See lichen on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "antilichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Evernia cladonia",
"word": "antler lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "Ascholichenes",
"word": "ascolichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Sphaerophorus",
"word": "ball lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "Basidolichenes",
"word": "basidolichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Usnea barbata",
"word": "beard lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "blister lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Cladonia cristella",
"word": "British soldiers lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "byssoid lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cephalolichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chlorolichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Acarospora",
"word": "cobblestone lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Sphaerophorus",
"word": "coral lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "corticolous lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Acarospora",
"word": "cracked lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crustose lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crustose placodioid lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Cladonia spp.",
"word": "cup lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "cyanolichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "Discolichenes",
"word": "discolichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Peltigera canina",
"word": "dog lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Chrysothrix or Lepraria spp.",
"word": "dust lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Baeomyces",
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"word": "earth lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "edible lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "endolithic lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "epiphyllous lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "equine tropical lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "filamentous lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Caloplaca",
"word": "firedot lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "foliose lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fruticose lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Collemataceae",
"word": "gelatinous lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "globe lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Glyphis spp.",
"word": "glyphis lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Caloplaca",
"word": "gold lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "horsehair lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Alectoria",
"word": "horsetail lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Cetraria islandica",
"word": "Iceland lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "jelly lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Caloplaca",
"word": "jewel lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "leaf lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lecanorine lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "leprose lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Graphis",
"word": "letter lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenaceous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichened"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenicolous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "licheniform"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenism"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenist"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenivorous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenize"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenlike"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichen moth"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenographer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenographic"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenographical"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenographist"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenography"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenoid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenologist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenology"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenometry"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenose"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichenous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichen planus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lichen sclerosus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "licheny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Sticta pulmonacea",
"word": "lung lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "macrolichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "Gyrophora esculenta",
"taxonomic": "Lecanora spp.",
"word": "manna lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Rhizocarpon geographicum",
"word": "map lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Caloplaca",
"word": "orange lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pin lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Cladonia rangiferina",
"word": "reindeer lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Lecanora, Squamarina",
"word": "rim lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "saxicolous lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Graphis scripta",
"word": "script lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Cetraria nivalis",
"word": "snow lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "squamulose lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stone lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "string-of-sausage lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Xanthoria, Xanthoparmelia",
"word": "sunburst lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "terricolous lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Peltigera apthosa",
"word": "thrush lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tropical lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tube lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vagrant lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "Wilson's lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "wolf lichen"
}
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],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin līchēn, from Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn), from λείχω (leíkhō, “to lick”). Originally used of liverwort; the modern sense first recorded 1715.",
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"ref": "1894 May, Rudyard Kipling, “Lukannon”, in The Jungle Book, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published June 1894, →OCLC, page 122:",
"text": "The Beaches of Lukannon–the winter wheat so tall, / The dripping, crinkled lichens, and the sea-fog drenching all!",
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{
"ref": "1895 May 7, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, chapter XI, in The Time Machine: An Invention, New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "It was the same rich green that one sees on forest moss or on the lichen in caves: plants which like these grow in a perpetual twilight.",
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{
"ref": "1915, John Muir, chapter V, in Travels in Alaska:",
"text": "The nibble marks of the stone adze were still visible, though crusted over with scale lichens in most places.",
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],
"glosses": [
"Any of many symbiotic organisms, being associations of algae and fungi, often found as white or yellow-to-blue–green patches on rocks, old walls, etc."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"sense": "symbiotic organism",
"word": "macrolichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"sense": "symbiotic organism",
"word": "microlichen"
}
],
"id": "en-lichen-en-noun-KPvhyrN-",
"links": [
[
"symbiotic",
"symbiotic"
],
[
"organism",
"organism"
],
[
"association",
"association"
],
[
"alga",
"alga"
],
[
"fungi",
