See 研 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 研 meaning in All languages combined (19.8kB)
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w"
},
{
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"name": "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"研 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一口一廿 (MRMT), four-corner 1164₀, composition ⿰石开)"
],
"id": "en-研-mul-character-So-3q2J1",
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"石",
"石#Translingual"
],
[
"开",
"开#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"related": [
{
"alt": "Original form of 研",
"word": "硏"
}
]
}
],
"word": "研"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "Zhōngyán",
"word": "中研"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "作業研究"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "作业研究"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "gè'àn yánjiū",
"word": "個案研究"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "gè'àn yánjiū",
"word": "个案研究"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "學術研究"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "学术研究"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "工研院"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "極深研幾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "极深研几"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "焚研"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研京練都"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研京练都"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánxiū",
"word": "研修"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánpàn",
"word": "研判"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánshāng",
"word": "研商"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研幾探賾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研几探赜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研幾析理"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研几析理"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánnǐ",
"word": "研擬"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánnǐ",
"word": "研拟"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研末"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研析"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研桑心計"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研桑心计"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研深覃精"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánfā",
"word": "研發"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánfā",
"word": "研发"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánmó",
"word": "研磨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánmójī",
"word": "研磨機"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánmójī",
"word": "研磨机"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánjiū",
"word": "研究"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánjiūyuán",
"word": "研究員"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánjiūyuán",
"word": "研究员"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研究室"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánjiūsuǒ",
"word": "研究所"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánjiūshēng",
"word": "研究生"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánjiūyuàn",
"word": "研究院"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研窮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研穷"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研精苦思"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研精覃奧"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研精覃奥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研精覃思"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研精鉤深"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研精钩深"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研精靜慮"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研精静虑"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研經鑄史"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研经铸史"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánxí",
"word": "研習"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánxí",
"word": "研习"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研習營"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研习营"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研習班"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研习班"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánzhì",
"word": "研製"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánzhì",
"word": "研制"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研覈"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研訂"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研订"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研討"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研讨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研詰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研诘"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研議"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "研议"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yándú",
"word": "研讀"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yándú",
"word": "研读"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "yánmò",
"word": "研墨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jīngyán",
"word": "精研"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "kǎoyán",
"word": "考研"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "dúyán",
"word": "讀研"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "dúyán",
"word": "读研"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "zuānyán",
"word": "鑽研"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "zuānyán",
"word": "钻研"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "研",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to grind; to rub; to sharpen"
],
"id": "en-研-zh-character-jtDYooUU",
"links": [
[
"grind",
"grind"
],
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"sharpen",
"sharpen"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to investigate; to study; to research"
],
"id": "en-研-zh-character-jz3czejq",
"links": [
[
"investigate",
"investigate"
],
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"research",
"research"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "究"
}
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "yánjiūshēng, “postgraduate studies or student”",
"word": "研究生"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 5 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Short for 研究生 (yánjiūshēng, “postgraduate studies or student”)."
