See 研發 on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "研究",
"2": "開發"
},
"expansion": "Short for 研究開發／研究开发 (yánjiū kāifā)",
"name": "zh-etym-short"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Short for 研究開發／研究开发 (yánjiū kāifā).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "研发",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "研發",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
5,
29
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "drug research and development",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "yàowù yánfā",
"text": "藥物研發",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
5,
29
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "drug research and development",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"roman": "yàowù yánfā",
"text": "药物研发",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to research and develop; to do R&D"
],
"id": "en-研發-zh-verb-8tsws2H1",
"links": [
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"develop",
"develop"
],
[
"R&D",
"R&D"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánfā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄈㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ faat³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-fat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-fat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan^ˋ fad"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² huah⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² huoh⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-hoat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng⁵ huêg⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánfā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄈㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánfa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²-fa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yán-fā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yanfa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "яньфа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "janʹfa"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ fä⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yìhn faat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ faat⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "yin⁴ fad³"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ faːt̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-fat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngien^ˊ fad^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ fad⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴ fat̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-fat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian^ˊ fad^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ fad⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴ fat̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Zhudong"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan^ˋ fad"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁵³ fat⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhudong"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² huah⁶ [Phonetic:ngieng⁴ huah⁶]"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hinghwa-Romanized",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiáng-huah"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁴² huaʔ²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² huoh⁶ [Phonetic:ngieng⁴ huoh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁴² huoʔ²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-huat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "giefnhoad"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ huat̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng huek"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huek̚²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ fä⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ faːt̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴ fat̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴ fat̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁵³ fat⁵/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: ngieng⁴ huah⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁴² huaʔ²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: ngieng⁴ huoh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁴² huoʔ²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ huat̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huek̚²/"
}
],
"word": "研發"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "研究",
"2": "開發"
},
"expansion": "Short for 研究開發／研究开发 (yánjiū kāifā)",
"name": "zh-etym-short"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Short for 研究開發／研究开发 (yánjiū kāifā).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "研发",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "研發",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese verbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese short forms",
"Chinese terms spelled with 發",
"Chinese terms spelled with 研",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka verbs",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien verbs",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Mandarin verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Puxian Min lemmas",
"Puxian Min verbs",
"Teochew lemmas",
"Teochew verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
5,
29
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "drug research and development",
"raw_tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"roman": "yàowù yánfā",
"text": "藥物研發",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
5,
29
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "drug research and development",
"raw_tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"roman": "yàowù yánfā",
"text": "药物研发",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to research and develop; to do R&D"
],
"links": [
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"develop",
"develop"
],
[
"R&D",
"R&D"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "yánfā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄈㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ faat³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-fat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-fat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan^ˋ fad"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² huah⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² huoh⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-hoat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng⁵ huêg⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánfā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄈㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yánfa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yen²-fa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yán-fā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "yanfa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "яньфа"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "janʹfa"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ fä⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"standard"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "yìhn faat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jin⁴ faat⁸"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "yin⁴ fad³"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ faːt̚³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiên-fat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngien^ˊ fad^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ fad⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴ fat̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Miaoli",
"Northern",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiân-fat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian^ˊ fad^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka"
],
"zh-pron": "ngian¹ fad⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴ fat̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Zhudong"
],
"zh-pron": "ngan^ˋ fad"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁵³ fat⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hailu",
"Hakka",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Zhudong"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² huah⁶ [Phonetic:ngieng⁴ huah⁶]"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Hinghwa-Romanized",
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiáng-huah"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁴² huaʔ²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing",
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh-pron": "ngieng² huoh⁶ [Phonetic:ngieng⁴ huoh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁴² huoʔ²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "gián-huat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "giefnhoad"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ huat̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Min-Nan",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung",
"Min-Nan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "ngiêng huek"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huek̚²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ fä⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ faːt̚³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴ fat̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴ fat̚²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁵³ fat⁵/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: ngieng⁴ huah⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁴² huaʔ²¹/"
},
{
"other": "[Phonetic: ngieng⁴ huoh⁶]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁴² huoʔ²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ huat̚⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huek̚²/"
}
],
"word": "研發"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 研發 meaning in All languages combined (6.0kB)
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)'",
"path": [
"研發"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研發",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"研發"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "研發",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (8b3c49c and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.