"fungus"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "liken"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔušna",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "أُشْنَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥazāz",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَزَاز"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kʻarakʻos",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "քարաքոս"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "şibyə"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "liken"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "lišáj",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ліша́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "lišájnik",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ліша́йнік"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śōibal",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "শৈবাল"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "líšej",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ли́шей"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "lesuik",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "လေသိုက်"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "liquen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìyī",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "地衣"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lišejník"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lav"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "korstmos"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "likeno"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "samblik"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skón"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "jäkälä"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "lichil"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orcelo"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orco"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calquizo"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ouricela"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escamenta"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lique"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "likeni",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "ლიქენი"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Flechte"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "leichína",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "λειχήνα"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "leikhḗn",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "λειχήν"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "khazazít",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "חֲזָזִית"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "lāiken",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "लाइकेन"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "śaivāk",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "शैवाक"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "śaik",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "शैक"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kāī",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "काई"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "zuzmó"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "flétta"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skóf"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "kangassammal"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "kantosammal"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "léicean"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lichene"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"alt": "ちいるい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chiirui",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "地衣類"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qyna",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "қына"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kaʼvĕəʼkaap",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "កវកាប្យ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jiuiryu",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "지의류"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "eŋilcek",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "эңилчек"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "phāk",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "ຜາກ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "līchēn"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ķērpis"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kerpės"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "lišaj",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лишај"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "kulampair"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "liken"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "pukoko"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "hawa"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "dagaḍphūl",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "दगडफूल"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "dhoṇḍphūl",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "धोंडफूल"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "phattarphūl",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "फत्तरफूल"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "girīpuṣpak",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "गिरीपुष्पक"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "śailaj",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "शैलज"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xag övs",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "хаг өвс"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "qag ebesü",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠬᠠᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "dláád"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "lav"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lav"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ragu"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "mantar",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "مانطار"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "taş mantarı",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "طاش مانطاری"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "golsang",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "گلسنگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "porost"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "liszaj"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "líquen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lichen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lišájnik",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лиша́йник"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lišáj",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лиша́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ли̏ша̄ј"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "lȉšāj"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cjs",
"lang": "Shor",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "сырынма"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lišajník"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "lišaj"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "lišawa"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "liquen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lav"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "ligbus"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "gulsang",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "гулсанг"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "lişaynik",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "лишайник"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dtà-krâi",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "ตะไคร่"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dtà-krâi-náam",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "ตะไคร่น้ำ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "mɔ́ɔt",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "หญ้าม็อส"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "liken"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lyšájnyk",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лиша́йник"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "ušna",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "اشنہ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "mux",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "مۇخ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "lishaynik"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "địa y"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 11 31 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 10 32 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1912 January, Zane Grey, “Shadows on the Sage-slope”, in Riders of the Purple Sage […], New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC, page 202:",