],
"id": "en-研-zh-character-cAWbOfHJ",
"links": [
[
"研究生",
"研究生#Chinese"
],
[
"postgraduate",
"postgraduate"
],
[
"studies",
"studies"
],
[
"student",
"student"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "nyian¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "ngaan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "nyien³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ie¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngǎing"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngiēng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gián"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "géng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "ngúi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "ngái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiang²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngoin²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹gni"
},
{
"zh-pron": "nyienn¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "янь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "janʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "nian"
},
{
"ipa": "/nʲiɛn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yìhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "ngàahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ngaan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "yin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋaːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "nyien³"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲiɛn²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngien´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "ngân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ie¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ie¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "ngǎing"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋaiŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gián"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "giern"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gíng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "geang"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɪŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɪŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tainan",
"Xiamen",
"Yilan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "nguí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "nguie"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋuĩ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Lukang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋuĩ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "garn"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡan⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "ngái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "ngae"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋãi⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kinmen",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiéng"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngóiⁿ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋõĩ⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹gni"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "'nyi^平"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹'nyi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/n̠ʲi⁵³/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Xiang"
],
"zh-pron": "nyienn¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲi̯ẽ³³/",
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiang"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "ngenH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[ŋ]ˤe[r]/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ŋɡeːn/"
},
{
"other": "/ ngiên /"
},
{
"other": "/ géng /"
},
{
"other": "/ gán /"
},
{
"other": "/ ngiang² /"
},
{
"other": "/ ngiang⁵ /"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nʲiɛn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋaːn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲiɛn²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ie¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋaiŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɪŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋuĩ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋuĩ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡan⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋãi⁵³/"
},
{
"other": "/nguí/"
},
{
"other": "/ ngiang² /"
},
{
"other": "/ ngiang⁵ /"
},
{
"other": "/ ngiáng /"
},
{
"other": "/ ngiâng /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋõĩ⁵²/"
},
{
"other": "/ngiang2/"
},
{
"other": "/ngiang5 - literary (ngiêng2/"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲi⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲi̯ẽ³³/"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ]"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "/*ŋɡeːn/"
}
],
"word": "研"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kengaku",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "研学"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kensan",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"鑽",
"さん"
]
],
"word": "研鑽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "研磨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kenma",
"word": "研摩"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "yagen",
"ruby": [
[
"薬",
"や"
],
[
"研",
"げん"
]
],
"word": "薬研"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 26 18 7 24",
"english": "researcher",
"roman": "kenkyūsha",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"究",
"きゅう"
],
[
"者",
"しゃ"
]
],
"sense": "研究 (kenkyū): research, investigate",
"word": "研究者"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 26 18 7 24",
"english": "laboratory",
"roman": "kenkyūshitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"究",
"きゅう"
],
[
"室",
"しつ"
]
],
"sense": "研究 (kenkyū): research, investigate",
"word": "研究室"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 26 18 7 24",
"english": "research fellow, lab worker",
"roman": "kenkyūin",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"究",
"きゅう"
],
[
"員",
"いん"
]
],
"sense": "研究 (kenkyū): research, investigate",
"word": "研究員"
},
{
"_dis1": "24 26 18 7 24",
"english": "research institute",
"roman": "kenkyūsho",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"究",
"きゅう"
],
[
"所",
"しょ"
]
],
"sense": "研究 (kenkyū): research, investigate",
"word": "研究所"
},
{
"_dis1": "33 0 22 9 36",
"english": "trainee",
"roman": "kenshūsei",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"修",
"しゅう"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
]
],
"sense": "研修 (kenshū): training, induction",
"word": "研修生"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "硏",
"tags": [
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to polish"
],
"id": "en-研-ja-character-VEfMihI3",
"links": [
[
"polish",
"polish"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "磨"
}
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji",
"shinjitai"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"study of ..."
],
"id": "en-研-ja-character-8LB8NumN",
"links": [
[
"study",
"study"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji",
"shinjitai"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to sharpen"
],
"id": "en-研-ja-character-Qek0OndZ",
"links": [
[
"sharpen",
"sharpen"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji",
"shinjitai"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 7 13 37 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grade 3 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 0 4 53 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 0 3 68 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 0 3 66 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inkstone"
],
"id": "en-研-ja-character-c2LH-JEt",
"links": [
[
"inkstone",
"inkstone"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "硯"
}
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji",
"shinjitai"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-研-ja-character-v2O7m9sM",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji",
"shinjitai"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Japanese_language"
],
"word": "研"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "갈 연",
"roman": "gal yeon",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "갈다",
"2": "갈",
"3": "연"
},
"expansion": "研 (eumhun 갈 연 (gal yeon))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(“Hanja form of 연 (“grinding”).”)",
"word": "硏"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 硏 (“Hanja form of 연 (“grinding”).”)"
