See lichen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "līchēnifōrmis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "lichen"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "lichen"
},
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "léicean"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "lichene"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "líquen"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "lichen"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "liquen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "grc:λειχήν",
"text": "+",
"title": "līchēn",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *leyǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\nProto-Indo-European *léyǵʰti\nProto-Hellenic *léikʰō\nAncient Greek λείχω (leíkhō)\nAncient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn)bor.\nLatin līchēn\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to lick\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*leyǵʰ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"verb\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*léyǵʰti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*léikʰō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"λείχω\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"λειχήν\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"līchēn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"līchēn\">\nBorrowed from Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *leyǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\nProto-Indo-European *léyǵʰti\nProto-Hellenic *léikʰō\nAncient Greek λείχω (leíkhō)\nAncient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn)bor.\nLatin līchēn\nBorrowed from Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "līchēn",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnos",
"links": [
[
"līchēnos",
"lichenos"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnis",
"links": [
[
"līchēnis",
"lichenis"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēn",
"links": [
[
"līchēn",
"lichen#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnes",
"links": [
[
"līchēnes",
"lichenes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnēs",
"links": [
[
"līchēnēs",
"lichenes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnos",
"links": [
[
"līchēnos",
"lichenos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnis",
"links": [
[
"līchēnis",
"lichenis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnum",
"links": [
[
"līchēnum",
"lichenum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnī",
"links": [
[
"līchēnī",
"licheni#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnibus",
"links": [
[
"līchēnibus",
"lichenibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēna",
"links": [
[
"līchēna",
"lichena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnem",
"links": [
[
"līchēnem",
"lichenem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnas",
"links": [
[
"līchēnas",
"lichenas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnēs",
"links": [
[
"līchēnēs",
"lichenes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēne",
"links": [
[
"līchēne",
"lichene#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnibus",
"links": [
[
"līchēnibus",
"lichenibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēn",
"links": [
[
"līchēn",
"lichen#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnes",
"links": [
[
"līchēnes",
"lichenes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnēs",
"links": [
[
"līchēnēs",
"lichenes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((līchēn<3.Greek>,līchēn<3>))",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "līchēn m (genitive līchēnos or līchēnis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((līchēn<3.Greek>,līchēn<3>))"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "līchēna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "līchēnicos"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 10 11 29 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 10 10 29 10 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 18 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "73 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 19 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 11 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 16 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a cryptogamic species of vegetation growing on trees, lichen"
],
"id": "en-lichen-la-noun-lC7Fqm9E",
"links": [
[
"cryptogamic",
"cryptogamic"
],
[
"vegetation",
"vegetation"
],
[
"lichen",
"lichen#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally) a cryptogamic species of vegetation growing on trees, lichen"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"literally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "la:Medicine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an eruption on the skin of men and beasts, a tetter, ringworm"
],
"id": "en-lichen-la-noun-2A~KUNj2",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"eruption",
"eruption"
],
[
"tetter",
"tetter"
],
[
"ringworm",
"ringworm"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense, medicine) an eruption on the skin of men and beasts, a tetter, ringworm"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "la:Medicine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "34 28 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an eruption on the skin of men and beasts, a tetter, ringworm",
"a callous excrescence upon the leg of a horse, used as a medicine"
],
"id": "en-lichen-la-noun-3gAmUfvA",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"eruption",
"eruption"
],
[
"tetter",
"tetter"
],
[
"ringworm",
"ringworm"
],
[
"callous",
"callous"
],
[
"excrescence",
"excrescence"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense, medicine) an eruption on the skin of men and beasts, a tetter, ringworm",
"(and especially) a callous excrescence upon the leg of a horse, used as a medicine"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"especially"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈliː.kʰeːn]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈliː.ken]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "lichen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymology texts",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leyǵʰ-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "līchēnifōrmis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "lichen"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "lichen"
},
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "léicean"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "lichene"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "líquen"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "lichen"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "liquen"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "grc:λειχήν",
"text": "+",
"title": "līchēn",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *leyǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\nProto-Indo-European *léyǵʰti\nProto-Hellenic *léikʰō\nAncient Greek λείχω (leíkhō)\nAncient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn)bor.\nLatin līchēn\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"to lick\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*leyǵʰ-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"verb\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*léyǵʰti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Hellenic\", \"term\" : \"*léikʰō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"grk-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"λείχω\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"λειχήν\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"līchēn\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"līchēn\">\nBorrowed from Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *leyǵʰ-\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\nProto-Indo-European *léyǵʰti\nProto-Hellenic *léikʰō\nAncient Greek λείχω (leíkhō)\nAncient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn)bor.\nLatin līchēn\nBorrowed from Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "līchēn",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnos",
"links": [
[
"līchēnos",
"lichenos"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnis",
"links": [
[
"līchēnis",
"lichenis"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēn",
"links": [
[
"līchēn",
"lichen#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnes",
"links": [
[
"līchēnes",
"lichenes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnēs",
"links": [
[
"līchēnēs",
"lichenes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnos",
"links": [
[
"līchēnos",
"lichenos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnis",
"links": [
[
"līchēnis",
"lichenis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnum",
"links": [
[
"līchēnum",
"lichenum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnī",
"links": [
[
"līchēnī",
"licheni#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnibus",
"links": [
[
"līchēnibus",
"lichenibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēna",
"links": [
[
"līchēna",
"lichena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnem",
"links": [
[
"līchēnem",
"lichenem#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnas",
"links": [
[
"līchēnas",
"lichenas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnēs",
"links": [
[
"līchēnēs",
"lichenes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēne",
"links": [
[
"līchēne",
"lichene#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnibus",
"links": [
[
"līchēnibus",
"lichenibus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēn",
"links": [
[
"līchēn",
"lichen#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnes",
"links": [
[
"līchēnes",
"lichenes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "līchēnēs",
"links": [
[
"līchēnēs",
"lichenes#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((līchēn<3.Greek>,līchēn<3>))",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "līchēn m (genitive līchēnos or līchēnis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((līchēn<3.Greek>,līchēn<3>))"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "līchēna"
},
{
"word": "līchēnicos"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a cryptogamic species of vegetation growing on trees, lichen"
],
"links": [
[
"cryptogamic",
"cryptogamic"
],
[
"vegetation",
"vegetation"
],
[
"lichen",
"lichen#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally) a cryptogamic species of vegetation growing on trees, lichen"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"literally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"an eruption on the skin of men and beasts, a tetter, ringworm"
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"eruption",
"eruption"
],
[
"tetter",
"tetter"
],
[
"ringworm",
"ringworm"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense, medicine) an eruption on the skin of men and beasts, a tetter, ringworm"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"an eruption on the skin of men and beasts, a tetter, ringworm",
"a callous excrescence upon the leg of a horse, used as a medicine"
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"eruption",
"eruption"
],
[
"tetter",
"tetter"
],
[
"ringworm",
"ringworm"
],
[
"callous",
"callous"
],
[
"excrescence",
"excrescence"
],
[
"horse",
"horse"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense, medicine) an eruption on the skin of men and beasts, a tetter, ringworm",
"(and especially) a callous excrescence upon the leg of a horse, used as a medicine"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"especially"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈliː.kʰeːn]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈliː.ken]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "lichen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lichen meaning in Latin (7.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.