"text": "Meanwhile, abiding a day of judgment, she fought ceaselessly to deny the bitter drops in her cup, to tear back the slow, the intangibly slow growth of a hot, corrosive lichen eating into her heart.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something which gradually spreads across something else, causing damage."
],
"id": "en-lichen-en-noun--EXJC5d-",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Something which gradually spreads across something else, causing damage."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cancer"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "lī'kən"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪ.kən/"
},
{
"enpr": "lĭ'chən"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɪtʃ.ən/"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-lichen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/En-uk-lichen.ogg/En-uk-lichen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/En-uk-lichen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪkən"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtʃən"
},
{
"homophone": "liken"
},
{
"homophone": "lycan"
}
],
"word": "lichen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leyǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "lichen"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin lichen",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grc",
"3": "λειχήν"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin lichen, from Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lichens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "lichen m (plural lichens)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Lichens",
"orig": "fr:Lichens",
"parents": [
"Algae",
"Fungi",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lichen plan"
},
{
"word": "lichénique"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lichen"
],
"id": "en-lichen-fr-noun-RiWoH2LQ",
"links": [
[
"lichen",
"lichen#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/li.kɛn/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-lichen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/Fr-lichen.ogg/Fr-lichen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Fr-lichen.ogg"
}
],
"word": "lichen"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "līchēnifōrmis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lichen"
},
"expansion": "English: lichen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lichen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "lichen"
},
"expansion": "French: lichen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: lichen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "líquen"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: líquen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: líquen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "liquen"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: liquen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: liquen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leyǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "λειχήν"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "līchēn",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnos",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((līchēn<3.Greek>,līchēn<3>))",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "līchēn m (genitive līchēnos or līchēnis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((līchēn<3.Greek>,līchēn<3>))"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "līchēna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "līchēnicos"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 11 31 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 10 32 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "58 21 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 27 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a cryptogamic species of vegetation growing on trees, lichen"
],
"id": "en-lichen-la-noun-lC7Fqm9E",
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally) a cryptogamic species of vegetation growing on trees, lichen"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"literally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "la:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "38 11 31 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 10 32 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 27 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an eruption on the skin of men and beasts, a tetter, ringworm"
],
"id": "en-lichen-la-noun-2A~KUNj2",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense, medicine) an eruption on the skin of men and beasts, a tetter, ringworm"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "la:Medicine",
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"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "38 11 31 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 10 32 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 27 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an eruption on the skin of men and beasts, a tetter, ringworm",
"a callous excrescence upon the leg of a horse, used as a medicine"
],
"id": "en-lichen-la-noun-3gAmUfvA",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense, medicine) an eruption on the skin of men and beasts, a tetter, ringworm",
"(and especially) a callous excrescence upon the leg of a horse, used as a medicine"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"especially"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliː.kʰeːn/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlʲiːkʰeːn]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈli.ken/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈliːken]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "lichen"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "licht",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gelicht",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hunn",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "lichen (third-person singular present licht, past participle gelicht, auxiliary verb hunn)",
"name": "lb-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luxembourgish verbs using hunn as auxiliary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to kick out, to throw out, to sack"
],
"id": "en-lichen-lb-verb-0WlmUUpr",
"links": [
[
"kick out",
"kick out"
],
[
"throw out",
"throw out"
],
[
"sack",
"sack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang) to kick out, to throw out, to sack"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "erausgeheien"
},
{
"word": "lanteren"
},
{
"word": "schassen"
},
{
"english": "a little",
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"word": "to lift"
},
{
"tags": [
"reflexive",
"slang"
],
"word": "to get up"
},
{
"english": "as a guest",
"word": "to leave"
},
{
"word": "to get to one's feet"
},
{
"english": "fog, mist",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
],
"word": "to lift"
},
{
"word": "sech hiewen"
}
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"word": "lichen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "lichen"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French lichen",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French lichen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "licheni",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lichen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un lichen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lichenul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "licheni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște licheni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lichenii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lichen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui lichen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lichenului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "licheni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor licheni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lichenilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lichenule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lichenilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "licheni"