],
"id": "en-研-ko-character-3xdXgpkP",
"links": [
[
"硏",
"硏#Korean"
],
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"연",
"연#Korean"
],
[
"grinding",
"grinding"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "研"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "研: Hán Việt readings: nghiên",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "nghiễn 研: Nôm readings: nghiên",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "nghiền",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "nghiện",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tên",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of nghiên (“to study, to research”)."
],
"id": "en-研-vi-character-dO0TJydD",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"nghiên",
"nghiên#Vietnamese"
],
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"research",
"research"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Nom",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "28 72",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Nom",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nôm form of nghiền (“to grind”)."
],
"id": "en-研-vi-character-WLuGZ6h2",
"links": [
[
"Nôm",
"chữ Nôm#Vietnamese"
],
[
"nghiền",
"nghiền#Vietnamese"
],
[
"grind",
"grind"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "研"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Northern Min lemmas",
"Northern Min verbs",
"Old Chinese lemmas"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Zhōngyán",
"word": "中研"
},
{
"word": "作業研究"
},
{
"word": "作业研究"
},
{
"roman": "gè'àn yánjiū",
"word": "個案研究"
},
{
"roman": "gè'àn yánjiū",
"word": "个案研究"
},
{
"word": "學術研究"
},
{
"word": "学术研究"
},
{
"word": "工研院"
},
{
"word": "極深研幾"
},
{
"word": "极深研几"
},
{
"word": "焚研"
},
{
"word": "研京練都"
},
{
"word": "研京练都"
},
{
"roman": "yánxiū",
"word": "研修"
},
{
"roman": "yánpàn",
"word": "研判"
},
{
"roman": "yánshāng",
"word": "研商"
},
{
"word": "研幾探賾"
},
{
"word": "研几探赜"
},
{
"word": "研幾析理"
},
{
"word": "研几析理"
},
{
"roman": "yánnǐ",
"word": "研擬"
},
{
"roman": "yánnǐ",
"word": "研拟"
},
{
"word": "研末"
},
{
"word": "研析"
},
{
"word": "研桑心計"
},
{
"word": "研桑心计"
},
{
"word": "研深覃精"
},
{
"roman": "yánfā",
"word": "研發"
},
{
"roman": "yánfā",
"word": "研发"
},
{
"roman": "yánmó",
"word": "研磨"
},
{
"roman": "yánmójī",
"word": "研磨機"
},
{
"roman": "yánmójī",
"word": "研磨机"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiū",
"word": "研究"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūyuán",
"word": "研究員"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūyuán",
"word": "研究员"
},
{
"word": "研究室"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūsuǒ",
"word": "研究所"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūshēng",
"word": "研究生"
},
{
"roman": "yánjiūyuàn",
"word": "研究院"
},
{
"word": "研窮"
},
{
"word": "研穷"
},
{
"word": "研精苦思"
},
{
"word": "研精覃奧"
},
{
"word": "研精覃奥"
},
{
"word": "研精覃思"
},
{
"word": "研精鉤深"
},
{
"word": "研精钩深"
},
{
"word": "研精靜慮"
},
{
"word": "研精静虑"
},
{
"word": "研經鑄史"
},
{
"word": "研经铸史"
},
{
"roman": "yánxí",
"word": "研習"
},
{
"roman": "yánxí",
"word": "研习"
},
{
"word": "研習營"
},
{
"word": "研习营"
},
{
"word": "研習班"
},
{
"word": "研习班"
},
{
"roman": "yánzhì",
"word": "研製"
},
{
"roman": "yánzhì",
"word": "研制"
},
{
"word": "研覈"
},
{
"word": "研訂"
},
{
"word": "研订"
},
{
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研討"
},
{
"roman": "yántǎo",
"word": "研讨"
},
{
"word": "研詰"
},
{
"word": "研诘"
},
{
"word": "研議"
},
{
"word": "研议"
},
{
"roman": "yándú",
"word": "研讀"
},
{
"roman": "yándú",
"word": "研读"
},
{
"roman": "yánmò",
"word": "研墨"
},
{
"roman": "jīngyán",
"word": "精研"
},
{
"roman": "kǎoyán",
"word": "考研"
},
{
"roman": "dúyán",
"word": "讀研"
},
{
"roman": "dúyán",
"word": "读研"
},
{
"roman": "zuānyán",
"word": "鑽研"
},
{
"roman": "zuānyán",
"word": "钻研"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "研",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to grind; to rub; to sharpen"
],
"links": [
[
"grind",
"grind"
],
[
"rub",
"rub"
],
[
"sharpen",
"sharpen"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to investigate; to study; to research"
],
"links": [
[
"investigate",
"investigate"
],
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"research",
"research"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "究"
}
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "yánjiūshēng, “postgraduate studies or student”",
"word": "研究生"
}
],
"categories": [
"Chinese short forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Short for 研究生 (yánjiūshēng, “postgraduate studies or student”)."
