See 研發 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "研究",
"2": "開發"
},
"expansion": "Short for 研究開發／研究开发 (yánjiū kāifā)",
"name": "zh-etym-short"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Short for 研究開發／研究开发 (yánjiū kāifā).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "研发",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "研發",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
5,
29
]
],
"english": "drug research and development",
"roman": "yàowù yánfā",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "藥物研發",
"translation": "drug research and development",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
5,
29
]
],
"english": "drug research and development",
"roman": "yàowù yánfā",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "药物研发",
"translation": "drug research and development",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to research and develop; to do R&D"
],
"id": "en-研發-zh-verb-8tsws2H1",
"links": [
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"develop",
"develop"
],
[
"R&D",
"R&D"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "yánfā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄈㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "jin⁴ faat³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ngiên-fat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ngiân-fat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "ngan^ˋ fad"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ngieng² huah⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ngieng² huoh⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gián-hoat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "ngiêng⁵ huêg⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "yánfā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄈㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "yánfa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "yen²-fa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "yán-fā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "yanfa"
},
{
"roman": "janʹfa",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "яньфа"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ fä⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "jin⁴ faat³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "yìhn faat"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "jin⁴ faat⁸"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "yin⁴ fad³"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ faːt̚³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Northern",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ngiên-fat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Northern",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "ngien^ˊ fad^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Northern",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "ngian¹ fad⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴ fat̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Northern",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Southern",
"Sixian",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ngiân-fat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Southern",
"Sixian",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "ngian^ˊ fad^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Southern",
"Sixian",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "ngian¹ fad⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴ fat̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Southern",
"Sixian",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "ngan^ˋ fad"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁵³ fat⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ngieng² huah⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "ngieng⁴ huah⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Hinghwa-Romanized"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ngiáng-huah"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁴² huaʔ²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ngieng² huoh⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "ngieng⁴ huoh⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁴² huoʔ²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gián-hoat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "gián-huat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "giefnhoad"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ huat̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "ngiêng⁵ huêg⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ngiêng huek"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huek̚²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "研發"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "研究",
"2": "開發"
},
"expansion": "Short for 研究開發／研究开发 (yánjiū kāifā)",
"name": "zh-etym-short"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Short for 研究開發／研究开发 (yánjiū kāifā).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "研发",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "研發",
"name": "zh-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese verbs",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese short forms",
"Chinese terms spelled with 發",
"Chinese terms spelled with 研",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Hakka lemmas",
"Hakka verbs",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien verbs",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin terms with usage examples",
"Mandarin verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Puxian Min lemmas",
"Puxian Min verbs",
"Teochew lemmas",
"Teochew verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
5,
29
]
],
"english": "drug research and development",
"roman": "yàowù yánfā",
"tags": [
"Traditional-Chinese"
],
"text": "藥物研發",
"translation": "drug research and development",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
5,
29
]
],
"english": "drug research and development",
"roman": "yàowù yánfā",
"tags": [
"Simplified-Chinese"
],
"text": "药物研发",
"translation": "drug research and development",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to research and develop; to do R&D"
],
"links": [
[
"research",
"research"
],
[
"develop",
"develop"
],
[
"R&D",
"R&D"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "yánfā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄈㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "jin⁴ faat³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ngiên-fat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Sixian",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ngiân-fat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "ngan^ˋ fad"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ngieng² huah⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ngieng² huoh⁶"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gián-hoat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "ngiêng⁵ huêg⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "yánfā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Bopomofo"
],
"zh_pron": "ㄧㄢˊ ㄈㄚ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "yánfa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh_pron": "yen²-fa¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "yán-fā"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
],
"zh_pron": "yanfa"
},
{
"roman": "janʹfa",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Palladius"
],
"zh_pron": "яньфа"
},
{
"ipa": "/jɛn³⁵ fä⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Standard-Chinese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh_pron": "jin⁴ faat³"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Yale"
],
"zh_pron": "yìhn faat"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh_pron": "jin⁴ faat⁸"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh_pron": "yin⁴ fad³"
},
{
"ipa": "/jiːn²¹ faːt̚³/",
"raw_tags": [
"Standard-Cantonese",
"Hong Kong"
],
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Northern",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ngiên-fat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Northern",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "ngien^ˊ fad^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Northern",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "ngian¹ fad⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯en²⁴ fat̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Northern",
"Sixian",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Southern",
"Sixian",
"Neipu",
"Phak-fa-su"
],
"zh_pron": "ngiân-fat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Southern",
"Sixian",
"Neipu",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "ngian^ˊ fad^ˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Southern",
"Sixian",
"Neipu",
"Hagfa-Pinyim"
],
"zh_pron": "ngian¹ fad⁵"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋi̯an²⁴ fat̚²/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Southern",
"Sixian",
"Neipu",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Hakka-Romanization-System"
],
"zh_pron": "ngan^ˋ fad"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋan⁵³ fat⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hailu",
"Zhudong",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ngieng² huah⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "ngieng⁴ huah⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Putian",
"Hinghwa-Romanized"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ngiáng-huah"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ¹³⁻⁴² huaʔ²¹/",
"raw_tags": [
"Putian"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min"
],
"zh_pron": "ngieng² huoh⁶"
},
{
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou",
"Pouseng-Ping'ing"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"phonetic"
],
"zh_pron": "ngieng⁴ huoh⁶"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋiɛŋ²⁴⁻⁴² huoʔ²/",
"raw_tags": [
"Xianyou"
],
"tags": [
"Puxian-Min",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "gián-hoat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh_pron": "gián-huat"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh_pron": "giefnhoad"
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ huat̚⁵/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ huat̚³²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Hokkien",
"IPA",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Peng'im"
],
"zh_pron": "ngiêng⁵ huêg⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"POJ"
],
"zh_pron": "ngiêng huek"
},
{
"ipa": "/ŋieŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huek̚²/",
"tags": [
"Min-Nan",
"Teochew",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
}
],
"word": "研發"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 研發 meaning in Chinese (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.