},
"expansion": "lichen m (plural licheni)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"gpd": "lichenilor",
"gpi": "licheni",
"gsd": "lichenului",
"gsi": "lichen",
"n": "",
"npd": "lichenii",
"npi": "licheni",
"nsd": "lichenul",
"nsi": "lichen",
"vp": "lichenilor",
"vs": "lichenule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lichen"
],
"id": "en-lichen-ro-noun-RiWoH2LQ",
"links": [
[
"lichen",
"lichen#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "lichen"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English indeclinable nouns",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leyǵʰ-",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (family)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (genus)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (subclass)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aɪkən",
"Rhymes:English/aɪkən/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɪtʃən",
"Rhymes:English/ɪtʃən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Burmese translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Lao translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Navajo translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Old English translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Shor translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Tatar translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uyghur translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"en:Lichens"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "antilichen"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Evernia cladonia",
"word": "antler lichen"
},
{
"alt": "Ascholichenes",
"word": "ascolichen"
},
{
"english": "Sphaerophorus",
"word": "ball lichen"
},
{
"alt": "Basidolichenes",
"word": "basidolichen"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Usnea barbata",
"word": "beard lichen"
},
{
"word": "blister lichen"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Cladonia cristella",
"word": "British soldiers lichen"
},
{
"word": "byssoid lichen"
},
{
"word": "cephalolichen"
},
{
"word": "chlorolichen"
},
{
"english": "Acarospora",
"word": "cobblestone lichen"
},
{
"english": "Sphaerophorus",
"word": "coral lichen"
},
{
"word": "corticolous lichen"
},
{
"english": "Acarospora",
"word": "cracked lichen"
},
{
"word": "crustose lichen"
},
{
"word": "crustose placodioid lichen"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Cladonia spp.",
"word": "cup lichen"
},
{
"word": "cyanolichen"
},
{
"alt": "Discolichenes",
"word": "discolichen"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Peltigera canina",
"word": "dog lichen"
},
{
"english": "Chrysothrix or Lepraria spp.",
"word": "dust lichen"
},
{
"english": "Baeomyces",
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"word": "earth lichen"
},
{
"word": "edible lichen"
},
{
"word": "endolithic lichen"
},
{
"word": "epiphyllous lichen"
},
{
"word": "equine tropical lichen"
},
{
"word": "filamentous lichen"
},
{
"english": "Caloplaca",
"word": "firedot lichen"
},
{
"word": "foliose lichen"
},
{
"word": "fruticose lichen"
},
{
"english": "Collemataceae",
"word": "gelatinous lichen"
},
{
"word": "globe lichen"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Glyphis spp.",
"word": "glyphis lichen"
},
{
"english": "Caloplaca",
"word": "gold lichen"
},
{
"word": "horsehair lichen"
},
{
"english": "Alectoria",
"word": "horsetail lichen"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Cetraria islandica",
"word": "Iceland lichen"
},
{
"word": "jelly lichen"
},
{
"english": "Caloplaca",
"word": "jewel lichen"
},
{
"word": "leaf lichen"
},
{
"word": "lecanorine lichen"
},
{
"word": "leprose lichen"
},
{
"english": "Graphis",
"word": "letter lichen"
},
{
"word": "lichenaceous"
},
{
"word": "lichenal"
},
{
"word": "lichened"
},
{
"word": "lichenic"
},
{
"word": "lichenicolous"
},
{
"word": "licheniform"
},
{
"word": "lichenin"
},
{
"word": "lichenism"
},
{
"word": "lichenist"
},
{
"word": "lichenivorous"
},
{
"word": "lichenization"
},
{
"word": "lichenize"
},
{
"word": "lichenless"
},
{
"word": "lichenlike"
},
{
"word": "lichen moth"
},
{
"word": "lichenographer"
},
{
"word": "lichenographic"
},
{
"word": "lichenographical"
},
{
"word": "lichenographist"
},
{
"word": "lichenography"
},
{
"word": "lichenoid"
},
{
"word": "lichenologist"
},
{
"word": "lichenology"
},
{
"word": "lichenometry"
},
{
"word": "lichenose"
},
{
"word": "lichenous"
},
{
"word": "lichen planus"
},
{
"word": "lichen sclerosus"
},
{
"word": "licheny"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Sticta pulmonacea",
"word": "lung lichen"
},
{
"word": "macrolichen"
},
{
"alt": "Gyrophora esculenta",
"taxonomic": "Lecanora spp.",
"word": "manna lichen"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Rhizocarpon geographicum",
"word": "map lichen"
},
{
"english": "Caloplaca",
"word": "orange lichen"
},
{
"word": "pin lichen"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Cladonia rangiferina",
"word": "reindeer lichen"
},
{
"english": "Lecanora, Squamarina",
"word": "rim lichen"
},
{
"word": "saxicolous lichen"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Graphis scripta",
"word": "script lichen"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Cetraria nivalis",
"word": "snow lichen"
},
{
"word": "squamulose lichen"
},
{
"word": "stone lichen"
},
{
"word": "string-of-sausage lichen"
},
{
"english": "Xanthoria, Xanthoparmelia",
"word": "sunburst lichen"
},
{
"word": "terricolous lichen"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Peltigera apthosa",
"word": "thrush lichen"
},
{
"word": "tropical lichen"
},
{
"word": "tube lichen"
},
{
"word": "vagrant lichen"
},
{
"word": "Wilson's lichen"
},
{
"word": "wolf lichen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leyǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "līchēn"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin līchēn",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "λειχήν"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin līchēn, from Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn), from λείχω (leíkhō, “to lick”). Originally used of liverwort; the modern sense first recorded 1715.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lichens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lichen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"2": "s",
"3": "lichen"
},
"expansion": "lichen (countable and uncountable, plural lichens or lichen)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"sense": "symbiotic organism",
"word": "macrolichen"
},
{
"sense": "symbiotic organism",
"word": "microlichen"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "algae"
},
{
"word": "fungus"
},
{
"word": "Iceland moss"
},
{
"word": "moss"
},
{
"word": "reindeer moss"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1894 May, Rudyard Kipling, “Lukannon”, in The Jungle Book, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published June 1894, →OCLC, page 122:",
"text": "The Beaches of Lukannon–the winter wheat so tall, / The dripping, crinkled lichens, and the sea-fog drenching all!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895 May 7, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, chapter XI, in The Time Machine: An Invention, New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "It was the same rich green that one sees on forest moss or on the lichen in caves: plants which like these grow in a perpetual twilight.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1915, John Muir, chapter V, in Travels in Alaska:",
"text": "The nibble marks of the stone adze were still visible, though crusted over with scale lichens in most places.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of many symbiotic organisms, being associations of algae and fungi, often found as white or yellow-to-blue–green patches on rocks, old walls, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"symbiotic",
"symbiotic"
],
[
"organism",
"organism"
],
[
"association",
"association"
],
[
"alga",
"alga"
],
[
"fungi",
"fungus"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1912 January, Zane Grey, “Shadows on the Sage-slope”, in Riders of the Purple Sage […], New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC, page 202:",