],
"links": [
[
"研究生",
"研究生#Chinese"
],
[
"postgraduate",
"postgraduate"
],
[
"studies",
"studies"
],
[
"student",
"student"
]
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yan²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "nyian¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "ngaan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "nyien³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ie¹"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngǎing"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngiēng"
},
{
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gián"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "géng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "ngúi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "ngái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiang²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiang⁵"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngoin²"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹gni"
},
{
"zh-pron": "nyienn¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "yan"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "янь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "janʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "nian"
},
{
"ipa": "/nʲiɛn⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yìhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "ngàahn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "ngaan⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "yin⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋaːn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "nyien³"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲiɛn²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngien´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "ngân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian´"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "ie¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/ie¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "ngǎing"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋaiŋ²¹/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiēng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiĕng"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ³³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gián"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "giern"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei",
"Xiamen",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gíng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "geang"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɪŋ⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɪŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tainan",
"Xiamen",
"Yilan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "nguí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "nguie"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋuĩ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Lukang"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋuĩ⁵⁵⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gán"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "garn"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡan⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "ngái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "ngae"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋãi⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kinmen",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiéng"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiáng"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiâng"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngóiⁿ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋõĩ⁵²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹gni"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "'nyi^平"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹'nyi"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/n̠ʲi⁵³/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Xiang"
],
"zh-pron": "nyienn¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲi̯ẽ³³/",
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiang"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "ngenH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[ŋ]ˤe[r]/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ŋɡeːn/"
},
{
"other": "/ ngiên /"
},
{
"other": "/ géng /"
},
{
"other": "/ gán /"
},
{
"other": "/ ngiang² /"
},
{
"other": "/ ngiang⁵ /"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/nʲiɛn⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋaːn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲiɛn²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁴⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ie¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋaiŋ²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɪŋ⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɪŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋuĩ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋuĩ⁵⁵⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡan⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋãi⁵³/"
},
{
"other": "/nguí/"
},
{
"other": "/ ngiang² /"
},
{
"other": "/ ngiang⁵ /"
},
{
"other": "/ ngiáng /"
},
{
"other": "/ ngiâng /"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiaŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋõĩ⁵²/"
},
{
"other": "/ngiang2/"
},
{
"other": "/ngiang5 - literary (ngiêng2/"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲi⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/n̠ʲi̯ẽ³³/"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ]"
},
{
"other": "[r]"
},
{
"other": "/*ŋɡeːn/"
}
],
"word": "研"
}
{
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"硯"
],
"word": "研"
}
{
"categories": [
"Grade 3 kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading げん",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading げん",
"Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading けん",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading す-る",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading と-ぐ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading みが-く",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading あき",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading かず",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading きし",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading きよ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading よし",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with 研",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kengaku",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"学",
"がく"
]
],
"word": "研学"
},
{
"english": "researcher",
"roman": "kenkyūsha",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"究",
"きゅう"
],
[
"者",
"しゃ"
]
],
"sense": "研究 (kenkyū): research, investigate",
"word": "研究者"
},
{
"english": "laboratory",
"roman": "kenkyūshitsu",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"究",
"きゅう"
],
[
"室",
"しつ"
]
],
"sense": "研究 (kenkyū): research, investigate",
"word": "研究室"
},
{
"english": "research fellow, lab worker",
"roman": "kenkyūin",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"究",
"きゅう"
],
[
"員",
"いん"
]
],
"sense": "研究 (kenkyū): research, investigate",
"word": "研究員"
},
{
"english": "research institute",
"roman": "kenkyūsho",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"究",
"きゅう"
],
[
"所",
"しょ"
]
],
"sense": "研究 (kenkyū): research, investigate",
"word": "研究所"
},
{
"roman": "kensan",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"鑽",
"さん"
]
],
"word": "研鑽"
},
{
"english": "trainee",
"roman": "kenshūsei",
"ruby": [
[
"研",
"けん"
],
[
"修",
"しゅう"
],
[
"生",
"せい"
]
],
"sense": "研修 (kenshū): training, induction",
"word": "研修生"
},
{
"word": "研磨"
},
{
"roman": "kenma",
"word": "研摩"
},
{
"roman": "yagen",
"ruby": [
[
"薬",
"や"
],
[
"研",
"げん"
]
],
"word": "薬研"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "硏",
"tags": [
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to polish"
],
"links": [
[
"polish",
"polish"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "磨"
}
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji",
"shinjitai"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"study of ..."
],
"links": [
[
"study",
"study"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji",
"shinjitai"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to sharpen"
],
"links": [
[
"sharpen",
"sharpen"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji",
"shinjitai"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inkstone"
],
"links": [
[
"inkstone",
"inkstone"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "硯"
}
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji",
"shinjitai"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese surnames",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-3-kanji",
"kanji",
"shinjitai"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Japanese_language"
],
"word": "研"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "갈 연",
"roman": "gal yeon",
"tags": [
"eumhun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "갈다",
"2": "갈",
"3": "연"
},
"expansion": "研 (eumhun 갈 연 (gal yeon))",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(“Hanja form of 연 (“grinding”).”)",
"word": "硏"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean Han characters",
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of 硏 (“Hanja form of 연 (“grinding”).”)"
],
"links": [
[
"硏",
"硏#Korean"
],
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"연",
"연#Korean"
],
[
"grinding",
"grinding"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "研"
}
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"related": [
{
"alt": "Original form of 研",
"word": "硏"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Han script characters",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"研 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一口一廿 (MRMT), four-corner 1164₀, composition ⿰石开)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"石",
"石#Translingual"
],
[
"开",
"开#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "研"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese Han characters",
"Vietnamese Nom",
"Vietnamese lemmas"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "研: Hán Việt readings: nghiên",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "nghiễn 研: Nôm readings: nghiên",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "nghiền",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "nghiện",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tên",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of nghiên (“to study, to research”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"nghiên",
"nghiên#Vietnamese"
],
[
"study",
"study"
],
[
"research",
"research"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Nom"
],
"glosses": [
"Nôm form of nghiền (“to grind”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Nôm",
"chữ Nôm#Vietnamese"
],
[
"nghiền",
"nghiền#Vietnamese"
],
[
"grind",
"grind"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "研"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研",
"trace": "started on line 120, detected on line 130"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研",
"trace": "started on line 113, detected on line 130"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研",
"trace": "started on line 80, detected on line 130"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研",
"trace": "started on line 47, detected on line 130"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min (KCR)'",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary)'",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min'",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: '研: Hán Việt readings: nghiên' in '研: Hán Việt readings: nghiên, nghiễn 研: Nôm readings: nghiên, nghiền, nghiện, tên'",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "han character",
"title": "研",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'nghiễn 研: Nôm readings: nghiên' in '研: Hán Việt readings: nghiên, nghiễn 研: Nôm readings: nghiên, nghiền, nghiện, tên'",
"path": [
"研"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "han character",
"title": "研",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "研/Chinese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"lang_code\": \"zh\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"硯\"], \"word\": \"研\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "soft-redirect",
"title": "研",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.