"rún" meaning in Old Norse

See rún in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: From Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō, whence also Old English rūn (“secret, runic letter”), Old Saxon rūna (Middle Low German rūne (“whisper”)), Middle High German rūne (“whisper”), Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret”). Or from the Proto-Indo-European *rewH- (“dig”, a root). Compare German Rune and Swedish runa. Etymology templates: {{inh|non|gmq-pro|ᚱᚢᚾᛟ}} Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), {{inh|non|gem-pro|*rūnō}} Proto-Germanic *rūnō, {{cog|ang|rūn||secret, runic letter}} Old English rūn (“secret, runic letter”), {{cog|osx|rūna}} Old Saxon rūna, {{cog|gml|rūne||whisper}} Middle Low German rūne (“whisper”), {{cog|gmh|rūne||whisper}} Middle High German rūne (“whisper”), {{cog|got|𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰|t=secret|tr=rūna}} Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret”), {{der|non|ine-pro|*rewH-||dig|pos=a root}} Proto-Indo-European *rewH- (“dig”, a root), {{cog|de|Rune}} German Rune, {{cog|sv|runa}} Swedish runa Head templates: {{head|non|nouns|g=f|g2=|head=|sort=|tr=}} rún f, {{non-noun|f|rúnar|rúnar|pl2=rúnir}} rún f (genitive rúnar, plural rúnar or rúnir) Inflection templates: {{non-decl-f-o|rún|rún|apd=rúnarnar, rúnirnar|api=rúnar, rúnir|npd=rúnarnar, rúnirnar|npi=rúnar, rúnir}}, {{non-decl-blank-full|apd=rúnarnar, rúnirnar|api=rúnar, rúnir|asd=rúnina|asi=rún|dpd=rúnunum|dpi=rúnum|dsd=rúninni|dsi=rún|g=feminine|gpd=rúnanna|gpi=rúna|gsd=rúnarinnar|gsi=rúnar|notes=|npd=rúnarnar, rúnirnar|npi=rúnar, rúnir|nsd=rúnin|nsi=rún|stem=strong ō-stem|title=rún}}, {{non-decl-cell|rún|nsi}}, {{non-decl-cell|rúnin|nsd}}, {{non-decl-cell|rúnar, rúnir|npi}}, {{non-decl-cell|rúnarnar, rúnirnar|npd}}, {{non-decl-cell|rún|asi}}, {{non-decl-cell|rúnina|asd}}, {{non-decl-cell|rúnar, rúnir|api}}, {{non-decl-cell|rúnarnar, rúnirnar|apd}}, {{non-decl-cell|rún|dsi}}, {{non-decl-cell|rúninni|dsd}}, {{non-decl-cell|rúnum|dpi}}, {{non-decl-cell|rúnunum|dpd}}, {{non-decl-cell|rúnar|gsi}}, {{non-decl-cell|rúnarinnar|gsd}}, {{non-decl-cell|rúna|gpi}}, {{non-decl-cell|rúnanna|gpd}} Forms: rúnar [genitive], rúnar [plural], rúnir [plural], strong [table-tags], rún [indefinite, nominative, singular], rúnin [definite, nominative, singular], rúnar [indefinite, nominative, plural], rúnir [indefinite, nominative, plural], rúnarnar [definite, nominative, plural], rúnirnar [definite, nominative, plural], rún [accusative, indefinite, singular], rúnina [accusative, definite, singular], rúnar [accusative, indefinite, plural], rúnir [accusative, indefinite, plural], rúnarnar [accusative, definite, plural], rúnirnar [accusative, definite, plural], rún [dative, indefinite, singular], rúninni [dative, definite, singular], rúnum [dative, indefinite, plural], rúnunum [dative, definite, plural], rúnar [genitive, indefinite, singular], rúnarinnar [definite, genitive, singular], rúna [genitive, indefinite, plural], rúnanna [definite, genitive, plural]
  1. secret Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-rún-non-noun-K7gNU3sd
  2. rune Tags: feminine
    Sense id: en-rún-non-noun-3Nab7XCo Categories (other): Old Norse entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Old Norse entries with incorrect language header: 5 95
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: ᚱᚢᚾ (english: run), plural: ᚱᚢᚾᛅᛦ (runaʀ), ᚱᚢᚾᛁᛦ (runiʀ), ᚱᚢᚾᚬᛦ (runąʀ) Derived forms: sigrún (english: victory rune)

Inflected forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "victory rune",
      "word": "sigrún"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "rún",
            "g": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: rún f",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: rún f"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "rún",
            "g": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: rún f",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: rún f"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "run<g:f>",
            "3": "runer<g:f-p><qq:← rúnir>",
            "4": ";",
            "5": "rón<q:dialectal><g:f>",
            "6": "rjon<alt:rjón><g:n>"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: run f, runer f pl (← rúnir); (dialectal) rón f, rjón n",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: run f, runer f pl (← rúnir); (dialectal) rón f, rjón n"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "run",
            "3": "runa",
            "alt": "rūn",
            "alt2": "rūna"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: rūn, rūna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: rūn, rūna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "runa",
            "g": "c,f"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: runa c or f",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: runa c or f"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-oda",
            "2": "rune"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Danish: rune",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Danish: rune"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "rune<g:c><qq:partially through artificial revival>",
            "3": "runer<g:p>"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: rune c (partially through artificial revival), runer pl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: rune c (partially through artificial revival), runer pl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "rune",
            "g": "mf"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: rune m or f",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: rune m or f"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "rune<g:f>",
            "3": "runa<g:f>",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: rune f, runa f",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: rune f, runa f"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Rune",
            "bor": "1",
            "g": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: Rune f",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: Rune f"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "rune",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dutch: rune",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dutch: rune"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "rune",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: rune\n→ Mandarin: 盧恩/卢恩 (lú'ēn)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: rune\n→ Mandarin: 盧恩/卢恩 (lú'ēn)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gmq-pro",
        "3": "ᚱᚢᚾᛟ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*rūnō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūnō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rūn",
        "3": "",
        "4": "secret, runic letter"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rūn (“secret, runic letter”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "rūna"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon rūna",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "rūne",
        "3": "",
        "4": "whisper"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German rūne (“whisper”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "rūne",
        "3": "",
        "4": "whisper"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German rūne (“whisper”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰",
        "t": "secret",