"text": "Meanwhile, abiding a day of judgment, she fought ceaselessly to deny the bitter drops in her cup, to tear back the slow, the intangibly slow growth of a hot, corrosive lichen eating into her heart.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something which gradually spreads across something else, causing damage."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Something which gradually spreads across something else, causing damage."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cancer"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "lī'kən"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪ.kən/"
},
{
"enpr": "lĭ'chən"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɪtʃ.ən/"
},
{
"audio": "en-uk-lichen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/En-uk-lichen.ogg/En-uk-lichen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/En-uk-lichen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪkən"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪtʃən"
},
{
"homophone": "liken"
},
{
"homophone": "lycan"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "liken"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔušna",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "أُشْنَة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḥazāz",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "حَزَاز"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kʻarakʻos",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "քարաքոս"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "şibyə"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "liken"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "lišáj",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ліша́й"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "lišájnik",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ліша́йнік"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "śōibal",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "শৈবাল"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "líšej",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ли́шей"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "lesuik",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "လေသိုက်"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "liquen"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "dìyī",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "地衣"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lišejník"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lav"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "korstmos"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "likeno"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "samblik"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skón"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "jäkälä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lichen"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "lichil"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orcelo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "orco"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calquizo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ouricela"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escamenta"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lique"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "likeni",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "ლიქენი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Flechte"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "leichína",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "λειχήνα"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "leikhḗn",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "λειχήν"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "khazazít",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "חֲזָזִית"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "lāiken",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "लाइकेन"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "śaivāk",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "शैवाक"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "śaik",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "शैक"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kāī",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "काई"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "zuzmó"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "flétta"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "skóf"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "kangassammal"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "kantosammal"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "léicean"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lichene"
},
{
"alt": "ちいるい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "chiirui",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "地衣類"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qyna",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "қына"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kaʼvĕəʼkaap",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "កវកាប្យ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "jiuiryu",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "지의류"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "eŋilcek",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "эңилчек"
},
{
"code": "lo",
"lang": "Lao",
"roman": "phāk",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "ຜາກ"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "līchēn"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ķērpis"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kerpės"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "lišaj",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лишај"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "kulampair"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "liken"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "pukoko"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "hawa"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "dagaḍphūl",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "दगडफूल"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "dhoṇḍphūl",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "धोंडफूल"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "phattarphūl",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "फत्तरफूल"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "girīpuṣpak",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "गिरीपुष्पक"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "śailaj",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "शैलज"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "xag övs",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "хаг өвс"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "qag ebesü",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"Mongolian"
],
"word": "ᠬᠠᠭ ᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "dláád"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "lav"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lav"
},
{
"code": "ang",
"lang": "Old English",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ragu"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "mantar",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "مانطار"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "taş mantarı",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "طاش مانطاری"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "golsang",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "گلسنگ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "porost"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "liszaj"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "líquen"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lichen"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lišájnik",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лиша́йник"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lišáj",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лиша́й"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ли̏ша̄ј"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "lȉšāj"
},
{
"code": "cjs",
"lang": "Shor",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "сырынма"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lišajník"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "lišaj"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "lišawa"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "liquen"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lav"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "ligbus"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "gulsang",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "гулсанг"
