finnish or Scandinavian poem",
"word": "runo"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "Finnish or Scandinavian poem",
"word": "runo"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "poem",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hokuō-koshi",
"sense": "Finnish or Scandinavian poem",
"word": "北欧古詩"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"english": "myth",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hokuō-shinwa",
"sense": "Finnish or Scandinavian poem",
"word": "北欧神話"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Finnish or Scandinavian poem",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rune"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "magičeski znak",
"sense": "mystical letter or mark",
"word": "магически знак"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mystical letter or mark",
"word": "mystinen merkki"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "mystical verse or song",
"word": "loitsu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "secret or mystery",
"word": "salaisuus"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Anglo-Saxon runes",
"runes"
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "runologie"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "rün",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: rün",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: rün"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "non",
"3": "rún",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rún",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "non",
"3": "rún"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old Norse rún",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Norse rún.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "runes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "rune f (plural runes)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"French terms derived from Old Norse",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:French/yn",
"Rhymes:French/yn/1 syllable"
],
"glosses": [
"rune"
],
"links": [
[
"rune",
"rune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:rune"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁyn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-yn"
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "rune f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"rù‧ne"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian noun forms",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Italian/une",
"Rhymes:Italian/une/2 syllables"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "runa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of runa"
],
"links": [
[
"runa",
"runa#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ne/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-une"
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*rūna"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *rūna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*rūnō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūnō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *rūna, from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{stem}}}-",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{stem2}}}-",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "rune f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "rune f",
"name": "dum-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch feminine nouns",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch nouns",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"secretive whispering"
],
"links": [
[
"secretive",
"secretive"
],
[
"whispering",
"whispering"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) secretive whispering"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "non",
"3": "rún"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse rún",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Norse rún.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "runa",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runen",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runer",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "runene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål feminine nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål lemmas",
"Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål nouns with multiple genders",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse",
"Norwegian Bokmål terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/ʉːnə"
],
"glosses": [
"rune"
],
"links": [
[
"rune",
"rune#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʉːnə/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʉːnə"
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "runestav"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "da",
"3": "rune",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Danish rune",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "da",
"3": "rune"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Danish rune",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "non",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rúnir"
},
"expansion": "rúnir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "run",
"3": "runer",
"g": "f-p"
},
"expansion": "runer f pl",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "run"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of run",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Danish rune; likely a reanalysis of Old Norse plural rúnir, whence also runer f pl. Doublet of run.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "runa",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runer",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "runene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rune (a letter of runic alphabet)"
],
"links": [
[
"rune",
"rune"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "run"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʉːnə/"
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "run",
"3": "",
"4": "witchcraft; rune"
},
"expansion": "run (“witchcraft; rune”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to run (“witchcraft; rune”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "runa",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "runer",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "runene",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"an old formula, particularly a verse or a proverb"
],
"links": [
[
"formula",
"formula"
],
[
"verse",
"verse"
],
[
"proverb",
"proverb"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/rʊːnə/"
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English non-lemma forms",
"Old English noun forms",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūne",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "rūne"
},
"expansion": "rūne",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English links with redundant target parameters"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative singular of rūn"
],
"links": [
[
"rūn",
"run#Old English"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English links with redundant target parameters"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of rūn"
],
"links": [
[
"rūn",
"run#Old English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English links with redundant target parameters"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dative singular of rūn"
],
"links": [
[
"rūn",
"run#Old English"
]
],
"tags": [
"dative",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"nominative plural of rūn"
],
"links": [
[
"rūn",
"run#Old English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rūn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"accusative plural of rūn"
],
"links": [
[
"rūn",
"run#Old English"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruːne/"
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
{
"categories": [
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian non-lemma forms",
"Serbo-Croatian noun forms"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "руне",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "rune (Cyrillic spelling руне)",
"name": "sh-noun-form"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of runa:",
"genitive singular"
],
"links": [
[
"runa",
"runa#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of runa:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative plural"
],
"links": [
[
"runa",
"runa#Serbo-Croatian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"word": "rune"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.