        "tr": "rūna"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*rewH-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "dig",
        "pos": "a root"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *rewH- (“dig”, a root)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Rune"
      },
      "expansion": "German Rune",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "runa"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish runa",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō, whence also Old English rūn (“secret, runic letter”), Old Saxon rūna (Middle Low German rūne (“whisper”)), Middle High German rūne (“whisper”), Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret”). Or from the Proto-Indo-European *rewH- (“dig”, a root). Compare German Rune and Swedish runa.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rúnar",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnar",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnir",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "non-decl-f-o",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ō-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rún",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnir",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnarnar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnirnar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rún",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnina",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnir",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnarnar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnirnar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rún",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúninni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnunum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnarinnar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnanna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "rún f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "rúnar",
        "3": "rúnar",
        "pl2": "rúnir"
      },
      "expansion": "rún f (genitive rúnar, plural rúnar or rúnir)",
      "name": "non-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rún",
        "2": "rún",
        "apd": "rúnarnar, rúnirnar",
        "api": "rúnar, rúnir",
        "npd": "rúnarnar, rúnirnar",
        "npi": "rúnar, rúnir"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-f-o"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "apd": "rúnarnar, rúnirnar",
        "api": "rúnar, rúnir",
        "asd": "rúnina",
        "asi": "rún",
        "dpd": "rúnunum",
        "dpi": "rúnum",
        "dsd": "rúninni",
        "dsi": "rún",
        "g": "feminine",
        "gpd": "rúnanna",
        "gpi": "rúna",
        "gsd": "rúnarinnar",
        "gsi": "rúnar",
        "notes": "",
        "npd": "rúnarnar, rúnirnar",
        "npi": "rúnar, rúnir",
        "nsd": "rúnin",
        "nsi": "rún",
        "stem": "strong ō-stem",
        "title": "rún"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-blank-full"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rún",
        "2": "nsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnin",
        "2": "nsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnar, rúnir",
        "2": "npi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnarnar, rúnirnar",
        "2": "npd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rún",
        "2": "asi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnina",
        "2": "asd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnar, rúnir",
        "2": "api"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnarnar, rúnirnar",
        "2": "apd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rún",
        "2": "dsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúninni",
        "2": "dsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnum",
        "2": "dpi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnunum",
        "2": "dpd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnar",
        "2": "gsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnarinnar",
        "2": "gsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúna",
        "2": "gpi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnanna",
        "2": "gpd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "secret"
      ],
      "id": "en-rún-non-noun-K7gNU3sd",
      "links": [
        [
          "secret",
          "secret"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 95",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rune"
      ],
      "id": "en-rún-non-noun-3Nab7XCo",
      "links": [
        [
          "rune",
          "rune"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "english": "run",
      "word": "ᚱᚢᚾ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "runaʀ",
      "word": "plural: ᚱᚢᚾᛅᛦ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "runiʀ",
      "word": "ᚱᚢᚾᛁᛦ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "runąʀ",
      "word": "ᚱᚢᚾᚬᛦ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rún"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Norse feminine nouns",
    "Old Norse lemmas",
    "Old Norse nouns",
    "Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Norse",
    "Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Norse",
    "Old Norse ō-stem nouns",
    "Pages with 7 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "victory rune",
      "word": "sigrún"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "rún",
            "g": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: rún f",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: rún f"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "rún",
            "g": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: rún f",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: rún f"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "run<g:f>",
            "3": "runer<g:f-p><qq:← rúnir>",
            "4": ";",
            "5": "rón<q:dialectal><g:f>",
            "6": "rjon<alt:rjón><g:n>"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: run f, runer f pl (← rúnir); (dialectal) rón f, rjón n",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: run f, runer f pl (← rúnir); (dialectal) rón f, rjón n"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-osw",
            "2": "run",
            "3": "runa",
            "alt": "rūn",
            "alt2": "rūna"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Swedish: rūn, rūna",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Swedish: rūn, rūna"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "runa",
            "g": "c,f"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: runa c or f",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: runa c or f"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-oda",
            "2": "rune"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Danish: rune",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Danish: rune"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "rune<g:c><qq:partially through artificial revival>",
            "3": "runer<g:p>"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: rune c (partially through artificial revival), runer pl",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: rune c (partially through artificial revival), runer pl"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nb",
            "2": "rune",