},
{
"code": "tt",
"lang": "Tatar",
"roman": "lişaynik",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "лишайник"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dtà-krâi",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "ตะไคร่"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "dtà-krâi-náam",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "ตะไคร่น้ำ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "mɔ́ɔt",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "หญ้าม็อส"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "liken"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "lyšájnyk",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "лиша́йник"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "ušna",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "اشنہ"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "mux",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "مۇخ"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "lishaynik"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"word": "địa y"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "symbiotic association of algae and fungi",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cen"
}
],
"word": "lichen"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "lichen plan"
},
{
"word": "lichénique"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leyǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "lichen"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin lichen",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "grc",
"3": "λειχήν"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin lichen, from Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lichens",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "lichen m (plural lichens)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from Latin",
"French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leyǵʰ-",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"fr:Lichens"
],
"glosses": [
"lichen"
],
"links": [
[
"lichen",
"lichen#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/li.kɛn/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-lichen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d7/Fr-lichen.ogg/Fr-lichen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/Fr-lichen.ogg"
}
],
"word": "lichen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leyǵʰ-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "līchēnifōrmis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lichen"
},
"expansion": "English: lichen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lichen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "lichen"
},
"expansion": "French: lichen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: lichen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "líquen"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: líquen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: líquen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "liquen"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: liquen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: liquen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leyǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "λειχήν"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "līchēn",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnos",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((līchēn<3.Greek>,līchēn<3>))",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "līchēn m (genitive līchēnos or līchēnis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((līchēn<3.Greek>,līchēn<3>))"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "līchēna"
},
{
"word": "līchēnicos"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a cryptogamic species of vegetation growing on trees, lichen"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally) a cryptogamic species of vegetation growing on trees, lichen"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"literally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"an eruption on the skin of men and beasts, a tetter, ringworm"
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense, medicine) an eruption on the skin of men and beasts, a tetter, ringworm"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"an eruption on the skin of men and beasts, a tetter, ringworm",
"a callous excrescence upon the leg of a horse, used as a medicine"
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense, medicine) an eruption on the skin of men and beasts, a tetter, ringworm",
"(and especially) a callous excrescence upon the leg of a horse, used as a medicine"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"especially"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliː.kʰeːn/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlʲiːkʰeːn]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈli.ken/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈliːken]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "lichen"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "licht",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gelicht",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hunn",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "lichen (third-person singular present licht, past participle gelicht, auxiliary verb hunn)",
"name": "lb-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"Luxembourgish lemmas",
"Luxembourgish slang",
"Luxembourgish transitive verbs",
"Luxembourgish verbs",
"Luxembourgish verbs using hunn as auxiliary",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"to kick out, to throw out, to sack"
],
"links": [
[
"kick out",
"kick out"
],
[
"throw out",
"throw out"
],
[
"sack",
"sack"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, slang) to kick out, to throw out, to sack"
],
"tags": [
"slang",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "erausgeheien"
},
{
"word": "lanteren"
},
{
"word": "schassen"
},
{
"english": "a little",
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"word": "to lift"
},
{
"tags": [
"reflexive",
"slang"
],
"word": "to get up"
},
{
"english": "as a guest",
"word": "to leave"
},
{
"word": "to get to one's feet"
},
{
"english": "fog, mist",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
],
"word": "to lift"
},
{
"word": "sech hiewen"
}
],
"word": "lichen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "lichen"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French lichen",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French lichen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "licheni",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lichen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "un lichen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lichenul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "licheni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niște licheni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lichenii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lichen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "unui lichen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lichenului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "licheni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "unor licheni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lichenilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lichenule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lichenilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "licheni"
},
"expansion": "lichen m (plural licheni)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"gpd": "lichenilor",
"gpi": "licheni",
"gsd": "lichenului",
"gsi": "lichen",
"n": "",
"npd": "lichenii",
"npi": "licheni",
"nsd": "lichenul",
"nsi": "lichen",
"vp": "lichenilor",
"vs": "lichenule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian masculine nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French"
],
"glosses": [
"lichen"
],
"links": [
[
"lichen",
"lichen#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "lichen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lichen meaning in All languages combined (33.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.