            "g": "mf"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: rune m or f",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian Bokmål: rune m or f"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nn",
            "2": "rune<g:f>",
            "3": "runa<g:f>",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: rune f, runa f",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: rune f, runa f"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Rune",
            "bor": "1",
            "g": "f"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: Rune f",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: Rune f"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "rune",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dutch: rune",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dutch: rune"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "rune",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: rune\n→ Mandarin: 盧恩/卢恩 (lú'ēn)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: rune\n→ Mandarin: 盧恩/卢恩 (lú'ēn)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gmq-pro",
        "3": "ᚱᚢᚾᛟ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*rūnō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rūnō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "rūn",
        "3": "",
        "4": "secret, runic letter"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English rūn (“secret, runic letter”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osx",
        "2": "rūna"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Saxon rūna",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "rūne",
        "3": "",
        "4": "whisper"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German rūne (“whisper”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "rūne",
        "3": "",
        "4": "whisper"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German rūne (“whisper”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰",
        "t": "secret",
        "tr": "rūna"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*rewH-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "dig",
        "pos": "a root"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *rewH- (“dig”, a root)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Rune"
      },
      "expansion": "German Rune",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "runa"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish runa",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō, whence also Old English rūn (“secret, runic letter”), Old Saxon rūna (Middle Low German rūne (“whisper”)), Middle High German rūne (“whisper”), Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret”). Or from the Proto-Indo-European *rewH- (“dig”, a root). Compare German Rune and Swedish runa.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "rúnar",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnar",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnir",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "non-decl-f-o",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ō-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rún",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnin",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnir",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnarnar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnirnar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rún",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnina",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnir",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnarnar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnirnar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rún",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúninni",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnunum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "definite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnarinnar",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rúnanna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "definite",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "nouns",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "rún f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "rúnar",
        "3": "rúnar",
        "pl2": "rúnir"
      },
      "expansion": "rún f (genitive rúnar, plural rúnar or rúnir)",
      "name": "non-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rún",
        "2": "rún",
        "apd": "rúnarnar, rúnirnar",
        "api": "rúnar, rúnir",
        "npd": "rúnarnar, rúnirnar",
        "npi": "rúnar, rúnir"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-f-o"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "apd": "rúnarnar, rúnirnar",
        "api": "rúnar, rúnir",
        "asd": "rúnina",
        "asi": "rún",
        "dpd": "rúnunum",
        "dpi": "rúnum",
        "dsd": "rúninni",
        "dsi": "rún",
        "g": "feminine",
        "gpd": "rúnanna",
        "gpi": "rúna",
        "gsd": "rúnarinnar",
        "gsi": "rúnar",
        "notes": "",
        "npd": "rúnarnar, rúnirnar",
        "npi": "rúnar, rúnir",
        "nsd": "rúnin",
        "nsi": "rún",
        "stem": "strong ō-stem",
        "title": "rún"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-blank-full"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rún",
        "2": "nsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnin",
        "2": "nsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnar, rúnir",
        "2": "npi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnarnar, rúnirnar",
        "2": "npd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rún",
        "2": "asi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnina",
        "2": "asd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnar, rúnir",
        "2": "api"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnarnar, rúnirnar",
        "2": "apd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rún",
        "2": "dsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúninni",
        "2": "dsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnum",
        "2": "dpi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnunum",
        "2": "dpd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnar",
        "2": "gsi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnarinnar",
        "2": "gsd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúna",
        "2": "gpi"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rúnanna",
        "2": "gpd"
      },
      "name": "non-decl-cell"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Norse",
  "lang_code": "non",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "secret"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "secret",
          "secret"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rune"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rune",
          "rune"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "english": "run",
      "word": "ᚱᚢᚾ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "runaʀ",
      "word": "plural: ᚱᚢᚾᛅᛦ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "runiʀ",
      "word": "ᚱᚢᚾᛁᛦ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "runąʀ",
      "word": "ᚱᚢᚾᚬᛦ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "rún"
}

Download raw JSONL data for rún meaning in Old Norse (9.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Norse dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.